賓語從句詳解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)[共7頁]

1、賓語從句（Object Clause）定義在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句. 時(shí)態(tài)： 1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。 2.主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 3.主句用過去時(shí),從句是真理時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 一、賓語從句的連接詞 從屬連詞 連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether. that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告訴我他下一年

2、上大學(xué). I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試. 連接代詞 連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道誰贏了這一局紅警

3、游戲嗎? I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你該依靠誰. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎? 連接副詞 連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me

4、when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到. 二、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因

5、為他們的隊(duì)員更強(qiáng)壯. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的. 部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎? 動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句 常見的這些詞有:

6、make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤. 可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認(rèn)為每天

7、多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to

8、. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置. 若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it

9、代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的. 三、介詞的賓語從句 用wh-類的介詞賓語從句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship wa

10、s sent up into space. 這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句 有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知. 四、形容詞的賓語從句 常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,s

11、urprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會(huì)通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put

12、,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。） 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that 當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí); 當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí); 當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)

13、; 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略; 當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí); 當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí); 在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí). 七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其

14、反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì). I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? 如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是? 八、賓

15、語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響. 當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí) 從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<&l

16、t;老人與海>>. 從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary. 從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂. 如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化 The te

17、acher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn). 當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.編輯本段賓語從句（版本二） 學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。 1.連接詞 連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)

18、或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1從句為陳述句,常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略,直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句,常選擇連接詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。 3從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為主語時(shí),句式為：who+謂語+其他 2.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況： 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。 2.主句是一般過去時(shí),從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 eg: 1. The teacher told the

19、children that the sun round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I dont know to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.wh

20、ich;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：選B,動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語從句,從句缺少賓語,where不可,which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)表疑問含義“哪一個(gè)”而此句中并非疑問含義,不知道哪一座廟宇,而是用what從句表陳述含義,意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語從句,用關(guān)系代詞which代替,并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語,use sth. as“把用作編輯本段賓語從句（版本三） 賓語從句,在復(fù)合句中作賓語,位于及物動(dòng)詞后。 eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know w

21、hat he likes？ 注： (1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時(shí),從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變,真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）

22、否定前移,及完成反意問句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去,完成反意問句時(shí),應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是,主句主語是第一人稱） eg I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況 在表示： 建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、

23、require、request、propose； 決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅(jiān)決主張 insist; 等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句,用（should）+v（虛擬語氣） eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once （4）賓語從句后置情況 如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)語,用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句后置 egYou may think it strange that he would live there （5）賓從中that不可省略的情況 賓語從句that?？?/p>

24、省略,但在以下情況下不能省略 A當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),可以省略第一個(gè)that,其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better B當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí) egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí) egThat our team will win,I believe編輯本段賓語從句（版本四） 一、定義和賓從例句分析 賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。 A 作動(dòng)詞的賓語: I

25、 heard the news. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 名詞作賓語 I heard that he would come here later on. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作賓語-賓語從句 B 作介詞的賓語: He said nothing about the plan. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 介詞 名詞作介詞的賓語 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 介詞 一個(gè)句子作介詞的賓語 二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起

26、。連接詞有：that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 賓語 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 間接賓語 直接賓語 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 間接賓語 直接賓語 4 He wanted to know what the man

27、ager had said at the meeting. who hadnt passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. wh

28、y water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中,當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)（一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí),過去完成時(shí)）,從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種,（大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外）。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinn

29、er with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中,當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）,從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。 三、注意 A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering

30、when he can finish this difficult job. B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good:

31、He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般過去時(shí)態(tài),從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to

32、 know why he was crying in the corner.unit7 topic21.Would you mind if.?/Would you mind +（形代）+Ving.?回答:Of course not./No,not at all./Yes,youd'd better not.2.He runs less fast than me./He doesn't run fast as me. prefer .to. like.better like.best Cars cost 100 times as much as bikes. I run 3 ti

33、mes as fast as you./I run 3 times faster then you.(倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+.) 越來越. The more you eat,the fatter you are. 越來越瘦 thinner and thinner 越來越漂亮 more and more beautiful He runs faster then me./He runs fastest of all /so then any other students 賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. H

34、e said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I wan

35、t to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8W

36、here did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I do

37、n't know _ he still _ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai?

38、 I don't know. I don't know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than th

39、e moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. ther

40、e were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why ha

41、d she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter i

42、s    D. what's the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do i

43、t       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check  B. to check  C. how to check  D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _

44、 the TV set? Sorry, I've no idea. A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what,

45、 another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you

46、have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really don't know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive 

47、;  D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 O

48、lympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I don”t

49、 know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I liveC. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come( )25 The girls as

50、ked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can

51、 you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how           

52、0; 三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me _ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really don't know _ the bridge will

53、be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They don't know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I don't know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同義句)Tom's mother ask