英語(yǔ)口譯技巧之?dāng)?shù)字譯法

1、口譯技巧之?dāng)?shù)字口譯口譯技巧之?dāng)?shù)字口譯Outline導(dǎo)入練習(xí)數(shù)字口譯概述分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯模糊數(shù)字的口譯特殊倍數(shù)的口譯趨勢(shì)數(shù)字的口譯實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練Reading and interpreting numbers properlynRead the following numbers in Englishn123n一萬(wàn)n100000000n87654321nInterpreting numbersn1 億？n 100 mn, 0.1 bnn150 billion?n 15億?nE.g. This amount would be enough to service its $ 10 billion debt

2、. nAmE or BrE?n十億 n一百億n一千億n一萬(wàn)億（avoid using 兆）nInterpreting Chinese ordinal numbers nChallenges : cultural differences cognitive loadsnE.g.1 這是您第幾次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)？nE.g.2 你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？nE.g.3 令公子排行第幾？In Chinese we often hear or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of aski

3、ng/inquiry.n這是您第幾次來(lái)中國(guó)？Is this your first visit to China? This isnt your first visit to China, is it?How many times have you been in China?n你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the first place in the competition?n這孩子是（你的）老幾呀？Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?數(shù)字口譯數(shù)

4、字口譯n數(shù)字翻譯是口譯中的一大難關(guān)，數(shù)字之所以難譯，其中一個(gè)主要原因在于英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)對(duì)于四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字的表達(dá)，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英語(yǔ)數(shù)字以每三位數(shù)為一段位，而漢語(yǔ)則以每四位數(shù)為一段位。 不同的表達(dá)方式不同的表達(dá)方式英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)分節(jié)號(hào)：分節(jié)號(hào)：thousand, million, thousand, million, billion billion（十億）（十億）漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)檔位：個(gè)、十、百、千、檔位：個(gè)、十、百、千、 萬(wàn)、億萬(wàn)、億1, 0 0 0, 0 0 0, 0 0 0bmth億萬(wàn)千數(shù)字的翻譯口譯數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵在于記錄口譯數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵在于記錄填空計(jì)數(shù)填空計(jì)數(shù)bmth十億億千萬(wàn)百萬(wàn)十萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千百十個(gè)

5、第一段位OneTenHundred第二段位ThousandTen thousandHundred thousand第三段位MillionTen millionHundred million第四段位BillionTen billionHundred billion第五段位Trillion第一段位個(gè) 十 百 千 第二段位萬(wàn)十萬(wàn) 百萬(wàn) 千萬(wàn)第三段位億十億百億千億第四段位兆（萬(wàn)億）漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：英語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)1One一10Ten十100One hundred一百1，000One thousand一千10，000Ten thousand一萬(wàn) (首位*10) tho

6、usand100，000One hundred thousand十萬(wàn) (首位*10) thousand1，000，000One million一百萬(wàn)10，000，000Ten million一千萬(wàn) (首位*10) million100，000，000One hundred million一億 (首位*100) million1，000，000，000One billion十億 (首位/10) billion10，000，000，000Ten billion一百億 (首位/10) billion100，000，000，000One hundred billion一千億 (首位/10) billi

7、on1，000，000，000，000One trillion一兆（萬(wàn)億）Common mistakes in interpreting numbers multi-digital numbersn timesn approximate numbersnPronouncing numbersn14% ? 40% ?nTip: 13%-19% common mispronunciationsnHearing numbersnS/SE Asians 14% = 40% ?nU.S. 1000= one thousand? Ten hundred?2.數(shù)字的翻譯數(shù)字的翻譯n一萬(wàn)：一萬(wàn)：10 thou

8、sandn十萬(wàn)：十萬(wàn)：100 thousandn百萬(wàn)：百萬(wàn)：millionn千萬(wàn)：千萬(wàn)：10 millionn億：億： 100 millionn十億：十億：a billion數(shù)字的翻譯n分節(jié)號(hào)的作用分節(jié)號(hào)的作用 five thousand 5, thirty-two thousand 32, five million 5, twenty five million 25, one billion 1,n用橫向方式表現(xiàn)為： billion million thousand萬(wàn) 千 百 十 千 百 十 億，億 萬(wàn) 萬(wàn)，萬(wàn) 萬(wàn) 千，百 十 個(gè) 2， 8 6 3， 5 8 9， 4 0 0漢語(yǔ)讀作： 二十

