基于印刷機(jī)滾筒的模態(tài)分析

1、有限元方法與分析課程結(jié)業(yè)論文論文題目 基于印刷機(jī)滾筒的模態(tài)分析 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及理論 姓 名 學(xué) 號(hào) 聯(lián)系方式 任課老師 印刷機(jī)滾筒的模態(tài)分析摘要：隨著科技的進(jìn)步，印刷技術(shù)也在日益提高，人們也在追逐高質(zhì)量，高效益，品種多樣化的印刷服務(wù)。印刷機(jī)的核心部件印刷機(jī)滾筒，其結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)性能對(duì)印刷工作特性有很大影響。運(yùn)行中的振動(dòng)問(wèn)題直接影響到印刷的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。本論文基于ANSYS軟件對(duì)某型印刷機(jī)滾筒優(yōu)化前后的模態(tài)分析。通過(guò)在PRO/E軟件下建立壓印滾筒的實(shí)體模型，將實(shí)體模型導(dǎo)入有限元分析軟件ANSYS中，用ANSYS對(duì)其進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，得到固有頻率和振型。從動(dòng)態(tài)特性上為靜態(tài)優(yōu)化結(jié)果提供了支持。根據(jù)不同尺寸的

2、滾筒都做出模態(tài)分析的結(jié)果得出了一些結(jié)論，為后續(xù)印刷機(jī)滾筒的改裝提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)理論依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞：印刷機(jī)滾筒；ANSYS；模態(tài)分析1 工作背景和工作原理滾筒是印刷機(jī)的核心部件，朝著輕量化的方向發(fā)展，其運(yùn)動(dòng)是旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，印刷機(jī)高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，其運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)性在很大程度上影響著印刷品質(zhì)量，印刷時(shí)產(chǎn)生的重影、墨桿、網(wǎng)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大、墨色不均等故障都與滾筒的動(dòng)態(tài)性能有關(guān)。造成印刷滾筒不平衡的原因很多，如滾筒質(zhì)量分布不均勻、滾筒在長(zhǎng)度方向上發(fā)生撓曲變形、壓印力沿滾筒軸向分布不均勻，滾筒兩端壓印力大，中間部位壓印力小所產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)等，因此對(duì)滾筒進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析對(duì)提高印刷品質(zhì)量有著重要的意義。2 理論分析并建立力學(xué)模型本實(shí)列以某四開膠

3、印機(jī)壓印滾筒為研究對(duì)象，建立有限元分析模型，運(yùn)用有限元軟件ANSYS對(duì)其進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，研究其振動(dòng)特性。由于滾筒受外力包括重力、齒輪扭矩、印刷壓力等。齒輪扭矩對(duì)滾筒撓曲變形產(chǎn)生的影響很小，可忽略不計(jì)，只考慮滾筒自身重力的作用。壓印滾筒通過(guò)滑動(dòng)軸承安裝在墻板孔中，因此可以將滾筒看成兩端約束的簡(jiǎn)支梁進(jìn)行完全約束。2.1 模型的幾何尺寸如下圖給出了印刷機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖，由圖可以知道印刷機(jī)滾筒主要由滾筒和中心軸組成。表1給出了各部件的幾何尺寸。表2 幾何尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)滾筒直徑中心軸直徑小孔直徑連接軸直徑側(cè)面壁厚代號(hào)D1D2D3D4B1數(shù)值04m0.12m0.07m0.08m0.012m結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)滾筒壁厚滾筒長(zhǎng)度

4、中心軸外段連接軸長(zhǎng)度小孔距離中心代號(hào)B2LL1L2L3數(shù)值0.015m2.4m0.1m0.08m0.1m圖1 印刷機(jī)滾筒的三視圖圖2 印刷機(jī)滾筒的三維圖2.2 單元的選擇及材料常數(shù)本實(shí)例采用三維的八節(jié)點(diǎn)SOLID185單元來(lái)模擬整個(gè)印刷機(jī)滾筒。滾筒的材料為45號(hào)剛，其彈性模量為2.1E11Pa,泊松比為0.3，密度為7850kg/m3.3 有限元程序開發(fā)和參數(shù)優(yōu)化3.1 建立模型用PRO/E軟件按照如表1的尺寸以及圖1的三視圖模型建立印刷機(jī)滾筒模型。將文件保存為IGES文件。如圖2所示。打開ANSYS軟件，通過(guò)File文件Import到入用PRO/E建立的IGES文件，即完成模型的建立。32

