2022年虛擬語氣的用法及經(jīng)典練習(xí)題(附答案)(2)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載虛擬語氣概念虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想， 而不表示客觀存在的事實， 所說的是一個條件， 不肯定是事實， 或與事實相反； 虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特別形式來表示； 英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類；應(yīng)用條件在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現(xiàn)的情形時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或某種劇烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣；即當(dāng)一個人說話時欲強(qiáng)調(diào)其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，而不是依據(jù)客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣；在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句；非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情形

2、，故采納虛擬語氣；例： if he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.假如他不快點，他 將錯過巴士；真實 if he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.假如他是閑暇的，他會要求我講故事；（真實）if i were you, i would go at once.假如我是你， 我立刻就會去； （非真實， 虛擬語氣） if there were no air, people would die. 假如沒有空氣，人就會死亡； （非真實，虛擬語氣）用法及動詞形式從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反if+ 主語 +did（ be

3、 動詞 were ）主語 +should/would/ could/might+do與過去事實相反if+ 主語 +had done主語 +should/would/ could/might+have done與將來事實相反1.if+主語 +did 2.if+主語 +were to 3.if+主語 +should主語 +should/would/ could/might+do例句：1、 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情形：例： 1.ifiwere you,iwouldtake an umbrella.假如我是你，我會帶把傘；（事實：我不行能是你）2.ifi knew his telephone numbe

4、r, i would tell you.假如我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告知你； （事實：不知道）3.if there were no air or water, there would beno livingthingson theearth.假如沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物； 事實：地球上既有空氣也有水4.if i had any money with me, i could lend yousome.假如我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些；（事實：沒帶錢）5.if he studied harder, he might pass the exam.假如他再努力些，就能通過考試了；（事實： 沒有努

5、力）2、表示與過去事實相反的情形例： 1.ifi had gottenthere earlier,i should/couldhave met her.假如我早到那兒，我就會見到她；（事實：去晚了）2.if he had taken my advice, he would not have made such amistake.假如他聽我的勸說的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了；（事實：沒有聽我的話）3、 表示對將來情形的主觀估計，與將來事實相反例：1.ifhe shouldcomehere tomorrow, i should/would talk to him.假如他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劊?/p>

6、 （事實：來的可能性很小） 2.if there were a heavy snow next sunday, we would not go skating.假如下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了； （事實： 不知能否下雪） 3.if she were to be there next monday, i would tell her about the matter.假如她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告知她這件事的始末；4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作如不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整；從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符；如：i

7、f i had worked hard at school, i would be an engineer, too.假如我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會成為一個工程師了if they had informedus, we would not come here now.假如他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符；如：ifhe were free today, we would have sent him to beijing.假如他今日有空的話， 我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了；ifhe knew her,he wouldha

8、ve greetedher.要是他熟悉她的話，他確定會去問候她了；5、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時， if可以省略，這時條件從句要用 倒裝語序 ，即將 were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語；如：should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去；were she here, she would agree with us.假如她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的；had he learntaboutcomputers,we would have hired

9、 him to work here.假如他懂一些電腦學(xué)問的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了；6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情形下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without ., but for . 等如：but for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫忙，我 們?nèi)詴诠ぷ髂?；withoutyourinstruction,i would nothave made such great progress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步；we didn t

10、 know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否就我們就會給他打電話；7、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種劇烈的感情 ；省略從句he would have finished it.他本該完成了；you could have passed this exam.你應(yīng)當(dāng)能通過這次考試了；省略主句if i were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好??；if onlyi had got it.要是我得到它了該多好??；、虛擬語氣的其他用法用在 w

11、ish后的賓語從句a 、表示與 現(xiàn)在 事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式eg. i wish ihad your brains.我期望我有你那樣的頭腦； 事實：我根本比不上你 b 、表示與 過去 事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+doneeg: i wish ihad knownthe truth of the matter.我期望我原先知道這件事的真相； （事實：原先不知道）c 、表示 將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞：should/would +動詞原形eg. i wish ishould havea chance again.我期望我仍能有一次這樣的機(jī)會；（事實：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會了） 注：

12、if only和 as if/as though也有相同用法）用在目的狀語從句中1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，如用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為： should +動詞原形；并且should不能省略eg.she examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入；he started out earlier lest he shouldbe late.他很早就動身了以防遲到；2、 在 so that,inorderthat所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從

13、句中的謂語為：can / may/ could / might / will / would / should +動詞原形；eg.he goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清晰；he read the letter carefully in order that heshould not miss a word.他把信讀得很認(rèn)真以便不漏掉一個單詞；其他用法1、 一 想 要 desire二寧 愿 prefer三 命 令 order, command四 建 議 advice.suggest,

14、 propose五要求 demand , require, request , desire , insist中，無 論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用：“ should +動詞原形 ”或只用“ 動詞原形 ”；如：he suggestedthat weshould takethe teacher s advice.he insistedthat weshould takethe teacher s advice.hedemandthat weshould takethe teacher s advice.he orderedthat we should takethe teacher

