國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)練習(xí)題與考試題型

1、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)練習(xí)題與考試題型國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)練習(xí)題與考試題型一、一、terms explanation名詞解釋名詞解釋（名詞 6 個(gè) 30 分）consumer surplus 消費(fèi)者剩余：消費(fèi)者愿意支付的價(jià)格與實(shí)際支付的價(jià)格之間的差額?；蛘撸合M(fèi)者消費(fèi)某種商品所獲得的總效用與為此花費(fèi)的貨幣總效用的差額。opportunity cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本：機(jī)會(huì)成本是指為生產(chǎn)一單位的某一產(chǎn)品所必須放棄的其他產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)出數(shù)量。absolute advantage 絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)principle of comparative advantage比較優(yōu)勢(shì)原理production possibility curve（ppc）

2、生產(chǎn)可能性曲線（邊界） ：表示在一定的技術(shù)條件下，一國(guó)全部資源所能生產(chǎn)的各種商品（物品或勞務(wù)）最優(yōu)產(chǎn)量組合。community indifference curves社會(huì)無差異曲線（假定所有個(gè)體消費(fèi)偏好都是一樣的）作用factor abundance 要素稟賦：指一國(guó)所擁有的兩種生產(chǎn)要素的相對(duì)比例。如果一國(guó)的要素稟賦（k/l）大于他國(guó)，則稱該國(guó)為資本（相對(duì)）豐富或勞動(dòng)（相對(duì)）稀缺的國(guó)家；反過來，他國(guó)則為勞動(dòng)豐富或資本稀缺的國(guó)家。heckscher-ohlin theory要素稟賦理論與比較優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)合起來：根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)原則，一國(guó)出口密集使用其豐富要素的產(chǎn)品，進(jìn)口密集使用其稀缺要素的產(chǎn)品。the s

3、tolper-samuelson theoremss 定理：斯托珀-薩繆爾森定理（the stolper-samuelsontheorem） ： 某一商品相對(duì)價(jià)格的上升， 將導(dǎo)致該商品密集使用的生產(chǎn)要素的實(shí)際價(jià)格或報(bào)酬提高，而另一種生產(chǎn)要素的實(shí)際價(jià)格或報(bào)酬則下降。scale economies 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)（產(chǎn)量增加平均規(guī)模下降） ：指在產(chǎn)出的某一范圍內(nèi)，平均成本隨著產(chǎn)出的增加而遞減。internal scale economies內(nèi)在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)intra-industry trade(iit)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易（同一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易比例）衡量地區(qū)相同產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易程度monopolistic compet

4、ition壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)biased growth 有偏向增長(zhǎng)：生產(chǎn)可能性邊界的外移有偏向性，偏向進(jìn)口替代部門或出口部門。rybczynski theorem羅伯津斯基定理（商品相對(duì)價(jià)格發(fā)生變化是，單一要素的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致）：在商品相對(duì)價(jià)格不變的前提下， 某一要素的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致密集使用該要素部門的生產(chǎn)增加， 而另一部門的生產(chǎn)則下降。dutch disease 荷蘭?。ㄙY源豐富地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率慢，發(fā)展中國(guó)家）tariff關(guān)稅ad valorem tariff從價(jià)稅（按照價(jià)格征稅）consumption effect消費(fèi)效應(yīng)（消費(fèi)者剩余減少） ：征收關(guān)稅使得國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格提高，只要國(guó)內(nèi)的需求彈性大于零，比如導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)

5、量減少，即為關(guān)稅的消費(fèi)效應(yīng)。infant-industry argument幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)理論（產(chǎn)業(yè)成立時(shí)間短， ）effective rate of protection （erp）有效保護(hù)率（實(shí)施關(guān)稅前后增加值的率） ：有效保護(hù)是指某一行業(yè)生產(chǎn)或加工中增加的那部分價(jià)值（即附加值）受保護(hù)的情況 。可定義為：關(guān)稅或其他貿(mào)易政策所引起的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)附加值的變動(dòng)率。nontariff barriers（ntb）非關(guān)稅壁壘dumping 傾銷（低于國(guó)內(nèi)成本價(jià)，三級(jí)價(jià)格歧視） ：是在不同國(guó)家市場(chǎng)間進(jìn)行的一種價(jià)格歧視行為。它是指出口商以低于本國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格或成本向國(guó)外銷售商品的行為。voluntary export