5、定義單元和屬性模型生成以后，接著在前處理的下拉菜單中進(jìn)行定義單元類型和材料類型，進(jìn)行任何有限元分析都必須選擇合適的單元類型，單元類型決定附加的自由度，對(duì)于印刷機(jī)滾筒，主要是研究其模態(tài)分析，在整個(gè)過(guò)程中更關(guān)心的是其振動(dòng)特性，因此選用實(shí)體單元SOLID185進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)離散。并且設(shè)置彈性模量（2.1E11Pa）、泊松比（0.3）和密度（7850kg/m3）。33 網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分 網(wǎng)格劃分的過(guò)程就是結(jié)構(gòu)離散化的過(guò)程，通常劃分的單元越多越密集，就越能反映實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)狀況，計(jì)算精度越高，計(jì)算工作量越大，計(jì)算時(shí)間增長(zhǎng)。為兼顧計(jì)算精度和計(jì)算效率，采用自動(dòng)劃分的方法進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分。利用軟件智能自動(dòng)給滾筒進(jìn)行劃分網(wǎng)格，網(wǎng)格精度

6、取Smart Size 5。網(wǎng)格劃分結(jié)果如圖3所示：圖3 印刷機(jī)滾筒的網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分后模型3.4 進(jìn)行靜力求解 由于壓印滾筒所受外力有多鐘。其中齒輪扭矩對(duì)滾筒撓度變形產(chǎn)生的影響很小，可以忽略不計(jì)，因而只考慮滾筒自身重力的作用。壓印滾筒通過(guò)滑動(dòng)軸承安裝在墻板孔中，因而可以將滾筒看出兩端約束的簡(jiǎn)支梁進(jìn)行完全約束。因而將求解類型設(shè)置成靜態(tài)求解，給連接軸的兩端施加約束，并對(duì)滾筒施加重力載荷進(jìn)而求解。3.5 進(jìn)行模態(tài)求解 通過(guò)設(shè)置求解類型為模態(tài)分析，并設(shè)置模態(tài)分析的一些參數(shù)，如設(shè)置模態(tài)提取數(shù)為5等并進(jìn)行求解。36 后處理查看滾筒的固有頻率，如圖4所示，并提取第每階固有頻率的振型如圖5、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9所

7、示。 圖4 印刷機(jī)滾筒固有頻率圖4 印刷機(jī)滾筒第1階模態(tài)振 圖5 印刷機(jī)滾筒第2階模態(tài)振型 圖6 印刷機(jī)滾筒第3階模態(tài)振型 圖7 印刷機(jī)滾筒第4階模態(tài)振型圖8 印刷機(jī)滾筒第5階模態(tài)振型 修改印刷機(jī)滾筒的參數(shù)：B2=0.013m;B1=0.05m;D2=0.12m。按上述方法重新做一遍便可得出印刷機(jī)滾筒的固有頻率和5階振型。如圖10、圖11、圖12、圖13、圖14、圖15所示。圖10 印刷機(jī)滾筒固有頻率圖11 印刷機(jī)滾筒第1階模態(tài)振型 圖12 印刷機(jī)滾筒第2階模態(tài)振型圖13 印刷機(jī)滾筒第3階模態(tài)振型 圖14 印刷機(jī)滾筒第4階模態(tài)振型圖15 印刷機(jī)滾筒第5階模態(tài)振型3.7 結(jié)果分析綜上分析，滾筒的

