歷年英語翻譯資格考試中級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題(網(wǎng)友版)

1、歷年英語翻譯資格考試中級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題網(wǎng)友版Passage 1Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last and yield nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of

2、 our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its own

3、er a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all

4、of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2021, but by forest instead of highways and houses.It was a precarious operation at the start as all farming was in the new coloniesand it became precarious enough ag

5、ain in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it ca'n t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite“ exhaustion of resourceto sell the farm. The exhausted resources they

6、 list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly. It's as though the parishioners of the FirstParish Church in nearby Dover erected nearly 200 years later, in 1829 had rebuilt the structu

7、re on the same spot every few years.It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale ag

8、riculture heavily subsidized by the government underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2021, it is suddenly

9、 superfluous, or so we like to pretend.出處： 盡管導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)的原因有很多，但很少農(nóng)民僅僅是因?yàn)橥恋厥シ柿Χ?產(chǎn)，這可以算是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)奇跡。如果能很好地料理土地，那么它幾乎可以永遠(yuǎn)保 持持續(xù)的產(chǎn)出。而對美國這樣一個(gè)年輕的國家而言，人們很少能意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)。在 我們歷史的大局部時(shí)間里，人們有土地去耕作，而且不停地開墾新的土地似乎土 地資源是無窮無盡的。然而，還是有一些老農(nóng)場破產(chǎn)了。其中歷史最為悠久的便是位于美國新罕布 什爾州丹佛市附近的 Tuttle farm。同時(shí)也是美國最顧老的商業(yè)公司之一。在上周 的新聞中，公司的所有者，原始移民John Tuttle的

10、直系后代，宣布公司破產(chǎn)。Tuttle farm 成立于 1632 年的。我聽說他的鮮玉米非常知名。1632 年，遙遠(yuǎn)的讓人難以置信，那一年，伽利略還在準(zhǔn)備出版他的著作，而 洛克才剛剛出生。美洲大陸當(dāng)時(shí)大概只有一萬移民，其中生活在新罕布什爾州的 估計(jì)還不到一百人。 那時(shí) Tuttle 的耕地可能和 2021 年一樣被團(tuán)團(tuán)包圍著， 只不過 那時(shí)是被森林包圍，而現(xiàn)在是被高速公路和房子。就像所有殖民地的農(nóng)場一樣， 一開始 Tuttle 的經(jīng)營 基于有限土地資源的經(jīng)營 ?就是不穩(wěn)定的，而近些年同樣的不穩(wěn)的最終導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)場逐漸減產(chǎn)。受制于資源保 護(hù)的限制， 這邊土地不能被使用， 而且沒人知道他的下一任所有者

11、會(huì)不會(huì)耕種它。 地役權(quán)：為增加自己土地 需役地 的利用價(jià)值，而在他人土地 供役地 上設(shè)置的 某種權(quán)利。地役權(quán)對地役權(quán)人來說是其權(quán)利的擴(kuò)大，而對地役人來說是一種義務(wù) 或?qū)ψ约簷?quán)利的限制。 在 Tuttle 公司網(wǎng)站上， Tuttle 家族的人宣稱他們賣掉農(nóng)場是因?yàn)橘Y源枯竭，其 中包括人力，腦力，熱情，理想，機(jī)械設(shè)備以及資金。他們并沒有提到曾經(jīng)被反 復(fù)提及以挽回顏面的土地原因。這就好似丹佛附近First Parish Church建立于1829年的教友們每隔數(shù)年都在同一個(gè)地方重建教堂一樣。完全木有看懂作者啥意思 我們不能像 Tuttle 家族的人一樣簡單地把這么一個(gè)有著近400年歷史的農(nóng)場的破歸咎

12、于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。而真正導(dǎo)致它破產(chǎn)的原因應(yīng)該是糧食生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。每一 年，家族農(nóng)場在與工業(yè)規(guī)模的農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的競爭中都顯得愈發(fā)艱難。這些企業(yè)享有 大量的國家補(bǔ)助，并通過各種渠道價(jià)格與家族農(nóng)場競爭。在一個(gè)致力于保障農(nóng)場 健康開展并促進(jìn)農(nóng)場與周邊社區(qū)融合的體系里，結(jié)果本不該是這樣。在1632 以及之后的許多年，像 Tuttle 這樣的農(nóng)場是社會(huì)必需的。而在 2021 年，他們突然 變成了多余的了，抑或是被我們當(dāng)作多余了的。Passage 2Youth unemployment across the world has climbed to a new high and is likely to climb

13、 further this year, a UN agency said yesterday, while warning of a “l(fā)ost generation as more young people give up the search for work.The International Labour Organization ILO said in a report that of some 620 million young people ages 15 to 24 in the work force, about 81 million were unemployed at t

14、he end of last year the highest level in two decades of record-keeping by the organization, which is based in Geneva.The youth unemployment rate increased to 13 percent last year from 11.9 percent in the last assessment in 2007.“ Ther'e s never been an increase of this magnitude both in terms of

15、 the rate and the level since we've been tracking the data, said Steven Kapsos, an ILO economist.The agency forecast that the global youth unemployment rate would continue to increase through this year, to 13.1 percent, as the effects of the economic downturn continue. It should then decline to

16、12.7 percent next year.The agency's report found that unemployment had hit young people harder than adults during the financial crisis, from which most economies are only just emerging, and that recovery of the job market for young men and women would lag behind that of adults. The impact of the

17、 crisis has also been felt in shorter hours and reduced wages for those who maintain salaried employment.In some especially strained European countries, including Spain and Britain, many young people have become discouraged and given up the job hunt, it said. The trend will have “ significantconsequ

18、encesfor young people, as more and more join the ranks of the already unemployed, it said. That has the potential to create a “l(fā)ost generation' comprised of young people who have dropped out of the labor market, having lost all hope of being able to work for a decent living.Young people in devel

19、oping economies were more vulnerable to precarious employment and poverty, the report said.About 152 million young people, or a quarter of all the young workers in the world, were employed but remained in extreme poverty in households surviving on less thanUS$1.25 a person a day in 2021, the report said.The number of young