6、restraints（vers）自愿出口限制（配額租的收益，配額是進(jìn)口國(guó)限制） ：是指商品出口國(guó)在進(jìn)口國(guó)的要求或壓力之下， 自愿地限制某些商品在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)的出口數(shù)量和出口金額。trade creation 貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造（簽訂協(xié)議后，貿(mào)易規(guī)模擴(kuò)大）trade diversion 貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移（高效率國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)移到低效率國(guó)家，帶來福利的減少，貿(mào)易量不變）rules of origin原產(chǎn)地原則 （自由貿(mào)易區(qū)里面附加原產(chǎn)地原則， 按照增加值的百分之四十五，享受零關(guān)稅）balance of payments 國(guó)際收支：是在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)（通常為一年）一國(guó)居民與世界其他國(guó)家居民之間的全部經(jīng)濟(jì)交易的系統(tǒng)記錄。intern

7、ational investment position國(guó)際投資頭寸spot exchange rate 即期匯率：即期匯率又稱為現(xiàn)匯匯率， 是買賣雙方成交后，在兩個(gè)營(yíng)業(yè)日之內(nèi)辦理交割時(shí)所用的匯率。forward exchange rate 遠(yuǎn)期匯率：遠(yuǎn)期匯率又稱期匯匯率，是指買賣雙方成交后，不立即進(jìn)行交割，而是在約定的未來一定日期進(jìn)行交割的匯率。law of one price一價(jià)定律：在沒有運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用和官方貿(mào)易壁壘的自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)上， 同質(zhì)可貿(mào)易商品在不同國(guó)家出售，按同一貨幣計(jì)量的價(jià)格應(yīng)該是相等的。current account 經(jīng)常賬戶：包括居民與非居民間發(fā)生的所有涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的交易。offi

8、cial settlements balance 官方儲(chǔ)備的賬戶：是指一國(guó)貨幣當(dāng)局可用于平衡國(guó)際收支或其他用途的資產(chǎn)，包括貨幣黃金、特別提款權(quán) (special drawing rights, sdrs) 、在基金中的頭寸、外匯資產(chǎn)（現(xiàn)金、存款和證券）及其其他債權(quán)。arbitrage 套匯（arbitrage） ：是指套匯者利用不同地點(diǎn)匯價(jià)上的差異進(jìn)行賤買貴賣，并從中牟利的一種外匯交易。speculation 投機(jī)：指根據(jù)對(duì)匯率變動(dòng)的預(yù)期， 有意持有外匯的多頭或空頭， 希望利用匯率變動(dòng)來從中賺取利潤(rùn)。hedging 套期保值：指賣出或買入金額相等于一筆外匯資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債的外匯，使這筆外幣資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債

9、以本幣表示的價(jià)值避免遭受匯率變動(dòng)的影響。purchasing power parity （ppp）購買力平價(jià)（匯率取決于） ：絕對(duì)購買力平價(jià)理論認(rèn)為，匯率是兩國(guó)貨幣在各自國(guó)家里所具有的購買力之比。 相對(duì)購買力平價(jià)： 匯率同兩國(guó)價(jià)格水平的變化保持一致，匯率的變化取決于兩國(guó)通貨膨脹的差異， 若本國(guó)的相對(duì)價(jià)格水平上升， 本國(guó)貨幣購買力就會(huì)下降，市場(chǎng)力量會(huì)促使匯率回到與購買力平價(jià)相一致的水平。overshooting 超調(diào)（匯率波動(dòng)超過貨幣供給的百分之五十）terms of tradeproduct cycle model 產(chǎn)品周期（產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)周期，帶有技術(shù)性產(chǎn)品總是周期性的）二、二、multiple-

10、choice questions(each question just has only one correct answer)multiple-choice questions(each question just has only one correct answer)1、the mercantilists did not advocate:a.free tradeb.stimulating the nations exportsc.restricting the nations importsd.the accumulation of gold by the nation2、ricard

11、o explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:a.the labor theory of valueb.the opportunity cost theoryc.the law of diminishing returnsd.all of the above3、community indifference curves:a.are negatively slopedb.are convex to the originc.should not crossd.all of the above4、which of the f

