2022年英語詞匯學(xué)教程

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載英 語詞匯學(xué)教 程 （2004 年版） 練習(xí) 答案chapter 1 7. choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j.

2、beaver: girl 8. give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. categorize the following bo

3、rrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband aliens: confrere, pro patria, wunderkind, mikado, parvenu translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see semantic loans: dream chapter 2 1. why should student

4、s of english lexicology study the indo-european language family? the indo-european language family is one of the most important language families in the world. it is made up of most of the languages of europe, the near east and india. english belongs to this family and the other members of the indo-

5、european have more or less influence on english vocabulary. knowledge of the indo-european language family will help us understand english words better and use them more appropriately. 2. make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - -

6、- - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載indo-european language family balto-slavic indo-iranian celtic italian hellenic germanic roumanian hindi breton spanish greek english lithuanian persian scottish french swedish prussian irish italian german polish portuguese norweigian slavenia

7、n icelandic russian danish bulgarian dutch 6. here is a text chosen from the declaration of independence. “when in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separ

8、ate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”pick out all the words of greek or latin origin from the text and see of what origin are the

9、 words left. what insight does this exercise give you with reference to the borrowings from greek and latin? “when in the courseof human events , it becomes necessaryfor one peopleto dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth sepa

10、rate and equal station to which the laws of natureand of natures god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requiresthat they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation . ”most of the content words are either of greek or latin origin. what are left are mostly fun

11、ctional words. this shows that greek and latin play a very important part in the english vocabulary. 8. tell the different elements that make up the following hybrids. eventful latin + english falsehood latin + english saxophone german + greek joss house portuguese + english hydroplane greek + latin

12、 pacifist latin + greek heirloom french + english television greek + latin 9. put the following french loan words into two groups, one being early borrowings and the other late ones. amateur (late) finac (late)empire (early) peace (e) courage (e) garage (l) 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

13、- 第 2 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載judgement (e) chair (e) chaise (l) grace (e) servant (e) routine (l) jealous (e) savat (l)genre (l) gender (e) dbut (l)morale (l) state (e) chez (l) ballet (l) 11. match the italian musical terms with the proper definitons. allegro, f. in fast tempo輕快andante,

14、j. in moderate tempo行板diminuendo, g. decreasing in volume漸弱largo, d. in a slow stately manner緩慢pianoforte, a. soft and loud輕轉(zhuǎn) 強alto, i. lowest singing boice for woman女低音crescendo, b. increasing in volume漸強forte, e. loud強piano, h. soft輕soprano, c. highest singing voice for women女高音12. look up these w

15、ords in a dictionary to determine the language from which eachhas been borrowed. cherub (hebrew) coolie (hindi) lasso (sp) shampoo (indian) tepee (am ind) kibitz (g) chipmunk (am ind) cotton (arab) loot (hindi) snorkel (g) tulip (turk) wok (ch) chocolate (mex) jubilee (gr) sabbath (heb) tamale (mex)

16、 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載voodoo (afr) sauerbraten (g) 13. here is a menu of loan words from various sources. choose a word to fill in each space. a. a crocodile much resembles an _ in appearance. b. “ to give up a young lady like that,” said

17、andy. “ a man would have to be plumb _. c. there was a big increase this summer in the number of competitors in calf roping at the annual _ held in three forks. d. this duke ranch we have developed has done well so far, but it promises next year to be a real _ , enough to make us all rich. e. some e

18、skimos build a winter shelter from snow called an _. f. the germans perfected a type of motorized attack in the second world war that they called a _. g. the algonquin indian in eastern and central north america lived in a domed shelter they called a _. h. columbus in 1493 used a carib indian word _

19、 to describe the small boats the native used. i. in the west indies the local name fro a violent tropical cyclone is a _. j. the australian aborigines use a throwing stick that they call a _. k. “ look like rain, boy,” sang out luke. “ better get out your _.”a. alligator b. loco c. rodeo d. bonanza

20、e. igloo f. blitzkrieg g. wigwam h. canoe i. hurricane j. boomerang k. panchos chapter 3 1. write the term in the blanks accoding to the definitions. a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( ) c. a moepheme that occurs with at least one other mo

21、rpheme ( ) d. a morpheme that can stand alone ( ) e. a morpheme attached to a base, stem or root ( ) f. an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( ) g. an affix that forms new words with a base, stem or root ( ) h. what ratains of a word after the removal of all affies ( ) i. that part of a

