高中英語 Unit 6 Design Section Ⅴ 單元語法突破課件 北師大版必修2 (22)

1、Module 5A Lesson in a Lab詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 Life is full of surprising changes.Here are two changes for you to explore.Chemical Change and Physical ChangeThere are two kinds of changes in our daily lifethe chemical change and the physical change.In a chemical change,there is always a new substance formed

2、.Breaking up water into hydrogen1 and oxygen is a chemical change.In each of the chemical change at least one new substance is formed.A change is not a chemical change if it doesnt form a new substance.詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 Physical changes are very common,too.There are many examples.You can make a physical

3、 change by tearing2 a piece of paper into two,or by cutting a piece of iron with a lathe3.Here the paper is still paper,and the iron is still iron.Another way of making a physical change is dissolving something in water.When you dissolve salt in water,the salt disappears.You may think that a new sub

4、stance has been formed.But in fact there is no new substance.The salt is still salt.You can still taste it.So the dissolving of something is usually a physical change.詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 When water freezes,the change is also a physical one.The water changes from liquid to solid.But it is still the same su

5、bstance.That is why the freezing of anything is a physical change.And people often tell the differences between a chemical change and a physical change through some experiments.In this module,lets explore4 the magical science world by doing experiments by ourselves.詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 譯文:化學(xué)變化和物理變化日常生活中存在兩

6、種變化,它們是化學(xué)變化和物理變化。詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 在化學(xué)變化中總是有新的物質(zhì)生成。把水分解成氫氣和氧氣是一種化學(xué)變化。在每一次的化學(xué)變化中至少有一種新的物質(zhì)生成。沒有新的物質(zhì)生成的變化不是化學(xué)變化。物理變化也很常見。有很多例子(可以說明這個(gè)問題)。你可以通過把一張紙撕成兩部分或用機(jī)床切割鐵塊來產(chǎn)生物理變化。在這個(gè)變化中紙仍然是紙,鐵塊仍然是鐵塊。另一種產(chǎn)生物理變化的方法是在水中溶解某種物質(zhì)。當(dāng)你把鹽溶解在水中時(shí),鹽不見了。你或許會(huì)認(rèn)為有一種新的物質(zhì)生成了。但事實(shí)上并沒有新物質(zhì)生成。鹽還是鹽。你仍然能夠嘗到它。所以溶解通常屬于物理變化。詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 當(dāng)水結(jié)冰時(shí),這種變化

7、也是物理變化。只不過水從液態(tài)變成了固態(tài),但它仍然是同一種物質(zhì)。那就是為什么所有的凝固都是物理變化。人們常常通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來區(qū)分化學(xué)變化和物理變化。在本模塊中,讓我們通過自己做實(shí)驗(yàn)來探索神奇的科學(xué)世界吧。詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 1.substance sbsts n.物質(zhì),東西2.hydrogen haIdrdn n.氫氣3.lathe leI n.車床4.explore Ikspl v.探測(cè),探索詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 You can make a physical change by tearing a piece of paper into two,or by cutting a pie

8、ce of iron with a lather.譯文:你可以通過把一張紙撕成兩部分或用機(jī)床切割鐵塊來產(chǎn)生物理變化。分析:本句是簡單句,其中by doing是固定搭配,“通過的方式”。詞海拾貝 難句分析理解誘思 1.Which of the statements is true?A.In a physical change,there is often a new thing formed.B.Only one new substance is formed in a chemical change.C.The passage is developed by giving examples.D

9、.Only by doing experiments can we tell a physical change from a chemical change.2.Can you give an example to show the differences between a physical change and a chemical change?參考答案:C參考答案:The answer varies. Section Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary一二三四Pre-reading一、寫作詞匯語境考查,預(yù)習(xí)Introduction,Reading

10、and Vocabulary部分的詞匯,完成下列對(duì)話或語段。1.Whats your(目標(biāo)) of life?To change the world by inventing things.2.How did they (反應(yīng)) to the new rule?They were strongly against it.3.What (結(jié)論) can we reach from the experiment?It doesnt melt without water.aim react conclusion 一二三四4.You look tired.Youd better (均衡) your t

