2019高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題Unit3Lifeinthefuture含解析新人教版必修520180922189

1、李仕才一、閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C 和 D 四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost halfof that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute theoceans. So far thereis no effective way to get rid of it, but anew study suggests a

2、n answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greaterwax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The teamleft 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and theworms

3、 consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirmthat the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently b

4、roken down byenzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published inCurrent Biology in 2019.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to breakdown their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond

5、in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was notinvolved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break downpolyethylen

6、e. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breakingdown in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the causeof the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸 道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings migh

7、t one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 1. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They

8、are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3. It c

9、an be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special wor

10、m.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降 解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段 Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study,says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax alsoallows them to b

11、reak down plastic. 可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲分解日常食物的 能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說它們可以消費(fèi)塑料。故選 C。3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on topof the plastic. 可以推斷出，Bertocchini 希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn) 中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選 D。4.C 【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最

12、后一句 So far there is no effective wayto get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachsof some hungry worms. 可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句 But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可知，Bert

13、occhini 希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解 塑料的方法。故選 C。二、教材與語法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入 1 個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I went into the future because I 1. (win) a prize that gave me 2. tour. I suffered from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green tablets 3. could help me feel 4. (little) nervous a

14、nd uncertain. 5. (he) parents company, 6. (call) “Future Tours” ， transported me 7. (safe) into the future in a time capsule. The first thing I noticed was the poor quality of the air, so my head ached. And I found several things 8. (differently): a mask to give me enough oxygen; a hovering carriage

15、 driven by computer; a strangelooking house 9. (belong) to Wang Pings parents. There the trees acted as walls and provided oxygen 10. the room; a table, some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if by magic.答案：1.had won 2.a 3.which/that 4.less 5.His6called 7.safely 8.different 9.belonging 1

16、0.for三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C 和 D 四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的 最佳選項(xiàng)。A Letter to My DadFour years ago we found out about the cancer growing inside you.You told me the news that it had already spread and that you didn't know how long you had _1_.I was still at university.A parent dying was something that

17、happened to _2_ peoplepeople older than me.I spent the first few months in_3_.For the first time I felt_4_.I wished I could just _5_ you and take the cancer out.But there was nothing I could do.We've been_6_.You reacted well to treatment and you're still here，though we don't know for how

18、 much _7_.I've always wanted to say that I love you，and that I'm_8_ for everything you've given me.But I can't.It feels like it is this unwritten_9_ in our fatherson relationship that_10_ it.You're a man conservative and guarded with your _11_.You keep them to yourself and _12_ o

19、thers to do the same.But I know you _13_.I've seen your proud looks when I've told you about my _14_ at work and school over the years.I've seen your_15_ when things haven't gone well.I remember all the offers of help.I wish we could talk about what we _16_ to each other.I wish you c

20、ould tell me you're _17_ and I could tell you I love you.I wish these _18_ concepts of masculinity(男子氣概)weren't so deeply _19_ in both of us.Maybe we will still see our way to that _20_ before you go.But whatever the case，I just need to say itI love you，and thank you.1A.waited BleftCsuffered

21、 Dstayed2A.any BfewCother Dall3A.doubt BangerCvain Dshock4A.powerless BnervousClost Dbored5A.reach into Bturn toCstand by Dlook into6A.confused BluckyCactive Dhopeless7A.better BdeeperClonger Dfurther8A.eager BgratefulCregretful Ddesperate9A.letter BwordCidea Drule10A.prevents BchangesCdestroys Dtra

22、nsforms11A.illnesses BfeelingsCbelongings Dopinions12A.require BexpectCallow Dpersuade13A.lie BunderstandCcare Dfear14A.achievements BdifficultiesCgoals Dexperiences15A.power BangerCcuriosity Dconcern16A.have BgiveCleave Dmean17A.conservative BbraveCproud Dhelpful18A.absurd BimportantCuseful Dpopula

23、r19A.lost BtrappedCrooted Dcovered20A.situation BsolutionCachievement Dconversation【解題導(dǎo)語】你以為你對他的愛很深沉，這是你了解的；你不了解的是，他對你的愛比 你的深沉一萬倍。對父母的愛，要怎么才說得出口？別太晚。如果沒有勇氣當(dāng)面表達(dá)，就寫 封信來告訴他。1 B 四年前作者發(fā)現(xiàn)父親身患癌癥，癌細(xì)胞已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散，因此，此處指不知道還能活多 久。how long you had left是“你還剩下多長時間”的意思，left 用作后置定語。故選 B 項(xiàng)。2 C 根據(jù)該空后的 people older than me 可

24、判斷，作者以為父(母)親垂死這件事只 會發(fā)生在比他年齡更大的人身上。故選 C 項(xiàng)。3 D in doubt 意為“懷疑”；in anger 意為“生氣地”；in vain 意為“徒勞無益 地”；in shock 意為“震驚地；吃驚地”。聽到父親患癌這件事，作者當(dāng)然是長時間地感 到震驚。故選 D 項(xiàng)。刷有所得·方法：做完形填空題時，有些題要注意該空前后的介詞、副詞等。有時需要 分別把選項(xiàng)與前后的介詞、副詞相搭配，再判斷它們搭配后哪個短語的意思更符合上下文的 邏輯。4 A 根據(jù)下文 But there was nothing I could do.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此 可推測，此