9、八億六千三百五十八萬(wàn)九千四百英語(yǔ)讀作：two billion, eight hundred sixty-three million, five hundred eighty-nine thousand and four hundredn實(shí)踐是訓(xùn)練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑?？谧g教學(xué)要集中一段時(shí)間專門進(jìn)行數(shù)字口譯訓(xùn)練。譯員只有經(jīng)過(guò)大量反復(fù)的數(shù)字口譯實(shí)踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，達(dá)到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準(zhǔn)確的程度。 nRead the following figures in Chinese: 3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,7813

10、12,6852,345,4101,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270nRead the following Chinese figures in English, and write down the figures in Arabic figures:n六萬(wàn)n五十七萬(wàn)n四百七十六萬(wàn)n九百六十一萬(wàn)n五

11、千九百三十三萬(wàn)n七百五十億n十一億七千五百萬(wàn)n三千五百三十八萬(wàn)五千n九億三千六百七十七萬(wàn)七千分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 Fractions(cardinal no./ordinal no.)六分之一：六分之一： 二分之一：二分之一：四分之一：四分之一：四分之三：四分之三：one-sixtha/one halfa/one quarterthree quarters8%eightpercentn15%fifteenpercentn42%forty-twopercentn4.35%fourpointthreefivepercentn0.5%pointfivepercentn4.032fourp

12、ointnaughtthreetwon71.006seventy-onepointnaughtnaughtsix n1/2onehalf;ahalfn1/3onethirdn1/4aquartern3/5three-fifthsn7/8seven-eighthsn1/10one-tenthn1/100one-hundredth；onepercentn1/1000one-thousandthn14/1000fourteen-thousandthsn1/10000one-tenthousandthsn2-1/2twoandahalfn4-2/3fourandtwo-thirds分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分?jǐn)?shù)

13、和小數(shù)的口譯五分之二：五分之二：十分之七：十分之七：千分之三：千分之三：two-fifthsseven-tenthsthree-thousandths分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 Fractions六十分之九十七：六十分之九十七：七十五分之三十四：七十五分之三十四：ninety-seven over sixty-threethirty-four over seventy-five 分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯六又七分之四：六又七分之四：六又二分之一：六又二分之一：九又四分之三：九又四分之三：sixandfour-seventhssixandahalfnineandthreequarte

14、rs分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.7:0.546: 0.009%:point seven; zero point sevenpoint five four sixzero point o o nine percent分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯9.007：87.36%:nine point 0 0 seven； eighty-seven point three six percent分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.8 萬(wàn)萬(wàn) ：0.7億：億：0.93億：億：56.08萬(wàn)：萬(wàn)：8，000；eight thousand70,000,000; seventy million93,000,

15、000; ninety-three million560,800; five hundred and sixty thousand eight hundredn模糊數(shù)字的口譯模糊數(shù)字的口譯 口譯中經(jīng)常遇到一些模糊數(shù)字，如“幾個(gè)”、“十幾個(gè)”、“幾十個(gè)”、“成百上千個(gè)”等等。模糊數(shù)字的口譯雖也有一定的規(guī)律，但主要靠平時(shí)熟記，用時(shí)才能熟練自如，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。注意以下模糊數(shù)字的口譯n幾個(gè) n十幾個(gè) n幾十個(gè) n幾十年 n七十好幾了 n好幾百個(gè) n成千上萬(wàn) n幾十萬(wàn) nsome; a few;/several; a number ofnmore than 10; no more than twentynd

16、ozens ofnDecadesnwell over seventynhundreds ofnthousands ofnhundreds of thousands ofNote the following ways of uncertain numberswell over seventyin her/his early twentiesin her/his late thirtiesthousands and thousands ofhundreds ofthousands upon thousand ofhundreds of thousands ofmillions ofhundreds