12、ollowing statements is false?a.the gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gainsfrom specializationb.gains from exchange result even without specializationc.gains from specialization result even without exchanged.none of the above5、the offer curve of a nation shows:a

13、.the supply of a nations importsb.the demand for a nations exportsc.the trade partners demand for imports and supply of exportsd.the nations demand for imports and supply of exports6、if the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:a.deteriorateb.improvec.remain uncha

14、ngedd.any of the above7、the h-o model extends the classical trade model by:a.explaining the basis for comparative advantageb.examining the effect of trade on factor pricesc.both a and bd.neither a nor b8、international trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have identical:a.fac

15、tor endowmentsb.tastesc.technologyd.all of the above9、the type of dumping which would justify antidumping measures by the country subjectto the dumping is:a.predatory dumpingb.sporadic dumpingc.continuous dumpingd.all of the above10、the imposition of an import tariff by a small nation:a.increases th

16、e nations welfareb.reduces the nations welfarec.leaves the nations welfare unchangedd.any of the above is possible1、according to adam smith, international trade was based on:（）a. absolute advantageb. comparative advantagec. both absolute and comparative advantaged. neither absolute nor comparative a

17、dvantage2、community indifference curves:a. are negatively slopedb. are convex to the originc. should not crossd. all of the above3、an import quota:a. increases the domestic price of the imported commodityb. reduces domestic consumptionc. increases domestic productiond. all of the above4、in what way

18、does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analysis?a. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeb. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradec. the former but not the latter takes int

19、o consideration the interaction among all marketsin the economyd. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.5、if the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the above6、a small nation is one:a. wh

20、ich does not affect world price by its tradingb. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityc. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of the tariffd. all of the above7、which is not an assumption of the h-o modela. the same techno

21、logy in both nationsb. constant returns to scalec. complete specializationd. equal tastes in both nations8、the h-o model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:a. production in both nationsb. consumption in both nationsc. trade between the two nationsd. all of the above9、intra-industry

22、 trade takes place:a. because products are homogeneousb. in order to take advantage of economies of scalec. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationd. all of the above10、which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theory?a. it depends on

23、 differences in technological changes over time among countriesb. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesc. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to lessadvanced countriesd. all of the above三、calculation problemcalculation probl

24、em（2*152*15 =30=30 ）1.the equation for the demand curve for writing paper in belgium isqd=350-(p/2) or p=700-2qdthe equation for the supply curve for writing paper in belgium isqs=-200+5p or p=40+(qs/5)a.what are the equilibrium price and quantity if there is no international trade?b.what are the eq

25、uilibrium quantities for belgium if the nation can trade freely with the rest ofthe world at a price of 120?c.what is the effect of the shift from no trade to free trade on belgium consumer surplus? onbelgian producer surplus? what is the net national gain or loss for belgium?2.a monopolistically co

26、mpetitive industry exists in both pugelovia and the restof the world, but there has been no trade in this type of product. trade in this type of product is nowopened.a. explain how opening trade affects domestic consumers of this type of product in pugelovia.b. explain how opening trade affects dome

27、stic producers of this type of product in pugelovia.3. here are data on japanese exports and imports, for 2009,for the same seven productsshown for u.s. trade in figure6.2:japanese exportsjapanese importsproduct($ millions)（$millions）perfumes (55310)2223cosmetics (55320)968919household clothes washi

28、ng machines (77511)15618electronic microcircuits (77640)2438116238automobiles (78120)621464576large civilian aircraft (79240)02991photographic cameras (88111)1235a.for each product for japan, calculate the iit share.b.the weighted average of iit shares for these seven products for 2009 for the unite

29、d states(using the data from figure 6.2)is 54.5 percent. for japan for these seven products for 2009, whatis the weighted average of the iit shares? which country has relatively more iit in these sevenproducts?c.japan is an importer of large civilian aircraft. what economics theory or concept best e

30、xplainsthis aspect of japans trade?4.assume that labor is the only factor used in production, and that the costs of producing butter andcloth are given by the table below(15).cost in labor-hours to producehomeforeign1 unit of butter1 unit of cloth1/81/411/2(1) express the price of butter relative to

