初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞一、名詞分類：名詞分為 一般名詞 和專出名詞一般名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個體名詞，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物質(zhì)名詞，如air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名詞，如glory, honesty, failure, education 等； 專出名詞：表示個人、國家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專出名稱，如cheng du, china, obama,china central television 等；名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.一般名詞： 可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞1 可數(shù)名詞：包括個體名詞和集體名詞個體名詞 : 表示個體的人

2、或事物名稱的詞；如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式；a. 單數(shù)表示 “一個 ”的概念；用名詞的單數(shù)時，名詞前需加a 或 an ；如 a book（一本書）、an apple（一個蘋果） 、an orange（一個橘子）等；b. 復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個或兩個以上的物體；如 two pencils（兩枝鉛筆） 、three weeks（三周） 等；集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞；如：people, family, class, furniture復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成；規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

3、的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例 詞cat cats book-books大多數(shù)名詞以 s、x 、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加 -s；（在清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音及元音后讀 z ；）在詞尾加-es, 讀作 iz ；dog-dogs bag bagsboy- boys glass glasses match matches以輔音字母+y結(jié)把 y 變成i , 加 -es, 讀 作 izcity cities尾的名詞但專出名詞例外，直接在y 后加 -s, 讀作zcanadian canadiansamerican americans tomato tomatoes以輔音字母+o結(jié) 一般直接加-es,讀

4、作 z;尾的名詞potato potatoes以元音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名某些詞例外 ,加 -skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photoszoo zoos直接加-s, 但讀作 zradio radios有的直接加-s, 讀作 zroof roofs leaf leaves詞大多數(shù)要將f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v,再加 -es,讀作 zwife wivesknife knives yourself-yourselves不規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例 詞通過轉(zhuǎn)變詞內(nèi)元音字母man menfoot feettooth teethmo

5、use mice（老鼠）通過在詞尾加 -en 或-renox oxen（牛）child children單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep two sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a chinese two chinese （中國人）留意事項(xiàng) :只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義: people, public, police特別名詞的講解： people 作“人們，人民”解時，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞作復(fù)數(shù)；作“民族”解時，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s；there are five people

6、 in my family.我家有五口人；there are fifty-six peoples in our country.我們國家有56 個民族； clothes 等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)；例： my favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts， scissors 等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式顯現(xiàn)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of 表示，此時如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待；例： your pants are blue.this pair of pants is mine.集體名詞

7、看作整體時，謂語用單數(shù); 指成員時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；his familyisa large family.指整體his familylikeanimals. 指成員 有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：fish 魚 fishes 魚的種類 , paper 紙 papers 報紙，卷子，論文 , work 工作works 作品，工廠 , glass玻璃glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光線lights 燈 , people 人peoples 民族 , time 時間times 時代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞例： hair

8、和 fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體；my hair is black.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的；i like fruit .it s goo我d 喜for歡y水ou果.,水果對你的身體有好處；但假如表示如干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，就需用復(fù)數(shù)形式. homer simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)；she likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜愛梨，桃和其它水果；exercise:一）在后面加s；如： cat-cats bag-bags day-daysfathers,books,americans1、some are flying ki

9、tes near the river.a. childb. boyc. boysd. childs二） x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es；如： class classesmatch matchesbox- boxes dish - dishesboxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. there are many fox in the picture. 2 the has two .a. boys, watchesb. boy, watchc. boy, watchesd. boys, watch三）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i

10、再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. their dictionary look new.以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加s；元音是字母a,e,i,o,u如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾 沒有生命的 加 s（外來詞）；如：photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯1、we need some more . can you go a

11、nd get some, please.a. potatob. potatosc. potatoesd.potatoe 2 there are lots of in the basket on the table.a. tomatosb. tomatoc. tomatoesd. tomatoss3. let's take 4. i have lots of photo, ok. tomato here.五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變f 為 v 再加 es；如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leav

12、es, yourself-yourselves1、please remember to give the horse some tree_ .a. leafsb. leavesc. leafd.leave2、twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.a. person;lifeb.people;livesc.peoples;livesd.persons;life3. the leaf on the tree turn-yellow.六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , chinese, japan

13、ese, germen1、-are there any on the farm.-yes, there are some.a. horseb. duckc. chickend. sheep2、there are a lot of down there but hardly any .a. sheeps, peopleb. sheep, peoplec. sheeps, peoplesd. sheep, peoples 3 can you see nine in the picture.a. sheepb. dogc. pigd. horse 4 there are four and two i

14、n the group.a. japanese, germenb. japaneses, germenc. japanese, germansd. japaneses, germans5. how many sheep are there on the hill.七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1. there are five people in his family.2、there are a lot of down there but hardly any .a. sheeps,

15、peopleb.sheep, peoplec. sheeps, peoplesd. sheep, peoples3、twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident. a.person;lifeb.people;livesc.peoples;livesd.persons;life 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police 警察局，警察 , class 班，同學(xué) , family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞；如：action movie-action movies,looker-on lo

16、okers-on1、the police investigated those about the accident.a. stander-byc. standers-byb. stander-bysd. standers-bys但假如是由man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)就同時為復(fù)數(shù) ；如： man doctor-men doctors,woman teacher-women teachers1、all the in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctorsc.woman doctorsb. women doctord.w

17、oman doctor 2 two would come to the village.a.woman-doctorsb.women doctorc.women doctorsd.woman doctors3. they are woman doctors.十）特別形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、one of mike s was hurt in the accident yester

18、day.a. toothb.feetc.handd.ear2、the little baby has two already.a. toothb. toothsc. teethd. teeths3. the cat caught two last night.a. mousesb. micec. moused. mices 4 the japanese will not leave china until she finishes her study.a. womanb. womenc. mand. men 5 the boy often brushes his before he goes

19、to bed.a. toothb. toothsc. teethd. teeths6. the deer has four .a. footb. feetc. feetsd. foots7. the baby has only two tooth now.2 不行數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的名詞；如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名詞： 表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動作，感情等抽象概念的名詞；如：health, happiness, help個體名詞集體名詞可數(shù)名詞一般名詞專出名詞留意事項(xiàng) ：物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞不行數(shù)名詞1. 不行數(shù)名詞沒有

20、復(fù)數(shù)變化,不能與 a/an 或表示詳細(xì)數(shù)量的詞直接連用；這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little 等詞；如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時候就要用：數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of+ 名詞來表述；用量詞修飾時，第一 要留意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；然后 要留意名詞是否可數(shù),不行數(shù)時用單數(shù),可數(shù)時用復(fù)數(shù),如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.exercise:1、they are thirsty. will you plea

21、se give them .a. some bottles of watersb. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of waterd. some bottle of waters 2、there is some on the plate盤子 .a. cakesb. meatc. potatod. pears 3、please pass me .a. two glass of waterb. two glasses of watersc. two glasses of waterd. two glass water4、this table is made

22、 of .a. many glassb. glassesc. some glassesd.glass5、mr. smith always has to tell us.a. some good pieces of newsb. some pieces of good newsc. some good piece of newsd. some piece of good news6、generally there are television programs for children on saturday.a.littleb. muchc.a large number ofd.a large

23、 amount of對量詞的提問句型對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many ；對不行數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much ，但對不行數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用how many ；如：i would like two apples. how many apples would you like. i want some bread. how much bread do you want.i want three glasses of water. how many glasses of water do you want ？ 詢問價格用how much ，如 : how much

24、is the coat.how much are the coats.二.名詞的全部格全部格的構(gòu)成： 1. 有生命的名詞2. 無生命的名詞有生命的名詞（ 1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.如： my brother's book ， jack's cat， the girl's pen（ 2）以 -s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的全部格，只需在名詞右上方加；如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers' college留意：在不規(guī)章復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如： women's clothes.（ 3）假如一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，在后一個

25、名詞詞尾加's， 如：tom and peter's room湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（ 4） 假如一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個名詞都要加's.如 ： tom's and peter's rooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞 : 無生命的名詞的全部格，通常用“of+名詞 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示；如：the windows of the room（房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse（一張馬的照片）名詞習(xí)題一寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. house 2. it 3. zoo 4. orange 5. bag 6. exercise

26、7. brush 8. family 9. bus 10. city 11. box 12. baby 13. class 14. factory 15. glass 16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman 19. match 20. man 21. this 22. german 23. tomato 24. policeman 25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. chinese 29. shelf 30. japanese 31. leaf 32. american 33. life 34. tooth 35. wife 36.

27、 foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half 40. child 41.tooth 42.mouth 二挑選填空：1. i want to buy .a. two bottles of inkb. two bottle of ink2. they don t have to d_o today.c. two bottle of inksd. two bottles of inksa. much homeworkb. many homeworksc. many homeworkd. much homeworks3. there are three and seven in

28、 the picture.a. cows, sheepsb. cows, sheepc. cow, sheepd. cow, sheeps4. june 1 is .a. children s dayb. children s dayc. children s dayd. children s day5. room is next to their parents .a. kate s and joan sb. kate s and joanc. kate and joan sd. kate and joan6. miss green is a friend of .a. mary s mot

29、her s b. mary s motherc. mary mother sd. mother s of mary7. sheep white and milk also white.a. is, areb. are, isc. is, isd. are, are8. iikde lto have a glass of milk and .a. two breadsb. two pieces of breadsc. two pieces of breadd. two piece of bread9. many are singing over there.a. womanb. womenc.

30、girld. child10. he bought .a. two pairs of shoesb. two pair of shoesc. two pairs of shoed. two pair of shoe11. mr. white has three .a. childb. childrenc. childsd. childrens12. -are these . - no, they aren t. they re .a.sheep, cowsb. sheep, cowc. sheeps, cowd. sheeps, cows13. there are many in the fr

31、idge.a. fishb. fruitc. eggsd. bread14. - whose room is this. -it s .a. li mingb. li ming sc. li mingsd. li mings 15. here are for you, sue.a. potatosb. some potatoesc. three tomatosd. some tomato16. here are some birthday cards with our best for her.a. wishb. hopec. wishesd. hopes17. i always go to

32、that to buy food on sunday.a. shopb. parkc. zood. garden18. room is on the 5th floor.a. lucy and lilyb. lucy and lily s c. lucy s and lilyd. lucy s alnidly s19. mum, i m quite thirsty. please give me .a. two orangeb. two bottle of orangesc. two bottles of oranged. two bottles of oranges20. 10. the c

33、at caught two last night.a. mousesb. micec. moused. mices21. i met some in the park and talked with them the other day.a. janpanesesb. americanc. chinesesd. english22. there are two in the room.a. shelfb. shelfsc. shelfesd. shelves23. there are seven in a week.a. yearsb. monthsc. daysd. minutes24. m

34、y father is a . he works in a hospital.a. teacherb. doctorc. farmerd. writer25. - excuse me, are you . - yes, i m from .a. japan, japaneseb. china, chinesec. england, englishd. american, america26. theyare jackets.a. lucy sb. lucy 27. what color is coat.a. peter sb. peter 28. these are books.a. teac

35、hers sb. teachers 29. they are ice creamsa. childrenb. childrens30. this is bag.a. tom and peterb.tom s and peter s31. where are .a. the school s studentsb. studentsofthe school32. those are bags.a. drivers sb. drivers33. this bag is .a.mary s and tom s b.mary and toms34. fathers are coming.a. mary s and kateb.smary s and kate c.mary and kates35. how are these books.a. manyb. much36. this pair of pants blue. i like very much.a. is, itb. are, themc. is, them37.how glasses of water do you want.d. are, ita. manyb. much38. this is .a. mike and jim