17、 of millions ofa decadea score/four score and seven years agoa generationhalf a centurycentennial Century特殊倍數(shù)的表達(dá)特殊倍數(shù)的表達(dá)n到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番，達(dá)到40,000億美元左右。nQuadruple nBy 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion.n今年的糧食產(chǎn)量比去年增長(zhǎng)2成。 n20%nThe output of grain this yea

18、r increased by 20% over the last year. Usefulverbsn位居世界第二nIs ranked the second/ n中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量位居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額居世界第四。nChinas economy is ranked the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th. nChina is the worlds sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. n上漲，增長(zhǎng)nTo rise, to increase, to

19、climb, to go up, to jump, to soarnA sharp/considerable/slight increase/ risen下降，減少nTo fall, to drop, to decline, to decrease, to reduce，to go downnA sharp/slight drop/decline nTotal 總計(jì)n去年收入總計(jì)人民幣150億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)20%。nThe revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.Shor

20、texpressionsn今年為, 比上年上漲了n, a % increase over the previous/last yearn, up %. n, tons more than last year.n全年產(chǎn)量nThe annual output ofn年均進(jìn)口增速達(dá)到20%nThe import grows at an annual rate of 20%. n國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長(zhǎng)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9%；物價(jià)總水平漲幅得到控制；財(cái)政收入6.13萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)19.5%；糧食連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量10570億斤，創(chuàng)歷史最高水平。nThe national ec

21、onomy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 mill

22、ion tons, a record high.增增/減倍數(shù)的口譯減倍數(shù)的口譯英漢倍數(shù)的表達(dá)有相似之處，也有不同。英漢互譯時(shí)要特別注意不同的英語(yǔ)句型和表達(dá)方法所表示的倍數(shù)概念與漢語(yǔ)不同。英語(yǔ)用times 表示倍數(shù)。無(wú)論在何種句型中都表示乘的關(guān)系，即包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)。請(qǐng)注意以下表示倍數(shù)的英語(yǔ)句型及其含義：A is N times larger（longer，heavier）than B.A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B.這三句英語(yǔ)的含義都是“A的大小(長(zhǎng)度、重量)

23、是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（長(zhǎng)、重）N-1倍”。根據(jù)以上規(guī)律，請(qǐng)看下面英語(yǔ)句子的漢譯：n(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.n地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍)n(2) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased

24、 nearly fourfold.n自本世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了將近四倍，人口翻了一番。結(jié)果，糧食的需求增加了近兩倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。n(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world.n30年內(nèi)，全世界的城市居民將是農(nóng)村人口的兩倍。n(4) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to

25、provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution.n雖然倫敦占地不到40萬(wàn)英畝，卻需要近5000萬(wàn)英畝的土地125倍于它本身的面積來(lái)供給它食品，原木和其他資源，并吸收它產(chǎn)生的污染物。n 漢語(yǔ)倍數(shù)的表示法歸納起來(lái)有兩類：n第一類表示是(原數(shù)的)幾倍，幾倍于(原數(shù))或增加到(原數(shù)的)幾倍。n第二類表示(比原數(shù))大幾倍或(比原數(shù))增加了幾倍；這兩類說(shuō)法含義不同。n第一類表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，與英語(yǔ)倍數(shù)表示法的含義相同。n第二類表示凈增倍數(shù)。n因此，漢語(yǔ)倍數(shù)的英譯首先要區(qū)分不同含義，選用恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

26、句型，靈活準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)。如果用能N times/表示英語(yǔ)的包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，那么漢語(yǔ)的第二類表示“增加了幾倍”的英譯就要用 (N+1) times 來(lái)表示。例如：n去年這個(gè)公司手機(jī)的銷量增長(zhǎng)了近一倍（為原來(lái)的兩倍）。nThe sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly twice last year.nThe sales volume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.n漢語(yǔ)增加倍數(shù)的說(shuō)法很多，英譯時(shí)，首先要仔細(xì)區(qū)分是包括基

