高一英語課文知識點 - 杭十四中

1、課文知識點必修5UNIT 11.put forward 關(guān)于put的常用詞組有：put away收起放好 *Put your books away when you finish them.put down放下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓 *You should put down everything he said. *The rebellion was at last put down.put forward提出；撥快 *Are you serious in putting forward such a view.put forward a suggestion/plan/a new theory *Pu

2、t the clock forward by five minutes.put off 推遲 *They put off the picnic because of the rain. *We had to put off the meeting till next Monday. *Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.put on 穿上；上演put out 撲滅 *Put the fire out.put up 舉起；張貼；搭起；(留)過夜 *We put up for the night at a farmhouse. *Ca

3、n you put us up for the night?put up with忍受2.draw a conclusionconcludeA.vt.得出結(jié)論*What do you conclude from the facts?*The judge concluded that the prisoner was innocent.B.vt. vi.結(jié)束*He concluded his speech.*The meeting concluded after 3 hours.conclusion n.結(jié)論draw/come to/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論3.expert

4、n.專家 adj.經(jīng)過專門訓(xùn)練的 *He is an expert in engineering.=He is an engineering expert. *He is an expert engineer.4.attend Queen Victoria *attend a meeting/a conference/a lecture出席/參加attend a class/school上課/上學(xué) *Two doctors attended the patient.(照料/看護(hù))5.expose *Dont expose it to the sun.(暴露) *He exposed the c

5、rime in the newspaper.(揭露) *Dont expose the children to the infectious disease. (使受到危險) *They are exposed to the infectious disease. *the children (who are) exposed to the infectious disease(過去分詞作定語)6.cure vt.治愈 n.治療方法 *The medicine cured my fever. *The medicine cured me of my fever. *There is no ce

6、rtain cure for cancer. cure 和treat的區(qū)別 cure 表示“治愈”，treat只表示“治療”7.people dies every time there was an outbreak此處every time作連詞連接句子關(guān)于every time等作連詞的用法如下：A.every time/each time每次*She demands sweets every time she sees me B.(the) last time上次*(The)last time I went to see him, he happened to be out. C.next

7、time下次*Next time you come in, please knock at the door first. D.the first /second time第一/二次*The second time I went to see him, he happened to be out. =When I went to see him for the second time, he happened to be out. E.this/it is the first time(that) sb. have done*This is the first time I have been

8、 abroad. *This was the first time I had been abroad. F.for the first/second time作狀語用，不能連句子*Last year I went abroad for the second time.I thought him kind and honest _ I met him.A.for the first time B.the first time C.every time D.the last time8.absorb *Ozone absorbs heat from the sun. *The clever bo

9、y absorbed all that the teacher taught himbe absorbed in被吸引??；專注于 *He was absorbed in a book. *He is completely absorbed in his work.9.suspect v.懷疑，猜測 n.嫌疑犯*We suspected that it was a trick to get our money. *I suspect him to be a liar. =I suspect that he is a liar. *The office boy is the suspected t

10、hief. *The suspect is being questioned by the police10.blameblame用作及物動詞時,通常用于下面三個句型:A. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事 *Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.*He blamed me for his failure.*We blamed him for being late.*He was blamed for being

11、 late.B.blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到到某人身上*He blamed his failure on me.*The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack'. *It's no use blaming our defeat on him. C.be to blame (for)該(為)受責(zé)備。注意此處不能用被動語態(tài)。如:*The children were not to blame for the accident.*He is more to blame than you. *Who is to blame f

12、or starting the fire?*You are to blame for that.*He is the person who is to blame.*He is not the one to blame.*The mother didn't know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (NMET2002) A. who B. when C. how D. what*I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.(

13、2002上海)A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame11.suggest Suggest作“建議”解時，其賓語從句的謂語用should+原形或原形；作“表明/暗示”解時則賓語從句的謂語不受限制。 *I suggest we have the meeting at once. *I suggest the meeting be held at once.*John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examine

14、d.*The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. *The look on his face suggested that he was disappointed.12.apart from 除.之外(分別等于except 和besides)*Apart from that, all goes well.*Apart from English, we have other subjects.13.positive adj.確定的;積極的;正的 *There is positive proof that he did it. *

