If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.PPT

1、.1.2if引導(dǎo)的條件句引導(dǎo)的條件句If she invites me tomorrow, I will go to the party. 請(qǐng)把這句話(huà)與下面虛擬語(yǔ)氣的帶條件從句的主從復(fù)合句進(jìn)行比較：If she invited me, I would go to the party. 假如她邀請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)，我就去。If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the party. 假如她昨天邀請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)，我就去了。If she should invite me tomorrow, I would go to the part如果她

2、明天邀請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)，我會(huì)去的。.3 后退一步法是指后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實(shí)相反后，if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按正常情況“后退一步后退一步”。 也就是：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去一般時(shí)形式表示 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，在從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示 主句中主句中則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would, should, could 等加動(dòng)詞形式 .4if條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. 行為動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去形式2. be動(dòng)詞用were Should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞

3、原形1. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬 If the people were better educated, I believe this could solve the problem.If they had proper education in schools, they would know how to control their lives.5if條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 Had doneShould/would/could/might + have done2. 對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬If they had ended their mee

4、ting without further action, Amercia would have been very different.If they had not campagined for financial independence, women may not have had control over their own money.6if條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. 行為動(dòng)詞用did2. should + 動(dòng)詞原形3. were to + 動(dòng)詞原形 Should/would/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與將

5、來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1. If the lecture should be late, you should have to make a speech first.2. If the lecture were late tomorrow, you would have to make a speech first.7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略if：在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 并將were, had 或should 放到句首。當(dāng)然，如果從句沒(méi)有were, had, 或should,就不能省略if.8If I were to do it, Id do

6、it some other way. Were I to do it, Id do it some other way.If you should fail, try again. Should you fail, try again.If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.I would have bought the house If I had had enough money. I would have bought

7、 the house had I had enough money.9 Note： 省略了省略了if的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。略形式。Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. （）Werent it for the expense, I would go to Italy.（）.10 But for your help, I couldnt have done it. Without electricity human life would be quite different today. 練

8、習(xí)：請(qǐng)用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句1. 要不是你的幫助，我就失敗了。2. 如果沒(méi)有恰當(dāng)?shù)目刂剖侄?，核反?yīng)堆就會(huì)爆炸（核反應(yīng)堆 nuclear reactor）。.114.1 Wish/ if only 的用法的用法用在“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”中，表示很難實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可以翻譯為“但愿”, “悔不該”等。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）；表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “had+過(guò)去分詞” 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would (could)+動(dòng)詞原形.12表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符的假設(shè)事件表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符的假設(shè)事件 1. V-ed主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ wi

9、sh/ if only + that+ 2. were 3. would/could/should+VI wish that he were my boyfriend. I wish that he cared for me. I wish that he could help me when I an in trouble. .13表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)想法的假設(shè)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)想法的假設(shè)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ wish/ if only + that+ 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 2. would/could/should+V +have doneI wish that he had been my boyfr

10、iend at that time. I wish that she could have helped me when I wan in trouble.14與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ wish/ if only + that+ would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形I wish you would agree with me.If only the rain would stop.I wish I could see the situation through his eyes.15注意：wish 與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希

11、望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。請(qǐng)比較： We hope we will succeed. (We dont know if we will succeed.) We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly succeed.).164.2 as if/as though, even if/even though從句中的虛擬從句中的虛擬.如果指的是現(xiàn)在的狀況，則用過(guò)去式(be用were)如果指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had過(guò)去分詞形式如果指將來(lái)的事情，would (s

12、hould, could)+動(dòng)詞原形She looks as if/though she were ill.看她的樣子，好像生病了。He walks as if he were a king.他走起路來(lái)就好像他是國(guó)王。He acted as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得若無(wú)其事。He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.即使天塌下來(lái)，他也不會(huì)辭職。.174.3在It is (high) time (that)句型中后面的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)或用should+動(dòng)詞原形(s

13、hould 不能省略)來(lái)表示。這句話(huà)的意思是“（現(xiàn)在）該”。For example:It is time we left/should leave.It is high time that you got married. It is time that I bought a car.184.4 在 I would rather (that)句型中, “我寧可”Would rather+從句+與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，則用過(guò)去式(be用were)Would rather+從句+與過(guò)去動(dòng)作相反，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had過(guò)去分詞形式For example:Id rather I were in the rain

14、now.Id rather you did not tell him.I would rather she hadnt done that.194.6 用在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。這類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞有：arrange/command/demand/desire/ insist/order/propose/request/require/suggest/beg/move（提議）We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.We insisted that they (should)

15、go with us.The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we (should) start right away.The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down.Note：suggest 表示“暗示，表明”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Insist后面強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事實(shí)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句也不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。.20Note: 若上述表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動(dòng)詞用作名詞時(shí)，名詞之后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，shou

16、ld 可以省略。如：He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off.Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. Note:上述動(dòng)詞在It is suggested that, It is required that, Its requested that, Its ordered that, Its arranged that句型中，that 之后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should 可以省略，但引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。如： It was sugge

17、sted that he attend the conference. It was requested that the trial be openly reported.214.7 用在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的形容詞在Its important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that句型中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。這個(gè)句型表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意見(jiàn)、要求等。For example: It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter. It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July. It is imperative