(完整)初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)(2)

1、名詞一、名詞分類：名詞分為 普通名詞 和 專有名詞 普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個(gè)體名詞，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物質(zhì)名詞，如 air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名詞，如 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。 專有名詞：表示個(gè)人、國家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如Cheng Du, China, Obama,China Central Television 等。名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1. 普通名詞： 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞（1）可數(shù)名詞：包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞個(gè)體名詞 :

2、表示個(gè)體的人或事物名稱的詞。如： teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。A. 單數(shù) 表示 “一個(gè) ”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，名詞前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本書）、an apple（一個(gè)蘋果） 、 an orange（一個(gè)橘子）等。B. 復(fù)數(shù) 表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體。 如 two pencils（兩枝鉛筆） 、three weeks（三周） 等。 集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形

3、式的構(gòu)成。規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加 -s。（在清輔音后讀 s ，在濁輔音 及元音后讀 z 。）cat cats book-booksdogdogsbag bags boy- boys以 s、x、 ch、sh 結(jié) 尾的名詞在詞尾加 -es, 讀作 iz 。glass glasses match matches以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞把 y 變成 i , 加 -es, 讀作 izcity cities但專有名詞例外，直接在 y 后加 -s, 讀作zCanadian CanadiansAmerican Americans以輔音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞一般直

4、接加 -es,讀作 z;tomato tomatoes potato potatoes某些詞例外 ,加 -skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以元音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加 -s, 但讀作 zzoo zoos radio radios以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加 -s, 讀作 zroof roofs大多數(shù)要將 f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v,再加 -es,讀作 zleaf leaves wife wives knife knives yourself-yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例詞通過改變?cè)~內(nèi)元音字母man m

5、enfoot feettooth teeth mouse mice（老鼠）通過在詞尾加 -en 或 -renox oxen（牛） child children單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep two sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中國人）注意事項(xiàng) :只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有 : clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義 : people, public, police 特殊名詞的講解 ： people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。There are fi

6、ve people in my family. 我家有五口人。There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我們國家有 56 個(gè)民族。clothes 等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)。例： My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts， scissors 等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語 動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用 a pair of 表示，此時(shí)如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants

7、 is mine. 集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù) ; 指成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。His family is a large family. 指整體 His family like animals. 指成員有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：例： hair 和 fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。My hair is black. 我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit .It' s goo我d 喜for歡 y水ou果. ,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式 .Homer Simpson has three hairs. 辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pea

8、rs, peaches and other fruits. 他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。 (2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的名詞。如： coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名詞：表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動(dòng)作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如： health, happiness, help注意事項(xiàng) ：1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化 ,不能與 a/an 或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。 這些名詞前往往加 some, any, no, a little 等詞。如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候

9、就要用：數(shù)詞 +量詞 +Of+ 名詞 來表述。用量詞修飾時(shí)，首先 要注意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)； 然后 要注意名詞是否可數(shù) ,不可數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù) ,可數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù) ,如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.對(duì)量詞的提問句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many ；對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用 how much ，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many 。如：I would like two apples. How many apples would you like?I wan

10、t some bread. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water. How many glasses of water do you want ？ 詢問價(jià)格用 How much ，如 : How much is the coat?How much are the coats?二 . 名詞的所有格所有格的構(gòu)成 ： 1. 有生命的名詞 2. 無生命的名詞 有生命的名詞（ 1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加 's.如： my brother's book ， Jack's cat， the girl's p

11、en（2）以 -s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加。如： the girls' dormitory ， a teachers' college 注意：在不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加 's.如： women's clothes.（ 3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有，在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加's，如： Tom and Peter's room 湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（ 4） 如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個(gè)名詞都要加's.如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞 : 無生命的名詞

12、的所有格，通常用 “ of+名詞 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。如：the windows of the room（房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse（一張馬的照片）名詞習(xí)題寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. house 4. orange 7. brush 2. it 5. bag 8. family 3. zoo 6. exercise 9. bus 10. city 11. box 12. baby 13. class 14. factory 15. glass 16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman 19. match 20. man 21. this2

13、2. German 23. tomato 24. policeman 25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. Chinese 29. shelf 30. Japanese 31. leaf 32. American 33. life 34. tooth 35. wife 36. foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half 40. child 41.tooth 42.mouth二選擇填空：1. I want to buy .A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of ink

14、sD. twobottles of inks2. They don 't have to do today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkDmuch homeworks3. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepDcow, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children' s dayB. children' s DayC. Children ' s Da

15、yDChildren ' s day5. room is next to their parents' .A. Kate ' s and Joan 's B. Kate ' s and JoanC. Kate and Joan' sDKate and Joan6. Miss Green is a friend of _A. Mary ' s mother ' sB. Mary ' s motherC. Mary mother ' sDmother ' s of Mary7. Sheep white and

16、milk also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isDare, are8. I ' d like to have a glass of milk and .A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD.child10. He boughtA. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. tw

17、o pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has threeA. childB. childrenC.childsD. childrens12. -Are these? - No, they aren 't. TheyreA.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.sheeps, cows13. There are manyin the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. - Whose room is this? - It 'A. Li

18、MingB. Li Ming'C.Li MingsD. Li Mings '15. Here arefor you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our bestfor her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to thatto buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zooD. garden18.room is on t

19、he 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily'sC. Lucy 's and LilyD. Lucy 'sand Lily 'sB. two bottle of19. Mum, I 'm quite thirsty. Please give meA. two orangeD. two bottles oforangesC. two bottles of orangeoranges20. 10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseDm

20、ices21. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two _ in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves23. There are seven _ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD.minutes24. My father is a _. He works in a hospital.A. teache

21、rB. doctorC. farmerD.writer25. - Excuse me, are you ? - Yes, I 'm from A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,26. They are _ jackets.A. Lucy ' sB. Lucy '27. What color is coat.A. Peter 'sB. Peter '28. These are _ books.A. teachers 'sB. teachers '

22、;29. They are _ ice creamsA. children'B. children's30. This is bag.A. Tom and Peter 'B.Tom' s and Peter 'sAmericaA. the school31. Where are .32. Those are bags.s studentsB . students of the schoolA. drivers 'sB. drivers33.This bag is A. Mary ' s and Tom 's B. Mary and

23、 Tom 's34.fathers are coming.A. Mary ' sa nd Kate 'sB . Mary ' sa nd Kate C.Mary and Kate35. How are these books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants blue. I like very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37. How glasses of water do you want?A. many B. much38. This is

24、.A. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bikeD. Mike and Jimbike39. These are .A. Amy and Lingling's room B. Amy 's and Lingling's roomC. Amy ' s and Lingling' s roDo.m Asm y and Lingling' s room40. My big and my happy. A. family is fa

25、mily areB. familyis families are三根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I have a lot of to do. (homework)2. There are seven in a week. (day)3. How many can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. There are five in the picture. (child )6. There are two over there ( bench)7. I like taking ( photo)8.

26、l can see two standing there ( woman)9. There are two baskets of on the floor ( apple)10. There are three( knife )11. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.15. There are five(people ) in his family.16. Let's take(photo), OK?17. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The(chil