(完整word版)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1、i初中英語語法一：形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級一、形容詞和副詞的概念形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質，特征或屬性一種詞類。 它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語。副詞：用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語二、 形容詞和副詞的用法1形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。如:a new book, two big trees等。2形容詞放在系動詞be ,get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel,taste, sound,等之后。如:1.l am short.2.She looks fine.3.They tu

2、r n gree n.3如果形容詞修飾不定代詞something, anything, everything,nothing等時,要放在不定代詞后面。如:something interesting nothing new4副詞放在所修飾的動詞之后、形容詞和副詞之前。如果前面是行為動詞，則 后面用副詞。如：1.She works hard .（修飾動詞）2.I am very busy.（修飾形容詞）3. He runs too quickly .（修飾副詞）4. We play happily.（修飾動詞）5通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。slow_ real _usual t_ carefi

3、il_easy _ happy_heavy _ angi*y _三、形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納大多數形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級， 用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和 不規(guī)則變化兩種。21.規(guī)則變化1.單音節(jié)以及少數雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er或-est原級比較級最咼級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。女口：healthy, funny, busy, hungry,

4、 easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever,narrow等。2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾只加-r或-st原級比較級最咼級nicen icernicestfinefinerfin estlargelargerlargest3.“以輔音字母+y”結尾的詞改y為i，再加-er或-est原級比較級最咼級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunni estbusybusierbusiest4.以一個元音加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，

5、雙寫后面的輔音字母，再加-er或-est原級比較級最咼級thinthinnerthi nn esthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特別提醒1:new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。5.大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞，要在前面加more，most原級比較級最咼級beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimporta ntmore importa ntmost importa ntin terest ingmore in terest ingmost in terest ingexpe n

6、sivemore expe nsivemost expe nsivepopularmore popularmost popular3特別提醒2:以形容前綴un構成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest6.以形容詞+ly構成的副詞要在前面加more，most原級比較級最咼級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyan grilymore an grilymost an grilysoftlymore softlymo

7、st softlyn oisilymore n oisilymost n oisily特別提醒3:early -earlier-earliest7.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞（包括不規(guī)則動詞如know/known）只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。原級比較級最咼級in terest ingmorein terest ingmost in terest ingexcitedmore excitedmost excit ingtiredmore tiredmost tiredbori ngmore bori ngmost bori ng不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最咼級goo

8、d/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthe stoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特別提醒4: further不僅可以指“距離更遠”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個詞組：further study（進修）further education（繼續(xù)教育）further information （進一步的信息）elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如：elder sister（姐姐）elder brother （哥）4

9、less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數名詞，修飾可數名詞表示“更少”要用fewer。四、形容詞副詞比較級最高級使用注意事項比較應在同類事物之間進行。誤：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little,much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, ratherMy sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger t

10、han ours.另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。Im three years older than he.特別提醒5：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。避免重復使用比較級。誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I.正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤：He is more cleverer than his brother.正：He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內比較時，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時 需使用othe

11、r來排除自身。誤：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤：John studies harder than any student in his class.正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder tha

12、n anyone else in his class.5比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of M

13、ichael Jackson.為避免重復， 我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數名詞單數和不可數名詞，those代替可數名詞復數。one既可指人又可 指物，只能代替可數名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interestingthan that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤：In

14、win ter, the weather of Beiji ng is colder tha n it of Sha nghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.“否定詞+比較級”相當于最高級。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier tha

15、n this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級后又有名詞或出 現(xiàn)了of the two，這時比較級前一定要加the。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is tall

16、er than her two sisters.6She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾，構成“a/an+比較級+單數可數名 詞”表示 “一個更的人/物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife?你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？比較級than后應用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復，比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.S

17、he tells more funny jokes than we do.五、形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項：該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二：less +形容詞的原級+ than注意事項： 該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比較 級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級 ，否定就造成了比較級的重復使用。This compu

18、ter is less expensive than that one.句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當，as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決 不能使用比較級。 此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。 確定的依據就是根據第 一個as前的動詞，如果是系動詞（如be,感官動詞look, sou nd, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞，那么 就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。7This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people

19、as politely as her sister.特別提醒：asas之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as +形容詞+ a/an +單數名詞+asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數名詞/可數名詞復數+asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙，我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的一樣多。Well give you as much help as we can.我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個關于asa

20、s的句型：asas one can：盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could.asas possible：盡可能Please help us as quickly as possible.as soon as一就He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示“前者不如后者.”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fa

21、st as you.句型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of /amo ng +比較范圍注意事項：如果這里為副詞最高級， 前面的the常常省略。 介詞in和of的用法完全不 一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同類之間”，of后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。8The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest o

22、f the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六：one of +形容詞最高級+可數名詞復數形式注意事項：one of有三大考點：1.后跟形容詞最高級；2.后接可數名詞復數形式；3.作 主語時主語為one,謂語動詞用單數形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比較級+and +比較級/ more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項：該句型表示“越來越”，如果該形容詞比較級構成形式加er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞

23、比較級加more構成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八：the +比較級+, the +比較級+注意事項：該句型意思為“越就越”，表示兩種情況同時變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.句型九：be differe nt from注意事項：該句型沒有運用比較級，

24、但也是對兩者事物進行比較。 注意前后比較需在同類事 物中進行。My schoolbag is different from yours.句型十：the same as/ the sameas注意事項：9該句型同樣沒有運用比較級，表示兩者之間具有共同特性。注意這里的as和same為固定搭配，不能隨便變換。I dont want to buy the same things as Amy did.句型十一：比較級+than + any other +名詞單數形式注意事項：any other后面跟單數名詞，表示“任何別的”， 即主語在范圍內，必須把自身 從這一范圍內除去， 否則邏輯上不通。 如果主語不在這一范圍內， 那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（上海在中國這個范圍內，所以用any other）Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu