語法之定語從句教學(xué)設(shè)計

1、語法：定 語 從 句 【課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】：1.掌握定語從句的基本知識2.掌握定語從句中各關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的習(xí)慣用法【考試大綱】1.關(guān)系詞的使用，特別是which, that, when, where等2.介詞和關(guān)系代詞連用時，介詞的選用3.只用that的情況4.只用which的情況5.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用【課標(biāo)與考綱解讀】定語從句在高考中是從未間斷過的語法點。主要考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇；由whose, where, that,和“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句【教材分析】 復(fù)合句是英語語言中重要的句子結(jié)構(gòu)之一，定語從句是英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的一大難關(guān)，從句的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)加強對語法特征和語

2、義特征的思考，形成純正的英語思考能力。定語從句一直貫穿高中學(xué)習(xí)，此節(jié)課主要是復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的基本知識點和幾個重點?！緦W(xué)情分析】在以前的學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生們已經(jīng)學(xué)過了定語從句這個語法項目。對這個語法有了一定的認(rèn)識，本節(jié)的難點在于學(xué)生們對于介詞+關(guān)系代詞以及關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別難以區(qū)分，有所混淆。通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握定語從句的各種結(jié)構(gòu)和用法，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的認(rèn)知策略；通過定語從句的運用，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的交際策略，引導(dǎo)他們理解語言規(guī)則，熟悉各種語言現(xiàn)象?！局攸c.難點】1.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的不同功能，如that, which和where,when的用法區(qū)別2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法【教學(xué)設(shè)計】一 關(guān)系代

3、詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1. 關(guān)系代詞： 指人： who whom 指物： which 指人，指物：that whose歸納總結(jié)： 1） 在定語從句中做定語時用_不可省略。whose + n= _2 .which; that的區(qū)別 觀察例句，進行總結(jié) There is nothing that can prevent me from learning English.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the only book I want to buy.They talked about the teachers and sch

4、ools that they remembered.Which is the bike that you lost? 總結(jié)：下列情況下只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，不能用which2 / 201） 當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時There seems to be nothing that is impssible to him in the world.2） 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或被形容詞最高級修飾時3）

5、當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the very修飾時This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.4） 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問詞或先行詞是who時Who is the man that is standing by the gate?5） 當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時 Eg: Beacause of my poor memory, all _you told me has been forgotten. The only thing _ we can do is to give you some money. What is the firs

6、t American film _ you have seen. 下列情況只能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句，不能用that The book, which you bought for me, was lost. This is the house in which I lived when I was young. 1） 在非限制性定語從句中限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句用which 不用that.注：限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾作用;而非限制性定語從句是對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句中，先行詞與定語從句往往用逗號隔開。友情提示：非限制性定語從句中有時所修飾的不是前面一個詞而是整個句

7、子。 He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.2) 當(dāng)動詞短語中的介詞提前時用which, 不用thatEg. Anyway, that evening , _ I will tell you later , ended up staying at Rechels place. A. it B. that C. which D. when John said he had ben working in the office for an hour, _was true. A. he

8、B.this C. which D. who She was educated at Beijing University, _she went to have her advanced study aborad. A after which B. from which C. from that D. after that思考：介詞應(yīng)如何選擇？4. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 Great changes are taking place in the city _ _ we live. This is our parents _ _ we depend when we are in trouble. He

9、re is the money _ _ to buy a piano. Our factory produces half a million pairs od shoes every year, 80%_ _are sold aboard. 總結(jié)：在 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用_,_.即：介詞+_/_ 在這結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇可依據(jù)下列幾點：1）看介詞和定語從句中的謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配。2）看介詞和前面先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。3）表示 “所有關(guān)系”或整體中的一部分時常用of 。4）看介詞與定語從句中的形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。介詞+關(guān)系代詞還可以出現(xiàn)在下列情況： I have man

10、y friends, some of whom are teachers. We saw an old man sitting in the street corner, in front of which was a hat.China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.1） 用 “不定代詞some/all/any +of which/whom ”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。2） 用 “復(fù)合介詞+whom/which”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句3） 用 “形容詞最高級、比較級+ of which/whom” 結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的非

11、限制性定語從句友情提示：I have many friends, some of whom are teachers. _are teachers. _are teachers.Eg. 改正下句中的錯誤之處： 1.This is the teacher to whom we have learned a lot.2. I live in a room ,the windows of that face south.3.The old man had 3 sons, two of them died in the war.4.The colorless gas(氣體) which we cann

12、ot live is called oxygen.5.There are 60 students in our class, all of who get on well with each other.6.October1,1949 was the day which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.思考： 上面第六個句子中除了用on which之外還可用別的詞替換嗎？填上下面句子并比較二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：when where why October1,1949 was the day _ _ the Peoples Republic

13、 of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day_ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day _we will never forget. This is the school_ _ I used to work when young.This is the school_ I used to work when young.This is the school _ is famous in Zhangqiu. I dont know the reason

14、 _ _he is absent today.I dont know the reason _he is absent today.The reason _he told me is unbelievable. 歸納：1）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用 “_+_”來代替 2) 先行詞表示時間，地點，原因時，引導(dǎo)詞不一定就是when,where, why要看他們在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧ｊP(guān)系代詞在句中作_,_,_.關(guān)系副詞在句中作_.Eg: 詞排序組句子：1. the teacher the reason for class late why didnt he was believe _.2. I t

15、he place we met cant where forget for the first time_.3. Jinan I my birthday the day when went to was_.4. I three books the forst was given like I most which of _.5. a computer spent bought I money my I all which on_.三知識運用：請選你最喜歡的一個人（例如父母，同學(xué)，師長-），用英語寫三個定語從句，其中可以包括以下內(nèi)容：對人物的簡單介紹，喜歡該人物的理由例：The person w

16、hom I like is- She is a girl who is always - I can tell you the reason why -高考試題中，主要從以下角度考查定語從句：     定語從句的考點之一     正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that引出的定語從句功能強，除不能作定語(用whose)外，其它幾個功能都可用that。但命題角度主要以that與which指物時的區(qū)別為重點進行命制。例如： （1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is

17、 OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 選A。 （2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 選B。     定語從句的考點之二     正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞(that或which)與

18、關(guān)系副詞when(表時間)、where(表地點)、why(表原因)。重點根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分（即關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，使用關(guān)系副詞when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定語從句中作作主語、賓語或表語時，使用that或which。）來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，絕不能因先行詞是時間名詞就用when，是地點名詞就用where，是reason就用why來確定。因此，認(rèn)準(zhǔn)先行詞只是選擇關(guān)系詞的一個方面，更重要的是看其在后面定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分例如： （3）He should stand near the stage _ he

19、 could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there 選A。 （4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what 選B。 （5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 選D。     定語從句的考點之三  

20、;   當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，應(yīng)注意主謂語的一致性及被動語態(tài)問題。尤其要注意在考題中不用定語從句，而是用分詞短語作定語。例如： （6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 選D。 （7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at plat

21、form 7 is for Wuhan. （8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.     定語從句的考點之四     定語從句中不能再重復(fù)與先行詞有關(guān)的代詞或副詞。必須牢記定語從句中關(guān)系詞已經(jīng)替代先行詞并且在定語從句中已經(jīng)充當(dāng)其成分，故不能再用相關(guān)的代詞或副詞。例如： （8）He made another wonderful discovery,

22、 _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is 選B。 （9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years ago Athat；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；where Dthat；that 選D。 （10）There are dirty marks on her

23、trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. that B. which C. where D. when 選C。     定語從句的考點之五     對介詞后接關(guān)系代詞而不接關(guān)系副詞的考查；當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which", 指人則用"介詞+whom", 且兩個關(guān)系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個原則： 1.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動

24、詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定。 2.根據(jù)先行詞特殊用法而定。例如： （11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developed Afor which Bthat Cof which Dwhere 選A。 （12）Anyway, that evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. A. when B. where C. what D. whi

25、ch 選D。     定語從句的考點之六     關(guān)系代詞as的考查。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修飾的先行詞；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which則只能置于主句之后。但如果定語從句為否定句或表示否定意義，使用which。As引導(dǎo)的定性定語從句有"正如"之意，而which引導(dǎo)的沒有。 例如： （13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could n

26、ot work out. A. that B. which C. as D. even 選C。 （14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 選D。 （15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 選B。   &

27、#160; 定語從句的考點之七     解題時要注意題干的內(nèi)容和句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，（進行必要的語法分析，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。）再行答題。例如： （16）The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson. A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which 選B。 （17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always tre

28、asure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 選B。 （18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 選C。 （19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which 選 A （20）_is well-

29、known , Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 選C。 （21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 選B。     雖然定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，但只要從定語從句的形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上和用法上來分析理解和比較，就一定就能把握定語從句的用法?！具w移運用】練習(xí)：1.We shouldnt spend our money testing so m

30、any people, most of _are healthy. A. that B.which C. what D. whom2.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom3.Have you seen the film Titanic , _leading actor is world famous. A. its B. its C. whose D. which4.The United

31、 States is made up of fifty states, one of _is seperated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. A. them B. those C. which D. whose5. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _was beyond his wildest dram. A. which B. that C. where D. it 6.I drove to Jinan for the first air show last week. -

32、Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where7. Rencently I bought an ancient vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. its price C. the price of whose D. the price of which8.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn games and songs. A. then B. there C. wh

33、ile D. where9. All the passengers and suitcases _were still waiting on the broken-down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus. A. they B. who C. that D. which10. Just like a voyageat sea, our life journey, _days are limited, is full of difficulties.選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our s

34、chool yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore

35、 very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC.

36、 whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving

37、 for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard

38、.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the

39、police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this ma

40、tter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. wh

41、ichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could t

42、urn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. wh

43、o C. whomD. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _

44、windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during wh

45、ich timeD. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37

46、. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bough

47、t two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. whichB. whatC. itD. that43. During the week _

48、he tried to collect materials for his article.A. followingB. followedC. to followD. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. ItB. WhichC. AsD. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. and which wasD. wh

49、ich was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what48. He is absent _ is often the case.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.

50、A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who52. This is the only

51、 book _ I can find.A. thatB. whichC. itD. with which53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. isB. areC. has D. have55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A.

52、isB. areC. has D. have56. There was _ to prevent the accident.A. something could doB. anything we could doC. nothing we couldnt doD. nothing we英語定語從句常見錯誤例析一 . 誤用關(guān)系詞1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.分析：定語從句的先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞或代詞時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞不一定都是 when 或 where .關(guān)系詞的選擇主要取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。如果從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞而且其后沒有賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 作賓語。如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物動詞或者是后面已經(jīng)有了賓語的及物動詞，就用關(guān)系副詞。在句 1 和句 2 中，從句謂語動詞 spent 和 visit 都是及物動詞，而且后面又沒有賓語，所以應(yīng)分別將 when 和 where 改為 that 或 which .二 . 賓語重復(fù)1. As we all know it， the ea