15、Im positive/sure that he did it.*What we need is positive thinking. *Positive suggestions will always be welcomed. *The positive sign is +. *The blood tests were positive.positive pole陽極，正極 positive的反義詞是negative(否定的,消極的,負(fù)的)14.be strict with和be strict inbe strict with sb.be strict in sth. *His parent

16、s are strict with him. *He is strict in his work.15.make sense vi.說得通，有意義，有道理, 被理解 *Your whole account of the incidents doesnt make sense. *No matter how you read it, this sentence doesnt make (any) sense. make sense of vt.理解，懂 *Can you make sense of what he said?16.with the planets going round it這是

17、with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語，作賓補(bǔ)的可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式以及分詞(ing和ed)等?，F(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納如下：A.with + n./pron. + 形容詞/副詞 *He wore a shirt, with the neck open. *With the noise so loud outside, I cant sleep. *With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.B.with + n./pron. + 介詞短語*He sat there with a smile on his

18、face.*Its a village with mountains around it.*He came in with a ball under his arm.C.with + n./pron. + 不定式 *With so much work to do, he could not go *With so many problems to solve, the newly-elected president had a hard time.D.with + n./pron. + 現(xiàn)在分詞*The street was quiet with no buses running.*With

19、him leading the way, I had no trouble finding the station.*With so many people watching me, I felt nervous.*With the room being decorated, it smells terrible.*I cant go on holiday with my mother being ill.*With Christmas approaching, shops became crowded.*With time going by(As time went by), I reali

20、zed my mistakes.E.with + n./pron. + 過去分詞 *The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.*With so many problems solved, the newly-elected president felt relieved.*He slept with all the windows closed.*The boy left with his homework unfinished.17.contribute vt. vi. 捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿*He contributed to th

21、e Red Cross.*He contributed $5 to the charity every payday.*He didnt contribute one idea to the discussion.*He contributed an article to the Daily Post.*He often contributes to the magazine.contribute to 經(jīng)常作“有助于，導(dǎo)致”解*Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.*His carelessness contributed to the

22、 accident.*His singing will contribute greatly to the success of the party.*Bad eating habits contributed to his illness. make a contribution 做貢獻(xiàn)Useful expressionsphysical characteristics 身體特征scientific research 科學(xué)研究infectious diseases 傳染病solve the problem 解決問題be determined to do 決心做look into 調(diào)查soon

23、 afterwards 之后不久slow down 慢下來，減緩die of 死于make a suggestion 提建議make a plan 制定計劃make a speech 發(fā)表演講make a change 做出改變make a investigation 進(jìn)行調(diào)查make a decision 做決定make a contribution 做貢獻(xiàn)make a noise 發(fā)出響聲make a description 進(jìn)行描述make a face 做鬼臉make friends 交朋友make money 賺錢make dinner 做飯make sure 確保make the

24、bed 鋪床make room for 給讓地方make ones way to 向走去make up ones mind 下決心lead to 導(dǎo)致UNIT 21.consist of和make upmake up(vt.)組成，構(gòu)成consist of =be made up of由組成/構(gòu)成 *Women make up 60 percent of the workers in this factory. *Different qualities make up a persons character. *Nine players make up a team. *Fifty stude

25、nts make up the class. 在上述句子中不能用consist of，只有當(dāng)上述句子改為被動后才能換成consist of。 *60 percent of the workers in this factory are made up of women.=60 percent of the workers in this factory consist of women.*A persons character is made up of different qualities. =A persons character consists of different qualit

26、ies.*A team is made up of nine players. =A team consists of nine players.*The class is made up of fifty students.=The class consists of fifty students. *How many countries does the UK consist of?=How many countries is the UK made up of?所以，consist of無被動態(tài)，也不能用進(jìn)行時，而make up是及物的，它的被動形式是be made up of。在用分詞

27、做定語時，consist of用現(xiàn)在分詞，be made up of用過去分詞。 *a team consisting of nine players=a team made up of nine players2.divide *The children are dividing the cake.*Lets divide the class into four groups.*The class is divided into four groups. *Lets divide the work between/among us. divideinto把分成 divide sth. bet

28、ween/among sb.在某人中分某物separatefrom把和分開比較：*Please divide the apples into two parts.*Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.The apple was _ into two.We _the money equally.Oxygen can be _ from water.The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian.The two boys are fighting. Go and _ them.3.you find Wal