27、數(shù)在內(nèi)的增加倍數(shù)還是凈增倍數(shù)，然后決定用N times 還是（N+1）times 來(lái)表達(dá)。 n(1) 過(guò)去20年中，中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)了近五倍。nIn the past 20 years, Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly six times.n(2) 1978年至1997年，中國(guó)人均生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)了3.4倍。nChinas per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997.n(3) 中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增

28、加1.4倍。nThe per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times.n(4) 1949年至1998年, 中國(guó)的糧食總產(chǎn)量由1.1億噸增加到5.1億噸, 增長(zhǎng)3.5倍, 年平均增長(zhǎng)3.1%, 是人口增長(zhǎng)率的2.5倍。nChinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510

29、 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth.n(5) 1997年, 全國(guó)高等學(xué)校在校生總數(shù)為608萬(wàn)人, 其中研究生18萬(wàn)人, 分別是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。nIn 1997，6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,00

30、0 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively.n由于漢語(yǔ)很少用“減少了若干倍”的說(shuō)法，而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說(shuō)法，因此，減少多用百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)表示。 n(1) 由于水災(zāi)，去年的收成減少了三成。nOwing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.n(2) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一，開支減少了四分之一。nThe personnel of the company have been reduced nea

31、rly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.n(3) 1998年，政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。國(guó)務(wù)院下設(shè)部門從40個(gè)減少到29個(gè)，人員減少了近一半。nIn 1998，the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met. Departments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.增增/ /減百分比的口譯減百分比的口譯n“增/減了百分之

32、幾”英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的含義一致，都表示凈增或凈減百分?jǐn)?shù)。英漢增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法有以下幾種：n1) 增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow%ndecrease/drop/fall/sink %n或者nincrease/rise/grow/go up by %ndecrease/drop/fall/go down by %n(1) Between 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebo

33、k.n與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果，從1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的銷售額下降了18%，利潤(rùn)下降了40%多。n(2) By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996, Nikes sales and profits grew 71 percent and 80 percent respectively；meanwhile, Nikes closest rival Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period. n靠平均每天推出

34、一個(gè)以上新（鞋）款式，1995到1996，耐克的銷售額和利潤(rùn)分別上漲了71%和80%。而同期最接近耐克的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手銳步只上漲了9%。n(3) Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.n(美國(guó)) 普羅科特甘布爾公司剛剛把他們的紙制品價(jià)格提高了8%。n(4) Spending on non-durables-everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-rose 30% last year.n去年非耐用品，從皂片、剃須刀到

35、網(wǎng)球鞋的消費(fèi)上升了30%。n(5) In the fiscal year of 2000, ending on March 30, export slumped 11.3 percent in Taiwan, 10 percent in Thailand, 9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Hong Kong. However, the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate in the first quarter.n在3月30日剛剛結(jié)束的2000財(cái)政年度，臺(tái)灣的出

36、口猛跌了11.3%，泰國(guó)10%、南韓9.9%、香港2.4%。然而，中國(guó)大陸卻公布了第一季度7.5%的可觀增長(zhǎng)。(6) In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 percent.n在美國(guó)以農(nóng)業(yè)為主要職業(yè)的人數(shù)1997下降到961560人，比1992下降了8.

37、7%，而年齡在25到34歲的人數(shù)下降了28%。n2) 與相比，增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overndecrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /overn(1) 1999年，普通高校招生規(guī)模比上年擴(kuò)大了47.4%。 University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 pe

38、rcent over the previous year.n (2) 同1997年相比，1998年工業(yè)排污減少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。 Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.n(3) 因受亞洲金融危機(jī)的沖擊，1998年中國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額比上年下降0.4%，其中進(jìn)口總額下降1.5%；出口總額增長(zhǎng)0.5%。 As a result of Asia

39、n financial crises, Chinas total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year, of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent, and the value of export went up by 0.5 percent.n3) 增/減率 be % increase/ rise /growth be % decrease/drop /decline an increase / a