15、 s advice.insist假如翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣；翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣；如： he insist he is a student.他堅持說他是個同學(xué)； 這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣；suggest 意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“示意”就不用虛擬語氣；如： his face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)憂；這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣；2 、 表 情 緒 . 觀 點 的 形 容 詞 或 名 詞 也 要 用 虛 擬 語 氣 . 如 :necessary、 importa

16、nt、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny 、right、wrong 、better、a pity 等；句型： it is.that +主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型；3、 在 even if, even though所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同；如：even ifhe were herehimself, he should not know what to do.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦；（事實：他沒 來）nobody could save him e

17、ven though hua tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他；（事實：華佗不在世）4、 在 whatever， whichever， whenever ， whoever, wherever， however, no matterwh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚簃ay+動詞原形 ；如：we will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成；we will find him wherever he may be.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他；

18、i will wait for him no matter how late hemay come.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他；指過去： may +完成式；如： you mustn t be proud whatever great progress you may have made.不管你 取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能自豪；we must respect him no matter whatmistakes he may have made.不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必需敬重他；5、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客

19、觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣；其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：過去 : had +過去分詞 ;現(xiàn)在 :過去時 be 用 were ;將來 :過去時 be用 were 如：i d rather youhad seenthe film yesterday.我倒想你 昨天 看過了這場電影；i d ratheryou wereherenow.我倒想你 現(xiàn)在 在這兒；we d rather youwent heretomorrow.我們倒想你 明天 去那兒6、 虛擬語氣仍可用在定語從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is high / about

20、time that+ 主語 + 動詞的 過去式 / should+ 動詞原形 ，即從句用虛擬過去式；如itistime that i went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了；it is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了；7、 簡潔句中的虛擬語氣（ 1 ） 說話時，為了表示客氣、虛心、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣；其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should +動 詞原 形 ；如：would you mind my shuttingthedoor.

21、我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？you shouldalways learn this lesson by heart.你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心；i shouldagree with you.我應(yīng)當(dāng)同意你的觀點；（ 2 ） 表示“希望”時，常用may + 主語 + 動詞原形 ；如：may you havea good journey.祝你一路順風(fēng)；may your youth last for ever.祝你青春永駐；（ 3） 表示劇烈的“愿望”、“希望”時，常用動詞原形 ；如：long live the communistpartyof china.中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲；god blessus.上帝保佑；（

22、4） 習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語氣； 提出懇求或邀請；如：would you like to have a talk with us thisevening.今日晚上來跟我們談天好嗎？could i use your bike now.我可以用一下你的單車嗎？ 陳述自己的觀點或看法；如：i shouldgladto meet you.見到你我會很興奮；i would try my best to help you.我會盡力幫忙你；提出勸說或建議；如：youd betterask yourfatherfirst. 你最好先問一問你的父親；you shouldmake a fullinvestigat

23、ionofitfirst.你應(yīng)當(dāng)先全面調(diào)查一番； 提出問題；如：do you thinkhe couldget here on time.你認(rèn)為他能按時來嗎？do you expecthe wouldtellus thetruth. 你期望他會告知我們真相嗎？ 表示對過去情形的批評時，常用虛擬語氣；其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞 ；如：you shouldhavegothere earlier.你應(yīng)當(dāng)早就到這里了；you shouldhave returneditto him.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把它仍給他了；省略的虛擬條件句型省略連詞 if有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略，但此時應(yīng)

24、用倒裝句型 ，即將從句中的were, should, had等提到句首：were i tom, i would refuse.假如我是湯姆，我會 拒絕；i will go, should it be necessary.假如有必要，我會去的；had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time.如不是天氣 壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)了；【注】 如條件從句為否定句，否定詞not 應(yīng)置于主語之后， 而不能與 were, should, had等縮略成 weren t, shouldn t, hadn t而置于句首； 有時省略 i

25、f后提前的 had 不是助動詞：had i time, i would come.假如我有時間， 我會來的；=if i had time 省略條件句的主語和其后的動詞be如主從句主語一樣，且謂語部分包含有動詞be，通?？蓪⒅髡Z和動詞be 省略： if repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down.要是早點兒修一下，拖拉機(jī)就不會拋錨了；=if it had been repaired earlier 省略“ it+be”if necessary, i would send more farm-hands to help you.

26、假如需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你；=if it was necessary, i would 省略整個條件從句這樣的省略通常需要借助肯定的上下文，即省略條件從句后，所剩下的主句的意 思在肯定的上下文中意思是清晰的：i might see her personally. it would be better.我可以親自去看她，這樣好一些；= if i saw her personally, it would be better.在含蓄條件句中的用法(1) 條件暗含在短語中；如：wedidn t know histelephonenumber;otherwise we would have te

27、lephoned him.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否就我們就會給他打電話；（ 暗含條件是otherwise）withoutyourhelp,we wouldn t have achieved so much.沒有你的幫忙，我們不行能取得這么大的成果；（暗含條件是介詞短語 without your help）but for your help, i would not have succeeded inthe experiment.假如沒有你的幫忙，我的試驗就不會勝利；（暗含條件是butforyour help）it would cause great trouble not to lubric