31、 the price of cloth in terms of labor content for home andforeign in the absence of trade.(2) what do these relative prices reveal about each countrys comparative advantage?(3) what do these relative prices suggest about the world price of butter relative to cloth that willexist once these countries

32、 trade with each other?(4) if the world price stabilizes at 1 with trade, what are the gains by the home country achievedthrough trade with the foreign country?5.the import duty in question is a 5 percent tariff on imported motorcycles. you are given theinformation shown in the table.current situati

33、onestimated situationwith 5 percent tariffwithout tariffworld price of motorcycles$2000 per cycle$2050 per cycletariff at 5 percent$100 per cycle0domestic price$2100 per cycle$2050 per cyclenumber of cycles purchaseddomestically per year100000105000number of cycles produceddomestically per year40000

34、35000number of cycles imported per year6000070000calculate the following:a.the consumer gain from removing the duty.b.the producer loss from removing the duty.c.the government tariff revenue loss.d.the net effect on the countrys well-being.6.a small country imports sugar. with free trade at the worl

35、d price of $0.10 per pound, thecountrys national markets is:domestic production120 million pounds per yeardomestic consumption420 million pounds per yearimports300 million pounds per yearthe countrys government now decides to impose a quota that limits sugar imports to 240 millionpounds per year. wi

36、th the import quota in effect, the domestic price rises to $0.12 per pound, anddomestic production increases to 160 million pounds per year. the government auctions the rightsto import the 240 million pounds.a.calculate how much domestic producers gain or lose from the quota.b.calculate how much dom

37、estic consumers gain or lose from the quota.c.calculate how much the government receives in payment when it auctions the quota rights toimport.d.calculate the net national gain or loss from the quota, explain the economic reason(s) for thisnet gain or loss.7.you are given the following information a

38、bout a countrys international transactions during ayear:merchandise exports$330merchandise imports198service exports196service imports204income flows, net3unilateral transfers, net-8increase in the countrys holding of foreign assets, net( excluding official reserve assets)202increase in foreign hold

39、ings of the countrys assets, net( excluding official reserve assets)102statistical discrepancy, net4a.calculate the values of the countrys goods and services balance, and official settlementsbalance.b.what is the value of the change in official reserve assets ( net)? is the country increasing ordecr

40、easing its net holding of official reserve assets?8.the current rates arespotexchange rate:$2.00/.annual interest rate on 60-day u.s. dollar-denominated bonds:5%.annual interest rate on 60-day pound-denominated bonds:11%.investors currently expect the spot exchange rate to be $1.98/pound in 60 days.

41、a.show that uncovered interest parity holds (approximately) at these rates.b.what is likely to be the effect on the spot exchange rate if the interest rate on 60-day pound-denominated bonds declines to 8 percent? if the dollar interest rate and the expected future spot rateare unchanged, and if unco

42、vered interest parity is reestablished, what will the new current spotexchange rate be? has the pound appreciated or depreciated？9.under the gold standard the fixed price of gold was $20.67 per ounce in the unitedstates, the fixed price of gold was 4.2474 per ounce in britain.a.what is the “fixed” e

43、xchange rate (dollars per pound) implied by these fixed gold prices?b.how would you arbitrage if the exchange rate quoted in the foreign exchange market were$4.00 per pound? (under the gold standard, you could buy or sell gold with each central bank at thefixed price of gold in each country)c.what p

44、ressure is placed on the exchanged rate by this arbitrage?10.for each of the following changs,has the value of the countrys current account balanceincreased,decreased,or stayed the same?.(15)(1) net foreign investment out of the country increases?(2) exports of goods and services increase by $10 bil

45、lion,and imports of goods and servicesincrease by $10 billion?(3)national expenditures on goods and services(e) increase by $150 billion, and production of thegoods and services(y) increases by $100 billion?11.here is further information on the u.s. and pugelovian economies.19752008m sypm sypunited

46、states20,00080010065,0001,000260pugelovia10,00020010058,500300390a.what is the value of k for the united states in 1990? for pugelovia?b.show that the change in price level from 1975 to 2008 for each country is consis-tent with the quantity theory of money with a constant k.12. p403 the current rates are:spot exchange rate: $2.00/.annual interest rate on 60-day u.s. dollardenominated bonds: 5%.annual interest rate on 60-day pound-denominated bonds: 11%.investo