人教版選修七unit4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去完成進(jìn)行時

1、想起，考慮收到的來信極想，渴望多達(dá)，勝任不久前的一天偶然遇見說實(shí)話產(chǎn)生影響，起重要作用突出，伸出完成；打通（電話）；通過（考試）參加完全變干；干透在夜間干涸與有聯(lián)系使光滑愛上（某人）結(jié)束減弱，平息對進(jìn)行研究和結(jié)婚在困難中，在危急中支付費(fèi)用建立，創(chuàng)立，安排挨餓供養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)增加喜歡，想要；照顧，照料過去完成時 過去完成時(past perfect)表示發(fā)生在過去的兩個動作在前的那一個，它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去。 主語+had+過去分詞vpp.(done) 肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞. 否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞. 一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞? 肯定回答：Yes,

2、主語+had. 否定回答：No,主語+had not . 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？ 被動語態(tài)：主語+had（hadn't)+been+過去分詞 （1）表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即過去的過去?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。與過去完成時常用的時間狀語有： 1. by + 過去的時間點(diǎn) 2. by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn) 3. before/after + 過去的時間點(diǎn) （2）表示由過去的某一時

3、刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。 （3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過完。 （4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。 （5）過去完成時常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。 （6） 狀語從句：在時間，條件，原因，方式等狀語從句中 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 注意：如

4、果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因為 這 時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。 （7）表示意向的動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。 原本未能 （8）過完還可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 (9) It/that/this was/is+the first/

5、second times + (that)從句中 Eg. That was/is the first time she had/has been out with him. It was +一段時間+since從句 It was ten years since he had left China. 典型考題： The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had

6、 left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。 2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each

7、other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen; 練習(xí)： 1. How long _each other before they_ married? A. had they known, got B. have they known, get C. did they know, were going to get D. do they know, are going t

8、o get 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison _ to make a living by himself. A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. She _ Robert for a year. A. married B. married with C. has been married D. has been married to 4. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for about an hour. A. had gone B. h

9、ad been away C. had set off D. had left 5. Ill go with you as soon as I_ my work. A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished 6. Doctors _in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 7. We all agree that he was stronger than_. A. I looked B. I was looked C.

10、he looked D. he was looked 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. Do you think Sam will call his old teacher as soon as he_ in town? A

11、. will be arrived B. is arrived C. arrives D. will arrive 10. That dinner was the most expensive meal we_. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 11._got into the room,_the telephone rang. A. He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; that D. Not had he; when 12. Hardl

12、y _ the room _she left. A. Had I entered; than B.I had entered; when C. Had I entered; when D. did I enter; when 13. Tom_ into the house when no one looked. A. slipped B. had slipped C. has slipped D. slips 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時由“助動詞have/hasbeen+ -ing形式”構(gòu)成。用法如下： （1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常和for，sin

13、ce引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。 -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. 你好，特蕾西！你看上去很疲勞。 -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.我很累。我刷了一整天房子。 They have been living here for 10 years. 他們住在這里十年了。 （2）表示一個動作從過去某時開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時候剛結(jié)束。 I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大約一個小時了。(說話時"等"的動作剛結(jié)束) She has b

14、een working all night long.她工作了一夜。 （3）表示重復(fù)（只斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，而非一直不停） Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。 I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.我今天同好幾個朋友告了別。 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的比較 A. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或者在過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的動作；現(xiàn)在完成時往往表示仍將繼續(xù)下去的動作。 I have written an article.我寫了一篇文章。（已

15、完成） I have been writing an article.我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫） B.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示剛剛結(jié)束時，現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在不久以前持續(xù)進(jìn)行的情景，并帶有感色彩。 Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in .現(xiàn)在房子打掃好了，我們可以往里搬東西了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)打掃完了的結(jié)果） You look so tired. What have you been doing?你看起來很累，你干什么了？ I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（

16、強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前踢球的情景） 過去完成進(jìn)行時 過去完成進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某一時間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。過去完成進(jìn)行時由“助動詞had+ been+ v-ing”構(gòu)成。 （1）過去完成進(jìn)行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這一時間。這一動作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告訴我她己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。（仍繼續(xù)） She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她己經(jīng)等我一個鐘頭了。（不再繼續(xù)） He had

17、 been studying English before entering the college.他在上大學(xué)之前一直在學(xué)英語。 （2）表示反復(fù)的動作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況 You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應(yīng)。（感激） I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究這首詩。（我還沒懂）1 All the furniture in the building _ to the company not to his own. A. is belonged B belongs C. belon

18、g D are belonged 2. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B spoke, have forgotten C had spoken, had forgotten D had spoken, have forgotten 3. -We would have walked to the station. It was so near. - Yes, a taxi _ at all nece

19、ssary. A wasnt B hadnt been C wouldnt be D wont be 4. I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary arrives. A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out 5. He _ his leg when he _ in a football match. A broke, played B was breaking, was playing C broke, wa

20、s playing D was breaking, played 6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _. A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving 7. As she _ newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A read, was falling B was reading, fell C was reading , was falling D read, fall 8. -Do you

21、like the material? -Yes, it _ very soft. A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt 9. -Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something. - Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A never think, are going B never thought, were going C didnt think , were going D hadnt thought , were going10. -Youv

22、e agreed to go, so why arent you getting ready? -But I _ that you _ us to start at once. A dont realize, want B dont realize, wanted C havent realized, want D didnt realize, wanted 11. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 12. -_ the sports

23、 meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 13. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 14. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B

24、have met C met D meet 15. The cost of living _ by ten percent before the government took any action. A was going B went up C had gone up D has gone up 16. By the time new pupil _ enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson _. A had gathered was already ringing B was gatheri

25、ng had already rung C gathered already rang D would gather would already have rung 17. -Did you go to Beijing for vacation ? -I _ to go , but I got sick at the last minute. A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 18. -When will they leave ? -They _ very soon . A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 19. -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , he's _ it next week. A doing B to take C making D to give 20. -Are there going to be many people at your party to