11、ime between work and relaxation.5.What does your headteacher like?Hes an (普通) man with a pair of glasses.6.We should (形成) a good habit of studying.balance ordinary form 一二三四二、閱讀詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary部分的詞匯,閱讀下列句子,寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.What does water change into if heated?It changes from liq

12、uid to steam., 2.What is soil made up of?Various chemical substances. 3.Without electricity,what would our life be like?It would be harder. 液體 水汽 物質(zhì) 電 一二三四4.Objects expand when heated,but what will happen if cooled?They will contract., 5.To do the experiment,first,boil some water.Then dissolve a tab

13、let in it.After a while youll see something floating on the water., 膨脹 收縮 煮 溶解 漂浮 一二三四While-reading三、閱讀Reading and Vocabulary中的Passage A,選出正確參考答案1.reacts the most with oxygen and water.A.PotassiumB.CalciumC.Aluminium D.Iron2.Which of the metals reacts the least with oxygen and water?A.Sodium.B.Magne

14、sium.C.Potassium.D.Copper.參考答案:A參考答案:D一二三四3.When heated in oxygen,magnesium .A.burns to form hydrogenB.burns to form an oxideC.reacts slowly D.doesnt react at all4.Which metal doesnt react with water?A.Iron. B.Aluminium.C.Copper.D.Sodium.5.Which metal reacts slowly when it is heated in oxygen?A.Iron

15、. B.Copper.C.Zinc. D.Calcium.參考答案:B參考答案:C參考答案:A 一二三四Post-reading四、下面一段文章是課文原文的濃縮,仔細(xì)閱讀并根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容將其補(bǔ)充完整From Passage A we know the 1. of metals with some 2. such as water and oxygen can be 3.It can be seen the metals react most 4. and the metals react least 5. .When you heat calcium in oxygen,youll find i

16、t burns to form an oxide.And it can easily be seen copper doesnt 6. water.reaction substances put in order at the top at the bottom react with 一二三四In the first part of the experiment in Passage B,the air is dry,not wet.It shows that iron doesnt 7. when the air is dry.In the second part of the experi

17、ment,you must 8. the water to make sure there is no air in it.You 9. some oil to the water because this 10. air out of it.It shows that iron doesnt rust in water that has no air in it.rust boil add keeps 12345671.When you heat a metal,it expands.(P41)當(dāng)你加熱金屬時(shí),它會(huì)膨脹。考點(diǎn):expand vi. 膨脹A tyre expands when

18、you pump air into it.輪胎一打氣就鼓起來?？键c(diǎn)延伸1)閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的意義Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years.我們的對(duì)外貿(mào)易近年來已有極大的發(fā)展。意義:發(fā)展The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine.花瓣在陽光下張開了。意義:伸展,張開12345672)閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的意義The waist expands to fit all sizes.腰圍可拉松適合任何尺碼。意義:變大,擴(kuò)大Can you extend your vi

19、sit for a few days longer?你能多停留幾天嗎?意義:伸長,延長The sweater has stretched.這件毛衣給撐得變形了。意義:拉長;撐大;撐松The disease is spreading fast.這種病正在迅速蔓延。意義:(使)蔓延,擴(kuò)散,散開1234567辨析:(1)expand展開、擴(kuò)大,不僅指尺寸的增加,還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。(2)extend伸出,延伸,指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大,以及長度、寬度的朝外延伸,也可指時(shí)間的延長。(3)stretch伸展,拉長,一般指由曲變直,由短變長的伸展,不是加長。(4)spread伸開,傳播,一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳

20、播的范圍,如傳播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。1234567As the flu is spreading through the whole school,the headmaster has decided to extend the holiday by another two days.Most students can lie in bed,stretching themselves to have a rest.因?yàn)榱鞲姓谡麄€(gè)校區(qū)蔓延開來,校長已決定假期再延長兩天。多數(shù)學(xué)生可以躺在床上,舒展身體休息一下了。1234567參考答案:1)expand2)expanded 1234567參