29、es included as well注意下列句中include正確形式的選用: *Many people were injured, including two children.= Many people were injured, two children included.*All of us laughed, including me.=All of us laughed, me included4.break away(from)A.突然掙脫或逃掉B.斷絕往來，脫離，和決裂C.改掉(習(xí)慣), 破除(舊做法) *The criminal broke away from the pol

30、iceman who was holding him. *He tried to break away from me. *The southern states wanted to break away from the union. *You should break away from these bad habits. break down壞掉，垮掉 *The engine broke down. *Our car broke down halfway *His health broken down.5.creditcredit card信用卡 *It takes 124 credit

31、s to graduate.(學(xué)分)to ones credit值得贊揚(yáng)的是，對某人有利的是 *It is greatly to your credit that you have passed such a difficult examination.6.the four countries do work together助動詞do/does/did除用來構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句外，還可用于肯定句或祈使句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，譯作 “的確，確實，務(wù)必”.*He does speak fluent English.*He did attend the lecture that day.*Do be quiet

32、.7.for convenience為方便起見 *I keep my dictionary near my desk for convenience. *The house has all modern conveniences. convenience food方便食品 convenience store便利店 convenient adj.方便的，便利的 *When would it be convenient for you to begin? *Come whenever it is convenient to you.切記:convenient 不能以人作主語，如不能說when yo

33、u are convenient(當(dāng)你方便的時候)，而必須說when it is convenient to you. *Will Monday be convenient for you? *Lets meet at a convenient place.8.rough adj. *The surface is not smooth; its rough.(粗糙) *Dont be so rough with him.(粗野) *Boxing is a rough sport. *The sea was rough.(波濤洶涌) *Its just a rough plan.(粗略的,大概的

34、) roughly adv.粗略地，大致 *Ill tell you roughly what I think of it. *_ speaking, about 300 people attended the meeting. A. Generally B. Roughly C. Frankly9.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, .those 可代替前面出現(xiàn)的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如果是特指的單數(shù)名詞，則用that代替。*The book on the desk is more inter

35、esting than that under the desk. *The books on the desk are more interesting than those under the desk.*The population in Shanghai is larger than that in Hangzhou.*The students in their class is cleverer than those in our class.10.leave out遺漏，漏掉；刪去 *You made a spelling mistake you left out the lette

36、r t. *Your name is not in the list. Youve been left out. *This sentence is useless, Leave it out. 有時可解釋“放在外面” *Dont leave your bike out at night.11.quarrel vi. n.爭吵quarrel with sb. about sth. *They are quarreling now. *They are quarreling about money. *He sometimes quarrels with his brother. *What w

37、as the cause of their quarrel?12.alike adj.(只用作表語)一個樣子，模樣相同*He and his brother are exactly alike. *The two buildings are alike in size and shape. *All music is alike to him. *The two twins are so alike that I cant tell which is which. adv.同樣地，一視同仁地 *He treats everyone alike. *They are dressed alike.

38、13.take the place of代替，接替 *Whos taking my place in my absence? *Plastics have taken the place of many materials. take place(vi.)舉行，發(fā)生 *Great changes have taken place in my hometown. *The wedding will take place next Saturday.14.fold vt.折疊，合攏(雙手、翅膀等) *He folded the paper and put it into his pocket. *

39、The blanket was folded up and put in the box. *The paper must be folded in half. *The little child folded her hands in prayer. *A bird folds its wings.14.arrange A. arrange sth.安排 *I will arrange everything. *I have arranged a car for you. *The meeting was arranged for May 10. B. arrange( for sb.) t

40、o do sth.安排 *Martin arranged to meet him next week. *Ive arranged for a car to pick you up at the airport. C.整理 *Please arrange the books on the desk. arrangement n.15.available adj.找得到/買得到/可得到 *The doctor is not available now. *The new product is available everywhere. *There are no tickets availabl

41、e for Fridays concert.16.delight vt.使高興 n.高興，喜悅 *His performance delighted everyone. *His performance was delightful (delighting). *Everyone was delighted with his performance. *I have read your letter with delight.17.remain standing仍然站著remain可作系動詞，可跟： *They remained good friends.(名詞) *It remained a

42、 mystery how he died. *Most shops here remain open till midnight.(形容詞) *The door remained closed.(過去分詞) *The work remained unfinished. *They remained listening.(現(xiàn)在分詞) *Whether it is good remains to be seen.(不定式被動)18.the man should have lived in London Should此處表示“竟然，居然” *It seems so unfair that this