40、rise / a growth rate of % a decrease / drop / decline of % be % up /down be up / down%n1999年，中國(guó)外貿(mào)出口達(dá)1949億美元，比上年增長(zhǎng)6.1%。nChinas total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year.n1998年，中國(guó)全年海外游客入境人數(shù)6348萬(wàn)人次，比上年增長(zhǎng)10.2%, 國(guó)際旅游收入達(dá)126億美元, 增長(zhǎng)4.4%。nIn 1998, China rece

41、ived 63.48 million tourists from overseas, up by 10.2 percent. Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars, up 4.4 percent.n4) 增/減具體數(shù)字的英譯也可用 “by” +具體數(shù)字來(lái)表示。n我國(guó)水土流失面積每年以10,000平方公里的速度在擴(kuò)大。目前，水土流失面積已達(dá)367萬(wàn)平方公里,占總土地面積將近38%。 The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing b

42、y 10,000 square km. annually to 3.67 million square km. at present, accounting for nearly 38 percent of the total land area.n由于低溫多雨的影響, 我國(guó)夏糧減產(chǎn)1460萬(wàn)噸。 Chinas output of summer grain declined by 14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days during the growing period.n漢語(yǔ)增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)的英譯還有一些其它表示法，但不管用

43、什么方法，英語(yǔ)的增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)都是凈增/減數(shù)。n實(shí)踐實(shí)踐是訓(xùn)練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑。n譯員只有經(jīng)過(guò)大量反復(fù)的數(shù)字口譯實(shí)踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，達(dá)到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準(zhǔn)確的程度。英語(yǔ)中有豐富的描述數(shù)字上升、下降或穩(wěn)定的詞匯，即趨勢(shì)語(yǔ)（trend language）。如下列句子中劃線的詞匯：nThe area of cultivated land decreased by 7.6 million hectares, but the yield per hectare rose by an average of 180 kg.nAverage annual grain supply

44、 per person grow from 200 to 400kg, and meat from 9 to 15kg.下面列舉一些英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表達(dá)趨勢(shì)的詞匯：下面列舉一些英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表達(dá)趨勢(shì)的詞匯：n表示上升趨勢(shì)：表示上升趨勢(shì)：an increase增加, a rise提高, a climb爬升, a jump上升, a growth增長(zhǎng); to increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增長(zhǎng), to reach升至, to go up上升。n表示下降趨勢(shì)表示下降趨勢(shì)：a fall下降, a drop跌落, a decline下

45、跌, a decrease減少; to fall下降, to drop跌落, to decline下跌, a decrease減少, to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低點(diǎn), to slow down減速, to decelerate減速。n表示穩(wěn)定：表示穩(wěn)定：to remain (stable)保持，不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; to stand at不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; to level out (off)平衡，穩(wěn)定。漢語(yǔ)： “增加增加N元元”，“增加增加N” 英譯：a N yuan increasea N percent increase英語(yǔ)：a N-fold increa

46、se/increase N-fold/N times表示含義是增加到N倍，不是凈增加數(shù)，其漢語(yǔ)含義凈增數(shù)應(yīng)為N1倍。例證：During the critical year of 1917, Party membership rose tenfold from 20,000 to 200,000. 在關(guān)鍵性的1917年，黨員人數(shù)從二萬(wàn)增加到二十萬(wàn)，即增加了九倍。英語(yǔ)： “倍數(shù)強(qiáng)比較級(jí)倍數(shù)強(qiáng)比較級(jí)”或或“倍數(shù)倍數(shù)over”的句型的句型漢譯： A比B多N1倍或A為B的N倍英語(yǔ)N times 和N-fold用于增減和強(qiáng)弱有多種說(shuō)法，用于增加和強(qiáng)比較的是基數(shù)乘以N，意為“增加到N倍”、“為比較對(duì)象的N倍

47、（如five times greater，即基數(shù)5）；用于減少或弱比較是“減少到”、“為比較對(duì)象的”（如seven times smaller即基數(shù)7，“縮小到七分之一”）。1) Two significant points: as indicated earlier, it is risky trying to do a long series of figure in interpreting without jotting them down in a feasible way. To ensure accuracy it is always helpful and reassuring