28、ate the bearingimmediately.不立刻潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障；（暗含條件是not tolubricatethe bearingimmediately）2條件暗含在上下文中；如：i would not have done itthatway.我是不會那么做的；（可能暗含ifi were you ）i was busy that day. otherwise i would have come to help you.我那天很忙；否就我會來幫你的；（可能暗含ifi hadn tbeen so busy. ）you mightcome to join us in the d

29、iscussion.你可以參與我們的爭論；（可能暗含if you wantedto ）i would have bought the dvd player.我是會買下那臺影碟機(jī)的；（可能暗含 ifi had themoney）but forthe storm,we shouldhave arrivedearlier.要不是遇到暴雨，我們?nèi)詴缧┑?；（可能暗含if it had not been forthe storm）；虛擬語氣練習(xí)題1.i enjoyed the movie very much. i wish ithe book from which it was made.a. have

30、 readb. had readc. should have readd. are reading2. you are late. if youa few minutes earlier, youhim.a. come; would meetb. had come; would have metc. come; will meetd. had come; would meet3. the two students talked as if theyfriends for years.a. should beb. would bec. have beend. had been4. it is i

31、mportant that iwith mr. williams immediately.a. speakb. spokec. will speakd. to speak5. he looked as if heill for a long time.a. wasb. werec. has beend. had been6. if the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not.a. have laidtherefortwo hoursb.have been liedthere for two hoursc. have liedthe

32、refortwo hoursd. have laintherefortwo hours7.i wish that iwith you last night.a. wentb. could goc. have goned. could have gone8.let s say you could go there again, howfeel.a. will youb. should youc. would youd. do you9.icantstandhim.he always talks asthough heeverything.a. knewb. knowsc. has knownd.

33、 had known10. the fog, we should have reached our school.a. because ofb. in spite ofc. in case ofd. but for11. if you had told me in advance, ihim at the airport.a. would meetb. would had metc. would have metd. would have meet12. mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. i certainl

34、y wish heme how.a. teachesb. will teachc. has taughtd. would teach13.iwould have toldhim the answer had itbeen possible,but i so busy then.a. had beenb. werec. wasd. would be14. hes working hard forfear that he.a. should fall behindb. fell behindc. may fall behindd. would fallen behindoff.15. if ita

35、nother ten minutes, the game would have been calleda. had rainedb. would have rainedc. have seend. rained16. he suggested that theyuse a trick instead of fighting.a. shouldb. wouldc. dod. had17. my fatherdid not go to newyork; the doctorsuggested thathe there.a. not wentb. won t goc. not god. not to

36、 go18.i would have gone to the meeting if itime.a. had hadb. have hadc. hadd. would have had19. would you rather ibuying a new bike.a. decided againstb. will decide againstc. have decidedd. shall decide against20. you look so tired tonight. it is time you.a. go to sleepb. went to sleepc. go to bedd.

37、 went to bed21. why didn t you buy a new car.i would have bought one if ienough money.a. hadb. have hadc. would haved. had had22. if she could sew,.a. she make a dressb. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirtd. she would had made a coat23. today, he would get there by friday.a. would he

38、 leaveb. was he leavingc. were he to leaved. if he leaves24. his doctor suggested that hea short trip abroad.a. will takeb. would takec. taked. took25. thebakersarrivedlastnight.ifthey donlyletusknowearlier,at the station.a. we d meet themb. we ll meet themc. we d have met themd. we ve met them26. i

39、fiyou, imore attentionto english idioms and phrases.a. was; shall payb. am; will payc. would be; would payd. were; would pay27. we might have failed if youus a helping hand.a. have not givenb. would not givec. had not givend. did not give28. the law requiresthateveryonehis car checked at leastonce a

40、 year.a. hasb. hadc. haved. will have29. it is strange that heso.a. would sayb. would speakc. should sayd. will speak30. had i known her name, a. or does she know mine.b. and where does she live.c. she would be beautiful.d. i would have invited her to lunch.31. he has just arrived, but he talks as i

41、f heall about that.a. knowb. knowsc. knownd. knew32. if ithe money, i would have bought a much bigger car.a. possessedb. ownedc. hadd. had had33. he was very busy yesterday; otherwise, heto the meeting.a. would comeb. camec. would have comed. will come34. the librarian insists that johnno more books

42、 from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.a. will takeb. tookc. taked. takes35.i left very early last night, but i wish iso early.a. didn t leaveb. hadn t leftc. haven t leftd. couldn t leave36.i do not have a job. i would find one but ino time.a. hadb. didn t havec. had hadd

43、. have37.i wish that yousuch a bad headache because im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.a. hadn tb. didn t have hadc. hadn t hadd. hadn t have38. he insisted that we allin his office at one oclock.a. beb. to bec. would bed. shall be39. helen couldn t go to france afterall.thats too bad. i m sure she would have enjoyed it if.a. she s goneb. she ll goc. she d goned. she d go40.i must go there earlier. john has suggested that ian hour before the discussio