22、 word that can take inflectional affixes ( ) j. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( ) a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base 3. individualistic individualist + ic stem, base individual +

23、 ist stem, base 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載individu + al stem, base in + dividu root, stem, base undesirables un + desirable stem, base desir + able root, stem, base 4. organize the following terms in a tree diagram to show their logical relatio

24、nships. affix morpheme derivational affix free root bound root inflectional affix prefix free morpheme bound morpheme suffix morpheme free morpheme = free root - bound morpheme bound root - affix inflectional affix - derivational affix prefix - suffix chapter 4 affixation 5. form negatives with each

25、 of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. non-smoker disobey immature unwillingness illogical non-athletic incapable insecurity inability/disability illegal disloyal unofficially disagreement inconvenient impractical irrelevant 6. turn the following

26、nouns and adjectives into verbs with en, -ify, -ize and then choose them to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. harden memorize deepen lengthen fatten horrify falsify glorify intensify sympathize modernize apologize sterilize beautify a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathi

27、zed e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. sterilize 7. each of the following sentences contains a word printed in italics. complete the sentence by using this word to form a noun to refer to a person. a. if you are employed by a company, you are one of its _. b. a _ is someone whose job is politics.

28、 c. the _ in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d. a woman who works as a _ does the same job as a waiter. e. the person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _. f. your _ is the person who teaches you. g. a _ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano. h. if s

29、omeone examnines you, you are the _ and he or she is the _. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner 8. match colume a with colume b and give two exam

30、ples for each. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculture super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobile sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = befor

31、e: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer compounding 2. analyse the following compound words and explain their internal grammatical relationship. heartbeat s + v movie-goer place + v far- reaching v + adv lion-hearted adv + a boyfriend s + complement snap decision v + o on-c

32、oming v +adv brainwashing v + o baking powder v +adv dog-tired adv + a love-sick adv + a peace-loving v +o easy chair a + n tax-free adv +a light-blue a + a goings-on v +adv 4. form compounds using the following either as the first or the second element of the compound as indicated and translate the

33、 words into chinese. well-bred / well-behaved, needle work / homework, bar-woman / sportswoman, clear-minded / strong-minded, self-control / self-respect, water-proof / fire-proof, news-film / news-letter, sister-in-law / father-in-law, half-way / half-done, age-conscious / status-conscious, culture

34、-bound / homebound, praiseworthy / respectworthy, nation-wide / college-wide, military-style / newstyle, budget-related / politics-related, once-fashionable / once-powerful, mock-attack / mock-sadness, home-baked / home-produced, ever-lasting / ever-green, campus-based / market-based conversion 7. p

35、ick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and tell 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載how they are converted. a. we can t stomach such an insult. b. robert acheson roomed right next to me. c. he wolfed down his lunch d.

36、there is no come and go with her. e. i m one of his familiars. f. poor innocents! g. she flatted her last note. h. the engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines. i. come to the fire and have a warm. j. is bill jackson a has-been or a might-have-been? k. he hamleted at the chance and then he regr

37、etted for it. l. these shoes were an excellent buy. m. he turned his head and smoothed back the hair over one temple. a. stomach n vb. room n v c. wolf n vd. come/go v n e. familiar a nf. innocent a n g. flat a n h. ah / ouch int v i. warm a nj. has-been / might-have-been finite v n k. hamlet proper

38、 n vl. buy v nm. smooth a v blending analyse the blends and translate them into chinese. motel (motor + hotel) 汽車旅館humint (human + intelligence) 諜報advertisetics (advertisement + statistics) 廣告 統(tǒng)計學(xué)psywarrior (psychological warrior) 心理 戰(zhàn)專 家hoverport (hovercraft + port) 氣墊 船碼頭chunnel (channel + tunnel)

39、 海峽隧道hi-fi (high + fidelity) 高保 真錄 音設(shè)備cinemactress (cinema + actress) 電影女演 員clipping restore the full forms of the following words and see how these clipped words are formed. copter (helicopter) ab (laboratory) gas (gasoline) scope (telescope) sarge (sergeant) ad (advertisement) dorm (dormitory) pre

40、fab (prefabricated house) prof (professor) champ (champion) mike (microphone) 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載tec (detective) acronymy 2. what do the short forms stand for? kg = kilogram cm = centimeter ibid = ibidem ft = foot $ = dollar etc. = et ce

