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1、高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。其中,當(dāng)先行詞是人時,who, whom, whose, that; 先行詞是物時,that, which, whose
2、160; 關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用:A、引導(dǎo)定語從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。例如: Harry Potter is the boy who has magic power. 該句中,who has magic power 是定語從句,修飾先行詞the boy, “who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞,代替先行詞the boy,在定語從句中作主語。(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are
3、 playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須
4、在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。2whom 指人,在定語從句中做賓語,??墒÷?。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談?wù)摰哪莻€人。The girl ( whom ) the teacher oft
5、en praises is our monitor. 老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個女孩是我們的班長。 注意:關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中??捎脀ho 來代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old fr
6、iend.3Which 指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語,做賓語時??墒÷?。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造計算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。4That 指人時,相
7、當(dāng)于who 或whom;指物時,相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時??墒÷?。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬。The person that /whom you
8、160;introduced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個人很友好。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。5Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語。He has a friend
9、 whose father is a doctor. 他有一個爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物時,常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替:The classroom whose door is broken
10、0;will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 6. 關(guān)系代詞總結(jié)主語賓語(that可省略)定語指人WhoThatWhom(優(yōu)先)WhoThatWhose(of whom)指物WhichThatWhichThatWhose(of which)指人和物ThatThatWhose(三)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代
11、詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。Tomorrow Ill bring
12、;here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。注意:若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom,不可用who, that;關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which,不可用that。
13、關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.
14、0; (誤)(四)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 when 指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。 &
15、#160; Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎?2 where 指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。Shanghai is the
16、160;city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。3 why 指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。Please tell me the reason wh
17、y you missed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。 注意:關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)??梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如: Great cha
18、nges are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。 The reason why / for which he refused the invi
19、tation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。 (五)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 形式上:不用逗號“,”意義上:是先行詞不可缺少的定語,如刪除,句子意思改變。譯法上:譯成先行詞的定語:“的”關(guān)系詞的使用上:A作賓語時可省略
20、60; B可用that C可用who 代替whom非限制性定語從句形式上:用逗號“,”與主句隔開。意義上:只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明,如刪除,主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思,意思不變。譯法上:通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上:A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whom I love my mother, who works in a bank. 為何必須要加逗號? The food wh
21、ich was not in the fridge all went wrong. The food, which was not in the fridge, all went wrong.翻譯1:沒放到冰箱里的食物都壞了。(暗示冰箱里的食物是完好的) 2:食物都壞了,因為沒放到冰箱里。主干是食物壞了,非限定從句部分是原因狀語,不屬于主干 例如:The drivers who know the traffic jam change their way. The drivers, who know the traffic jam, change their way. 翻譯1:知道前面有堵車的司
22、機(jī)都繞路了(暗示有些司機(jī)不懂,沒繞路) 2:這些司機(jī)全都繞路了,因為他們知道前面堵車。(非限定性表示原因狀語)限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時,或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, mu
23、ch等代詞修飾時。如:Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎?He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如:The
24、 first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。3當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。4當(dāng)先行詞被the very, t
25、he only修飾時。如:This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后
26、,那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。5當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如:Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個人是誰?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身?6當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如:They talked about
27、 the persons and things that they remembered at school 他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的 毛驢。 (六)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的
28、選擇 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用(即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑T嚤容^:A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。 I know a place which / that i
29、s famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一個以自然景 色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起 度假的日子。
30、60; I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的日子。C. This is the reason why he was fired.
31、60; 這就是他被解雇的原因。 This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 這就是他向我解
32、釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。 (七)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1定語從句修飾限定先行詞,它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。 The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. (定語從句) 剛剛起飛的那架飛機(jī)是開往巴黎的。
33、0; The fact that he has already died is quite clear. (同位語從句) 他已經(jīng)去世了,這個事實(shí)很明了。2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)??墒÷?。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo),在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分; The news
34、60;that he told me is true. (定語從句) 他告訴我的消息是真的。 The news that he has just died is true. (同位語從句) 他剛剛?cè)ナ懒?,這個消息是真
35、的。 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定語從句) 我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是如何籌集這么多資金。 The problem&
36、#160;that we cant collect so much money is difficult to solve. (同位語從句) 我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金,這個問題很難解決。 歷屆高考英語單項選擇題定語從句精選1. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom
37、 B.whom C.of whose D.whose2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that3. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom4. The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could e
38、xpect.A.what B.which C.that D.it5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when6. Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A.which priceC.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of whose9. _ has already
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