8、尺寸不一樣時(shí)，其固有頻率也有差異。但兩種不同尺寸的滾筒的振型沒(méi)有明顯變化。從上述模態(tài)振型圖可以看出，滾筒在前3階固有頻率下，振型主要是以中間梁的彎曲變形為主。而在后邊兩階是以中間梁和外筒的彎曲變形。從上述兩種不同尺寸的模態(tài)振型圖的結(jié)果對(duì)比可以得出，在修改滾筒的一些參數(shù)時(shí)，共振影響不大。但是從二者對(duì)比可以看出適當(dāng)減小滾筒厚度和內(nèi)梁直徑并增加側(cè)壁厚度的厚度是可行的。4 結(jié)語(yǔ)1） 使用ANSYS有限元分析軟件解決了傳統(tǒng)的模態(tài)分析問(wèn)題，作為一種新的設(shè)計(jì)手段，從動(dòng)態(tài)特性上為靜態(tài)優(yōu)化結(jié)果提供了支持。2） 驗(yàn)證了適當(dāng)減小滾筒厚度和內(nèi)梁直徑并增加側(cè)壁的質(zhì)量是可行的。參考文獻(xiàn)：1 張洪才，有限元分析ANSYS1

9、3.0從入門到實(shí)戰(zhàn)，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2012年4月，517頁(yè)。2張立新，ANSYS7.0基礎(chǔ)教程，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004年3月，244頁(yè)。3祝磊，ANSYS7.0入門與提高，清華大學(xué)出版社，2004年7月，379頁(yè)4杜亞男，印刷機(jī)的模態(tài)分析，包裝工程，510006,2011年8月，4頁(yè)5楊家華，印刷機(jī)振動(dòng)測(cè)試與分析，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，第30卷第1期，2004年5月，4頁(yè)。附件1（命令流）/NOPR ! Suppress printing of UNDO process /PMACRO ! Echo following commands to log FINISH ! Make sure we

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22、T /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/R

23、EP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.0822263849

24、2,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.0822

25、2638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,

26、0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.303974895465 , -0.93499

27、9895344 , 0.182686777393/ANG, 1, 47.0222603184 /REPLO /FOC, 1, -2993.07785030 , -6935.96177116 , 158.986428544/REPLO /FOC, 1, -2993.07902092 , -6935.96165429 , 158.985078868/REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.499202949220 , -0.862854521793 , -0.792369213859E-01/ANG, 1, 83.7599485712 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.671136689583

28、 , -0.567473681060 , -0.477021137058/ANG, 1, 104.728499750 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,F

29、AST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST, 1, 0.547889640061E-02 /ANG, 1, 133.528499750 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.846814285741 , -0.194392840420 , -0.495092909521/ANG,

30、1, 131.506813114 /REPLO /ANG,1,-30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,YS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,-30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /ANG,1,30,ZS,1 /REP,FAST /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, -0.725005893189 , -0.562974100963 , -0.396770231349/ANG, 1, 129.859269893 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.546763694962 , -0.732440476302 , -0.4056851

31、12552/ANG, 1, 134.842329241 /REPLO /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.339831015383 , -0.795054611276 , -0.502397299030/ANG, 1, 149.422222637 /REPLO SET,LIST,999SET, , ,3 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,SUM, 0,1.0/DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST

32、 /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /ZOOM,1,RECT,0.597549

33、,-0.128244 ,1.00643023606 ,-0.108206101956 /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, -0.895309168630 , -0.355273186869 , -0.268705145576/ANG, 1, 124.386127380 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.823349010166 , 0.488252689613 , 0.289319405751/ANG, 1, 127.185337877 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021

34、086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST SET,LIST,999SET, , ,4 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,SUM, 0,1.0/ZOOM,1,RECT,0.533411,-0.284542 ,-0.324436864408 ,-0.0200381670289 /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, -0.345900936836 , -0.

35、839273387561 , -0.419491028305/ANG, 1, 128.854215406 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.369195661989 , -0.913121218386 , -0.172928319549/ANG, 1, 106.438347345 /REPLO /ZOOM,1,RECT,0.216729,-0.396756 ,0.184659887881 ,-0.480916008694/VIEW, 1, -0.370985246955 , -0.914279270672 , -0.162675633582/ANG, 1, 105.140195013 /

36、REPLO /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, -0.174594752148 , -0.953904628332 , 0.244095539840/ANG, 1, 30.3510943299 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.111308972024 , -0.815663720400 , 0.567717366276/ANG, 1, 8.12945732606 /REPLO /ZOOM,1,RECT,0.252807,-0.380725 ,0.224746246329 ,-0.60916027768 /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER

37、, 1 /VIEW, 1, 0.892777808621E-01, -0.690107440169 , 0.718179085513/ANG, 1, -6.20271418698 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /FOC, 1, 1140.15836729 , 82.5399219788 , 20.7837828703/REPLO /DIST, 1, 1041.82895488 /ANG, 1, -1.4027