41、tera cf = confer vip = very important person opec = organization of petroleum exporting countries toefl = teaching of english as a foreign language 3. choose a word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. a. there was a wide coverage of the _ talks in the press. b. there are enemy aircraft on t

42、he _ screen. c. _ is still an incurable disease. d. if one knows _ language, one will find it easy to learn how to use computers. e. _ has long been applied to surgery in medicine. f. _ is an international agency of the united nations which is concerned with improving health standards and services t

43、hroughout the world. g. passive _ listens for noises emanating from a submarine. h. the person who works for the federal bureau of investigation is called a _. a. salt b. radar c. aids d. basic e. laser f. who g. sonar h. g-man backformation 2. give the original words from which the following words

44、are back-formed. lase (laser) escalate (escalator) babysit (babysitter) peeve (peevish) orate (orator) commute (commuter) commonization of proper names study the following sentences and pick out the words which used to be proper names and explain the meanings in relation to their origins. a. tantali

45、zetantalus b. argus-eyedargus c. narcissism narcissus d. sabotagesabots e. martinetmartinet f. yahoo yahoo g. shylockshylock h. hooveringhoover 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載i. utopia utopia j. uncle tommismuncle tom chapter 5 6. match the words in

46、 colume a with those in colume b. a b apes b cattle m doves c geese k wolves g pigs l turkeys d birds a cricket n foxes j sheep f monkeys e hyenas h swans i 9. a. a scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic ”, su

47、ch as “benefit, energy”, etc. b. a japanese resident of hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end of world war ii, might have all the negative associations with “atomic ”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror, etc. c. to a student of nuclear physics, “atomic ” might be associated wi

48、th “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc.10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative) rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ide

49、as (negative) fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive) mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (negative) 11. no appreciative neutral pejorative 1 particular fastidious / fussy 2 critical fault-finding / picky 3 style/vogue fad 4 artful cunning / sly 5 unstable fick

50、le / capricious 6 developing underdeveloped / backward 7 encourage / promote instigate 8 group clique / gang 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載14. bull human + male + adult + bovine cow human male + adult + bovine calf human + male - adult + bovine roo

51、ster human + male + adult + galline hen human male +adult +galline chicken human + male + adult + galline human bull cow calf +bovine rooster hen chicken +galline + male male + adult chapter 6 polysemy board a piece of timber table dining table council table food served at the table; councilors; com

52、mittee; meal supplied by the week or month directors of a company homonymy 4. 1) make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meetwhich means “have enough money for one s needs ”. here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonymsmeat and meet to make a pun. it makes a proper answer to the lad

53、ys question. (1) butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (if they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.) (2) don t complain. all the butchers do the same. i am not the on

54、ly one who is making sausages with bread. 2) swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. but by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. on a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm. 3) armshas two meanings

55、: weapons; the human upper limbs. since “a cannon ball took off his legs”, the soldier was not able to fight on, so he“l(fā)aid down his arms”, which means “surrender ”. it can also mean he laid down his upper limbs.synonymy 3. avaricious: greedy courteously: politely emancipate: set free customary: usu

56、al width: breadth adversary: opponent gullible: deceived remainder: residue innocent: sinless 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載obstacle: obstruction vexation: annoyance 5. a. identifiable b. safety c. motivates d. delicate e. surroundings f. artifici

57、al g. prestige h. perspire i. accomplishment j. silent k. impressive l. evaporate 6. run move spin turn whirl roll 7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. ripe d. mature e. effective f. efficient g. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declined j. refused k. rancid l. addled m. penalties n. fines o. rebuked p. ac

58、cused antonymy 5. a. similar / same b. safe c. sharp / smart d. send e. stingy / selfish f. significant / sensible g. skeptical / suspicious h. simple i. sure j. slipshod / slovenly / sloppy k. sleepiness / sleep / slumber 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)

59、必備歡迎下載l. smooth m. subjective n. sob / scowl 6. a. old-fashioned b. completely c. moisture d. special e. essential f. similarity g. innocent h. rigid i. loosen j. clarity k. deserted l. fruitful m. peremptory n. depressed o. indifferent 7. a. feedstarve, cold-fever b. wisdomfollies c. haste leisure

60、d. penny pound, wisefoolish e. speech silence f. absencepresence g. admonishpraise h. young old i. wise menfools saintdevil j. mind body k. foul fair l. danger security m. deliberate-prompt n. childrenparents o. bully coward p. head tail 8. right wrong dry sweet strong faint light dark high low / de