范范老師15-8-5【閱讀簡答題summary讀寫寫作】

1、八級閱讀簡答題+八級讀寫寫作題動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測與策略解析2015.8.5范范_老師新浪微博 新題型 重點(diǎn)考核英語專業(yè)核心技能： Reading Paraphrase 釋義(同義替換) Summarize 概述、概要、梗概 整體感覺整體感覺 閱讀加主觀簡答題肯定增加了難度。 讀寫summary題難度還是體現(xiàn)在閱讀上。 這兩部分改革顯然側(cè)重了加大考核學(xué)生快速閱讀英文抓重點(diǎn)的能力，進(jìn)一步減弱背套句和押寫作題的模式。 新題型類似英?？佳谐Ｓ妙}型。閱讀理解閱讀理解 舊：選擇題 20題 共計(jì)20% 新：選擇題 14題+ 簡答題 8題 預(yù)計(jì)共22-30%主觀簡答題基本步驟藍(lán)色部分同客觀選擇題步驟 1、找出題干key

2、 word 2、根據(jù)題干key word+題目次序和原文次序一致：定位到原文中的段落 3、快速閱讀KW上下文各2-3句 4、答案可能是一個(gè)，或多個(gè)答案之綜述主觀簡答題核心要點(diǎn) 1、盡量使用原文詞匯（+適當(dāng)連詞），原文沒有合適的再用自己的話。 2、不要超過兩個(gè)句號。適當(dāng)使用冒號、分號、破折號加大單句內(nèi)信息容量。 3、抄用原文單詞時(shí)切切不要出現(xiàn)拼寫、語法低級失誤 4、除非題目很明顯你百分百確定答案，否除非題目很明顯你百分百確定答案，否則：則：擴(kuò)大答案范圍，寧可多答，不要少答例例1：一個(gè)答案：一個(gè)答案改編自改編自2011-TEXT A 客觀題干Which of the following best

3、explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians? 主觀題干What best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians? Why does the Englishman have to stay home?關(guān)鍵詞：關(guān)鍵詞：ways of living Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the

4、streets of Gibraltar. The Englishmans home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a co

5、coon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. 下一段開頭These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. 答案： The climate makes it hard for English people to walk or sit outdoors/outside.例2：多個(gè)答案的綜述 客觀題干15. According to the passage people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the f

6、ollowing EXCEPT _. A. the entirety of the state structure B. constant pressure from the state C. the small size of the town D. transparency of occurrences 主觀題干： What make people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved? Why can people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved? To live in a tiny town with all

7、 the organization of a state, with Viceroy (總督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arms reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. Ones successes are seen and recognized; ones failures are immed

8、iately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. / Straight from the cynical anonymity of

9、a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.答案 【直接采用原文詞句】They live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state; thus nothing can be hidden in such an environment where strong social consciousness makes a

10、constant and firm social pressure towards good social behavior. 【略帶個(gè)人綜述】Because of the small size of the town, the entirety of the state structure, the transparency of occurrences, and thus a constant and firm pressure from social consciousness.問：Why did the author gain most pleasure in Gibraltars h

11、appy personalism? 原文定位： Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. /Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city（這半句和上下句都是對比轉(zhuǎn)折 關(guān)系）, we luxuriated in its happy personalism.寧可多答，不要少答 少答： Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of p

12、laces. 多答：In contrast to (Different from, Far from) the cynical anonymity of a big city，Gibraltar, a tiny town, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. 八級寫作八級寫作 由topic-based task轉(zhuǎn)為reading-writing task 40分鐘400字詞的命題作文 改為： 材料作文:“閱讀兩篇短文，寫一個(gè)30分鐘300詞左右的summary，著重學(xué)生表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力。”時(shí)間有兩種可能性 1、10分鐘閱讀抓重點(diǎn)思路+3

13、0分鐘寫作，共計(jì)給40分鐘 2、10分鐘閱讀抓重點(diǎn)思路+20分鐘寫作，共計(jì)30分鐘閱讀找什么 文章的main idea 文章的主要分論點(diǎn)subtopics 文章各段分論點(diǎn)的重要論據(jù)example （example可以不用，也可以只用下major example，即選用） 重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容通常在段落的開頭2-3行內(nèi)+But類轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面2行；注意連詞的提示 文章開頭、結(jié)尾也許不重要，看出題人想要什么樣的難度、選什么樣的文章。What I Have Lived for By Bertrand Russell Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong,

14、have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair. I have sought love, fi

15、rst, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfa

16、thomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found. W

17、ith equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so

18、far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and p

19、ain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.注意對以上紅色詞句： 作文中：三分之一作同義詞替換 三分之二抄用原文詞句至少有三分之一句型使用你自己的議論文套句，運(yùn)用自己的句型越多，同等條件下得分越