25、處指作者感到無能為力。powerless 意為“無能為力的”；nervous 意為“緊張 不安的；焦慮的”；lost 意為“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored 意為“厭煩的；煩悶的”。 根據(jù)語境可知選 A 項(xiàng)。5 A 根據(jù)下文 and take the cancer out 可知，此處指作者希望可以進(jìn)入父親的身體 拿走癌細(xì)胞。reach into 意為“伸進(jìn)；伸入”；turn to 意為“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于”；stand by 意為“袖手旁觀；支持”；look into 意為“調(diào)查”。故選 A 項(xiàng)。6 B 根據(jù)該空后面的 You reacted well to treatmentand you'

26、;re still here可知， 作者的父親對治療反應(yīng)很好并且依然還活著，所以作者一家感覺是幸運(yùn)的(lucky)。故選 B項(xiàng)。confused 意為“困惑的；混亂的”；active 意為“積極的”；hopeless 意為“沒有希 望的”。7 C 父親的治療效果很好，“我們”很幸運(yùn)，雖然不知道父親還能堅(jiān)持多久，但是他 還活著。better 意為“更好”；deeper 意為“更深”；longer 意為“更長久”；further 意為“更遠(yuǎn)”。故選 C 項(xiàng)。8 B 根據(jù)設(shè)空后的 everything you've given me 可知，作者在此表達(dá)對父親的感激 之情。eager 意為“渴

27、望的；熱切的”；grateful 意為“感激的”；regretful 意為“遺憾 的；后悔的”；desperate 意為“絕望的”。故選 B 項(xiàng)。9 D 句意為：好像在我們的父子關(guān)系上就是這不成文的規(guī)則阻止了這句話被說出口。 unwritten rule 意為“不成文的規(guī)則”，符合語境。故選 D 項(xiàng)。10 A 根據(jù)下文的 You're a man conservative和 You keep them to yourself可知， 父親很保守，所以這一不成文的規(guī)則阻止了父愛的表達(dá)。prevent 意為“阻止；防止”； change 意為“改變”；destroy 意為“破壞；摧毀”；tr

28、ansform 意為“使改觀；使轉(zhuǎn)化”。 故選 A 項(xiàng)。11 B guarded 意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，結(jié)合下文的 You keep them to yourself 可知，此 處指父親是一個保守的、對情感(feelings)謹(jǐn)慎的人。conservative and guarded with your feelings 作后置定語，修飾前面的 a man。故選 B 項(xiàng)。illness 意為“疾病”；belongings 意為“所有物”；opinion 意為“觀點(diǎn)”。12 B 根據(jù)前文對父親的描述 conservative, guarded with your _可知，父 親收斂自己的感情，希望別人

29、也這樣做。require 意為“要求”；expect 意為“期望；盼望”； allow 意為“允許”；persuade 意為“勸說；說服”。故選 B 項(xiàng)。13 C 根據(jù)下文的 I've seen your proud looks可知，父親是很在意兒子的。lie 意 為“撒謊”；understand 意為“理解”；care 意為“在意；在乎”；fear 意為“害怕”。 故選 C 項(xiàng)。14 A 根據(jù)前面的 your proud looks 可知，父親自豪的應(yīng)該是作者取得的成就 (achievements)。故選 A 項(xiàng)。difficulty 意為“困難”；goal 意為“目標(biāo)”；exper

30、ience 意為“經(jīng)歷”。15 D 根據(jù)設(shè)空后的 when things haven't gone well及 I remember all the offers of help.可知，當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展不順利時，父親會主動提供幫助，因此可知，父親是關(guān)心兒子的。 power 意為“力量；權(quán)力”；anger 意為“憤怒；生氣”；curiosity 意為“好奇心”；concern 意為“擔(dān)心；憂慮”。故選 D 項(xiàng)。16 D 結(jié)合下文 I wish you could tell me you're _ and I could tell you I love you.可知，作者希望父親能夠告訴

31、他父親是如何想的，作者也能告訴父親作者愛他。 由此可推測，此處指作者希望能夠與父親談?wù)撍麄儗Ρ舜艘馕吨?mean)什么。故選 D 項(xiàng)。17 C 根據(jù)上文的 your proud looks 可知，此處指作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親為他 而自豪。conservative 意為“守舊的；保守的”；brave 意為“勇敢的”；proud 意為“驕 傲的；自豪的”；helpful 意為“有幫助的”。故選 C 項(xiàng)。18 A 根據(jù)上一題解析及空后的 masculinity 可知，此處指作者希望這些荒謬的大男 子觀念不會在他和父親的心中根深蒂固。absurd 意為“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合語境。故 選 A 項(xiàng)。

32、important 意為“重要的”；useful 意為“有用的”；popular 意為“流行的”。19 C 根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者希望這樣的大男子觀念不要根深蒂固。lost in 意 為“迷失在”；trapped in 意為“陷入”；rooted in 意為“植根于；深植于”；covered in 意為“被覆蓋”故選 C 項(xiàng)。20 D 根據(jù)上文的 talk about 可知，此處指作者與父親的談話(conversation)。故選 D 項(xiàng)。四、教材與話題寫作()用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下列句子。1隨著科技的發(fā)展， 我對未來生活持樂觀態(tài)度。(be optimistic about)答案：With

33、the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.2到那時我們生活的環(huán)境更舒適、 美麗。 (surroundings)答案：By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful.3太陽能、 風(fēng)能將會被充分利用， 海水也會轉(zhuǎn)變成能源， 人們再也不用擔(dān)心缺乏能源。 (be switched into; lack of energy)答案：People will not

34、worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.4我們不但被提供豐富的衣食， 而且我們可以花費(fèi)更多的時間周游世界。(not only.but also; provide.with)答案：We will not only be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world.5正是因?yàn)楣ぷ餍矢吡?，我們在工作學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力將會更小。(efficiently; stress)答案：We will have less stress either from our study or work because we can work more efficiently.()將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五