48、 to speedily jot them down as they are being uttered (or read) by the original speakers.SomePracticalHintstoRemember2) In the case of C-E and E-C interpretation, figures do require a sufficient amount of training. By figures we mean, in a larger sense, not only a long series of figures combined with

49、 various units of measurements but also a long string of document symbols and long series of proper names (of persons/places).(1) To lay emphasis on the speedy and accurate rendering of figures involving “萬(wàn)” and “億” as a first step.(2) To practice the rapid reading of 5-digit numbers, 8-digit number

50、s and, then, 10-digit numbers, etc. in both Chinese and English, and then combine them with various “units of measurement” until accuracy and fluency are achieved.3)Somepossiblesignsused:Heretwopossiblesetsofsignsorsymbolsareintroduced.(1) Using comma (,) each representing one group of 3 naught, e.g

51、.“forty thousand”, represented by “40,” means “四萬(wàn)”;“six hundred thousand”, represented by “600,” means “六十萬(wàn)”“seven million”, represented by “7,” means “七百萬(wàn)”“thirty million”, represented by “30,” means “三千萬(wàn)”(2) Imitating the system used in Roman numerals with each horizontal line drawn above the nume

52、rals representing one group of three naught. e.g. 59,000 noted as ; 435,000,000 ii. If a number is bigger than a million, the easiest way is to use a point after the number of million. For instance, 396萬(wàn), can be put in this way, 3.96 million. Apply the same way to the following numbers:3,956萬(wàn)39.65mi

53、llion3億9,650萬(wàn)396.5million;If the number is bigger than a billion, adopt the same way to do it. e.g. 129億12.9billion數(shù)字口譯補(bǔ)充材料數(shù)字口譯補(bǔ)充材料n先練習(xí)“大整數(shù)”換算對(duì)譯，再練各個(gè)數(shù)級(jí)換算，最后練習(xí)（million, billion對(duì)譯漢語(yǔ)的一百萬(wàn)、十億）繁雜零瑣的數(shù)字；n盡量利用筆記，提倡在聽辨源語(yǔ)數(shù)字同時(shí)立即譯成譯語(yǔ)（邊聽、邊記、邊譯）用B或b記錄“十億”，用M或m記錄“百萬(wàn)”，如：two billion thirty-four million 2 B 34 M十二億四千萬(wàn)

54、 1 B 240 M點(diǎn)線法點(diǎn)線法中譯外時(shí)，應(yīng)在聽到“億”時(shí)即斜向劃一長(zhǎng)線/，聽到“萬(wàn)”時(shí)再劃同樣的斜長(zhǎng)線/，剩下的數(shù)字則仍用“符號(hào)結(jié)合阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字”的通用方式完成，即三個(gè)零為，兩個(gè)零為，或者一律記阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，但不一定立即譯成相應(yīng)的譯語(yǔ)數(shù)字。例1：一億三千零二萬(wàn)零八百五十八 1/3002/0858例2：一百零一億七千四百八十九萬(wàn)五百四十 101/7489/0540口譯時(shí)，從右向左，逆著原記錄順序每三位打一個(gè)逗號(hào)（分節(jié)號(hào)），便可將這些數(shù)字切分成印歐語(yǔ)系諸語(yǔ)言的進(jìn)位單位了。用此方法，需要牢記分節(jié)號(hào)左位數(shù)的單位。從右向左：第一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“千”位，第二個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“百萬(wàn)”位，第三個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“十億”位。例1：1/30,02/0,858 130M 20Th 8Hu &58例2：10,1/74,89/0,540 10B 174M 890Th 5Hu &40此形式譯成外語(yǔ)很方便，“回譯”成漢語(yǔ)也沒(méi)太大困難。外譯漢（如英文）時(shí)，譯員應(yīng)在聽到billion、million、thousand等位時(shí)，便立即打上一處逗號(hào)。例： thirty two billion four hundred f