43、should happen to me. *It is strange that such near neighbors should not know one another. *I cant understand why he should have said this.Useful expressionsPrime Minister 首相for convenience 為方便起見be known as 作為而出名on the phone 在電話里on special occasions 在特殊場合in memory of 為紀(jì)念have a photo taken 拍照on show 在

44、陳列中，在展出fall asleep 入睡UNIT 31.Below are some of the main aspects這是一句倒裝句。表示地點的介詞短語和副詞在句首，句子常用倒裝句。例: *Here/Below are some of the examples.*In front of the building is a big tree. *On the wall hangs a beautiful picture. *Before us lies a bright future. *Before them lay a great hope. *Beyond the hill sta

45、nds an ancient temple.2.aspect n.方面 *We are considering the plan in all its aspects. *Its only one aspect of the problem.3.take up this prize接受這個獎 *When did you drop medicine and take up physics?(開始學(xué)習(xí)某門課程) *I wont take up much of your time.(占用時間) *The meeting took up the whole morning. *The table ta

46、kes up too much room.(占用空間) *Do you intend to take up his offer of a job?(接受)4. previous adj.前一；以前的 *the previous year/month/day/morning,the previous page/lesson *His previous attitude towards it was wrong.5.guide vt.引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)；n.向?qū)?，?dǎo)游;指南 *He guided me to the station. *He guided the lost tourist back to

47、the hotel. *We set out with Tom acting as the guide. *You need a guide to show you around the city. *This is a guide to the Palace Museum.6.some green tablets which helped a lothelp和work一樣,可作“有幫助,有用，有效果”解釋 *This medicine doesnt work/help. *Your advice works well/helps a lot.7.tolerate vt.忍受 *I cant

48、tolerate the loud noise. *How can you tolerate that rude fellow? 表示“忍受”的還有stand, bear, put up with.8.lack A.vt.*I dont seem to lack anything. *What you lack is confidence. *He doesnt lack money. B.n.(和of連用)*For lack of money, they cant afford the big house.*The plants died because of (a) lack of wat

49、er.*A lack of food caused her to become weak.9.I felt better in no time. in no time立刻,馬上 *Ill be back in no time. in no time不是否定詞組，在句首時句子不能倒裝，但at no time (在任何時候都不，絕不)是否定詞組，在句首時句子要倒裝。 *At no time should you give up hope. *At no time will I forgive him.10.press vt.按，擠；壓 *Press the button to start the

50、engine. *These two pieces of paper will stick if you press them together. *He got the juice from grapes by pressing them. *When the car started, we felt pressed against the back of the seat.11.lose sight of和catch sight ofcatch sight of看到，發(fā)現(xiàn)lose sight of 看不見 *If you catch sight of William, ask him to

51、 come. *I lost sight of Smith in the crowd.12.“we reached what looked like a large market”(我們到了看上去像個大市場的地方)“into the future of what was still my hometown” what的其他類似的句子 *We arrived at what is Boston now.*I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”(必修二Unit 2) *They spoke what we didnt understand. *I wai

52、ted for what seemed a long time. *He is writing with what looks like a vide the room withprovide A with B=provide B for A向A提供B *We provided them with food and clothes. *The Internet provides us with information. *We have been provided with what we want. *Can you provide tents for the c

53、ampers?=Can you provide the campers with tents? offer A B=offer B to A14.fall fast asleep熟睡15.desert n.沙漠；adj.荒蕪人煙的 *Camels are useful tools in the desert. *He lived on the desert island for many years.16.environmentally friendly環(huán)保的 也可說environment-friendly17.material n.材料，資料，物質(zhì)，布料 *Here is a good re

54、ading material. *The price of building materials has gone up. *He is collecting materials for his article. *Her dress is made of a woolen material.Useful expressionsmake notes 做筆記in one thousand years time 一千年以后in all directions 朝四面八方in no time 立刻，馬上catch sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看到fall (fast) asleep 入睡（熟睡）overcome the difficulties 克服困難a period of time 一段時間for health reasons 因健康原因bend the rules 通融under repair 在修理中desert island 荒島a boarding school 寄宿學(xué)校show sb. around 帶某人參觀clear ones mind 排除雜念environmentally friendly 環(huán)保的UNIT 41.involve vt.牽涉;涉及;包括*This pr