直接引語變間接引語常用的三種情況

1、直接引語變間接引語常用的三種情況1、陳述句變成間接引語（1）“I am a teacher" she said. She said that she was a teacher. “You don't tell her my telephone number" he said. He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number. 要注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變成一般過去時(shí)。 一般過去時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)， 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)，一般

2、將來時(shí)變成過去將來時(shí)， this 變成that these變成those, here 變成there ,today變成that day, yesterday 變成the day before, tomorrow 變成next day, the day after tomorrow變成in two days' time，now 變成then等等。  2、將一般疑問句變成間接引語 在這樣的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。 （1)"Are you a student?" She asked me if I w

3、as a student.她問我是否是一位學(xué)生。 將原來的疑問句放在if 后面,但語順變成肯定式的語順。 另外 還可以用whether 來表示。 She asked me whether I was a student. (2) "Did you finish your work yesterday?" He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.  3.將特殊疑問句變成間接引語 "What time is it?" He

4、 asked me what time it was. "When will you go to town?" He asked me when would I go to town. 在這樣的句子里除疑問詞放在間接引語的前面外，后面也是陳述句的語序。 注意，間接引語中的that 可以省略。 一、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 下面有一句順口溜“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said.

5、 "My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。

6、如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr. Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。  二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過去時(shí)態(tài)；過去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí)；過去完成時(shí)則保留原來的時(shí)態(tài)。如： 1) She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen&

7、#160;2) She said. "We hope so."She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。 直接引語是客觀真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, t

8、he teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日

9、作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式

10、（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said. "You had better come have today。" Peter said I had better go there that day。  三、如何變狀語： 直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday。變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或

11、用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如： He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his.  四、如何變句型： 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句，

12、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, havent you?" my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?&quo

13、t; He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：&#

14、160;"Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）?！比纾?#160;He said, "Lets go

15、to the film." He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如： John said, "Im going to London with my father." 約翰說："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號內(nèi)是直接引語） John said that he was

16、 going to London with his father. 約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語） 由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：  1 直接引語是陳述句時(shí) 間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（口語中that可以省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , "You are younger than I."-He said (that ) I was younger than him.  2.直接引語是疑問句時(shí)

17、0;間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞say 改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?" She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , &quo

18、t;You have seen the film, havent you?" She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether.or 賓語從句。 I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼?/p>

19、疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 He asked , "Where do you live?" He asked me where I lived.  3.直接引語是祈使句時(shí) 間接引語為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語（dont 變?yōu)閚ot ）. The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."The teacher told the boy to open the window. His

20、father said to him , "Dont leave the door open."His father told him not to leave the door open. 注意 （1） 有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動(dòng)詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如： He said, "Lets go to the theatre." He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) g

21、o to the theatre. (2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. He asked me to open the window. "Why dont you take a walk after supper?" he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. He

22、 suggested listening to the music.  4.直接引語是感嘆句時(shí) 間接引語為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。 She said, "What a lovely day it is !" She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.  5如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：

23、0;（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí) （2） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí) （3） 一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí) （4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí) （5） 一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí) （6） 過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí) 注意 （1） 如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如： The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." The teacher said that the earth goes round

24、the sun. （2） 如果直接引語中有明確表示過時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)不改為過去完成時(shí)。如： He said to me, "I was born in 1973." He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如： He said, "Im a boy, not a girl." He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

25、 (4)如果直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如： The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。如： He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." He told me that he had taught English since he cam