38、1418698 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1041.82895488 /ANG, 1, -1.40271418698 /LIG, 1,1, 1.000, 0.00000000000 , 0.00000000000 , 0.00000000000 , 0.00000000000 /REPLO /ZOOM,1,RECT,0.385092,0.428817 ,0.521385298844 ,0.364694639927 /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /DIST, 1, 1205.80674147 /ANG, 1, 4.89728581302 /REPLO /ZOOM,

39、1,RECT,0.256815,0.460878 ,0.332979414138 ,0.428816774419 /AUTO,1 /REP,FAST /USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, 0.570707897491E-01, 0.929958051205 , 0.363209234405/ANG, 1, -140.167003993 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1144.08184619 /ANG, 1, -159.667003993 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1016.20167081 /ANG, 1, -167.467003993 /REPLO /DIST,1,1.0822

40、2638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST, 1, 1043.87392729 /ANG, 1, -169.267003993 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 955.458324640 /ANG, 1, -170.167003993 /REPLO

41、/DIST, 1, 1277.91643155 /ANG, 1, -163.867003993 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1506.20525192 /ANG, 1, -151.267003993 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1645.58552799 /ANG, 1, -21.9670039930 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.491408888816E-01, 0.695819468809 , 0.716533627868/ANG, 1, -32.2511861613 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1494.35005857 /ANG, 1, -5.851186

42、16130 /REPLO /DIST, 1, 1703.80714444 /ANG, 1, -32.2511861613 /REPLO /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP

43、,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.180802016774 , 0.376828330687 , 0.908466311936/ANG, 1, -35.9656955071 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.345864090521 , -0.121796779243 , 0.930345943966/ANG, 1, -36.7744425564 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.323905437111 , -0.408219124805 , 0.853488379507/ANG, 1, -36.467023

44、6713 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.297045468730 , -0.284462352091 , 0.911507081569/ANG, 1, -37.5057161791 /REPLO SET,LIST,999SET, , ,5 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,SUM, 0,1.0/VIEW, 1, -0.433986630556 , -0.810664783986 , 0.393037164278/ANG, 1, -17.1999218344 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.17424

45、1070646 , 0.776760430952 , -0.605213418727/ANG, 1, 29.1623586916 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.256029986462 , 0.840102756574 , -0.478200799277/ANG, 1, 19.3032907387 /REPLO )/GOP ! Resume printing after UNDO process )! We suggest a save at this point /NOPR ! Suppress printing of UNDO process /PMACRO ! Echo foll

46、owing commands to log FINISH ! Make sure we are at BEGIN level /CLEAR,NOSTART ! Clear model since no SAVE found ! WE SUGGEST YOU REMOVE THIS LINE AND THE FOLLOWING STARTUP LINES /input,menust,tmp,'',1 /GRA,POWER /GST,ON /PLO,INFO,3 /GRO,CURL,ON/CPLANE,1 /REPLOT,RESIZE WPSTYLE,0/REPLOT,RESIZE

47、 /FILNAME,6,0/TITLE,6/FILNAME,7,0/TITLE,7/AUX15 !* IOPTN,IGES,SMOOTH IOPTN,MERGE,YES IOPTN,SOLID,YES IOPTN,SMALL,YES IOPTN,GTOLER, DEFA IGESIN,'xinmoxing','igs','.proeyouxianyuanzuoye' VPLOT !* FINISH /PREP7 !* ET,1,SOLID185 !* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,2.1e11 MPDATA,

48、PRXY,1,0.288MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,DENS,1,7850 SMRT,6 SMRT,5 MSHAPE,1,3D MSHKEY,0!* CM,_Y,VOLU VSEL, , , , 1 CM,_Y1,VOLU CHKMSH,'VOLU' CMSEL,S,_Y !* VMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* FINISH /SOL!* ANTYPE,0/USER, 1 /VIEW, 1, -0.422466028597 , 0.775588962245E-02, 0.90634557474

49、4/ANG, 1, -13.4566960390 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.550830938885 , -0.156902990237 , 0.819735767441/ANG, 1, -12.6393844723 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,