20、高你對原文的總結(jié)提煉就是你在陳述觀點(diǎn) “A summary relates the authors main point, purpose, intent, and supporting details in your own words.” “A summary is also a sort of critique of the original article.”作文寫什么 1 兩篇加起來預(yù)測大約1000-1500詞，寫300詞左右的概要，給出一個(gè)中心問題，圍繞問題寫概要。 2 所謂“陳述觀點(diǎn)”，其實(shí)不需要你貢獻(xiàn)自己的思想，需要你在重新組織原文主要思想觀點(diǎn)+主要論據(jù)（major examp

21、le）的基礎(chǔ)上，最后加個(gè)貌似自己評價(jià)、感想的conclusion部分 3 兩種主體部分的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)： 平行式 比較式評分看什么？ 作文是否抓對了語料的主要論點(diǎn)、立場 作文是否覆蓋了語料的全部分論點(diǎn) 作文是否覆蓋了語料的重要論據(jù) 作文是否有自己的邏輯：即在兩個(gè)語料間做了平行或比較模式的溝通融合，而不是將兩篇語料各自分開總結(jié) 作文是否在結(jié)論部分作出自己的評價(jià)（？） 語言總體水平【切記長短句結(jié)合】 學(xué)會(huì)用連詞和自己的套句把別人的語料觀點(diǎn)論據(jù)串聯(lián)起來 語料的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)能用自己的同義詞句替換的就替換，不行就轉(zhuǎn)換句型抄用。專業(yè)術(shù)語不用替換。語言例段（感性認(rèn)識） 考研題：考研題：Summarize the ma

22、in British national characteristics according to Orwell. Britons are considered by Orwell as not artistic or rational; instead, they are quite instinctual in action so that people might call them “hypocritical”, that is, self-contradictory in itself, which typically has been demonstrated by the Engl

23、ish amateurism of loving personal hobbies variably and hence the greatness of individual liberty or choice cherished by the multitude. This kind of individualism can defy the conformity to laws, single faith or power-worship. Meanwhile, the so-called “hypocrisy” may best lie in the contrast between

24、the Britains position as a superpower in the world and the curious trait for Britons being tender-hearted enough to dislike war and militarism; they particularly abhor the ostentatious type of army. (112 words)語料語言巧妙轉(zhuǎn)換學(xué)生范例While officially speaking the British press is “free” from government control

25、and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper. In 1990, the former chairman of the KGB, the Soviet Secret Service, said: “Youll never find in a British newspaper who meets who. Not like in Americatheir papers are big-mouthed; we used to find out

26、a lot from their Press. In England, no information could be found from papers. I always taught my people: Do everything like the British.” While there is no particular state censorship, many British laws limit the freedom of the press. Contempt of Court Laws restrain newspapers from printing informa

27、tion about people being tried for various crimes because this can prejudice the judicial system. The media is also affected by the Official Secrets Act, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released. Sometimes journalists wh

28、o are investigating government wrongdoing have their stories blocked, are fined or are even sent to prison because they reveal information that the government does not want the public to know about. 【學(xué)生例段】As far as the freedom of press is concerned, compared with the newspapers in Britain, those in

29、the US have much more freedom. Though officially speaking, the British press is “free” from government control and censorship, it is subject to many laws. For example, in accord with the Official Secrets Act, except that the government says the information can be released, the papers are restrained

30、from printing it. People who break the regulations will suffer serious punishment. On the other hand, as we all know, America is a country putting much more freedom ahead of everything, at least as is what they always say. So it gives much freedom to the press. According to the former chairman of th

31、e KGB, the Soviet Union Service, those newspapers in the US are “big-mouthed”. They can publish whatever they like, and people can find a lot from the papers rather than fumbling to find nothing valuable in the British media. 作文主體部分3段的兩種邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) 平行式 20% 比較式 80% 個(gè)別題目兩種結(jié)構(gòu)均可【1】平行式outline 開頭 30詞 中間平行3段（確認(rèn)兩個(gè)語料都是同一個(gè)主要論點(diǎn)和立場，然后找到各自的分論點(diǎn)，將這些分論點(diǎn)融合提煉為你的“3個(gè)分論點(diǎn)”，每段約70-80詞，盡情借用語料中的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，用自己的話綜述更佳。但不需要自己增添新的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)） 結(jié)論 60詞共計(jì)330詞示例 兩篇語料都討論了一些英國民族的特征，問你英國民族有何特征（劃出各方主要subtopics，融合為三大特征）。 兩篇語料都討論了城市化發(fā)展對人類、環(huán)境、地球所帶來的種種弊端，問你城市