21、考答案: 3)expand4)extends 5)spread(s)6)stretched 12345672.It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)很難想象一個(gè)沒有金屬的世界。分析:本句句型:Its+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式短語,句型中it為形式主語,動(dòng)詞不定式短語為真正的主語?？键c(diǎn):think of想象,設(shè)想In every beginning think of the end.凡事開頭時(shí)就要想想后果。1234567考點(diǎn)延伸1)閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞組的意義There are so many things to think of b

22、efore we decide.我們要考慮到許多方面然后才能做決定。意義:考慮Sorry,I cant think of your name.對(duì)不起,我想不起你的名字了。意義:想起,記起They all thought of her as a nice girl.他們都認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)好女孩。意義:認(rèn)為,有的看法Can anybody think of a way to raise money to help the poor?有人能想出籌款的辦法來幫助那些貧窮的人嗎?意義:想出12345672)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的搭配及意義We think highly of our new teache

23、r,as she is patient.我們高度評(píng)價(jià)我們的新老師,因?yàn)樗苡心托?。搭?think highly of意義:高度評(píng)價(jià) Shes thinking about changing her job.她正考慮要換個(gè)工作。搭配:think about意義:考慮 Please think over what Ive said.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮我說的話。搭配:think over意義:仔細(xì)考慮 1234567Have you thought of a way to deal with the problem?I have been thinking about it.Please think it

24、 over and find a way.你想出解決這個(gè)問題的辦法了嗎?我一直在考慮這個(gè)問題。請(qǐng)你仔細(xì)考慮一下,找找辦法。think of 考慮,想出think highly of 高度評(píng)價(jià)think about 考慮think over 仔細(xì)考慮1234567123456712345673.Different metals have different uses,for example,steel is used in cars,and iron is used in electrical equipment.(P44)不同的金屬有著不同的用途。譬如,鋼用于車輛,鐵用于電子設(shè)備?？键c(diǎn):equ

25、ipment n. 設(shè)備;裝備All the equipment in their factory is out of date.他們廠的設(shè)備都過時(shí)了。1234567考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性、搭配、意義或用法She borrowed money to rent and equip a small workshop.她借錢來租用和裝備一個(gè)小車間。詞性:動(dòng)詞意義:裝備,配備Youd better equip your bicycle with a headlight.你最好在你的自行車上裝個(gè)前燈。搭配:equip sb/sth with sth意義:用某物來裝備某人或某物123456

26、7Your training will equip you for your future job.你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。搭配:equip sb for sth意義:使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備,使某人有能力做某事He bought a new piece of equipment.他購買了一件新設(shè)備。用法:a piece of equipment表示一件設(shè)備,不可數(shù)名詞1234567He bought many new pieces of equipment to equip himself for the journey through the desert.他買了許多新設(shè)備來為穿越沙

27、漠做準(zhǔn)備。equipment n.設(shè)備;裝備(不可數(shù)名詞)equip v.裝備,配備equip sb/sth with sth用某物來裝備某人或某物equip sb for sth使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備,使某人有能力做某事1234567123456712345674.When we use metals,it is important to know how they react with different substances,for example,water and oxygen.(P44)使用金屬時(shí),要了解金屬和不同的物質(zhì)(例如水和氧)如何發(fā)生反應(yīng),這一點(diǎn)很重要?？键c(diǎn):react vi

28、.(化學(xué))反應(yīng)Sodium and water react (together).鈉和水(在一起)能起反應(yīng)。1234567考點(diǎn)延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的搭配及意義Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.鐵與水和空氣起反應(yīng)而生銹。搭配:react with意義:與起反應(yīng) How did they react to our suggestion?他們對(duì)我們的建議反應(yīng)如何?搭配:react to意義:作出反應(yīng),回應(yīng) Most people reacted against the passing of the law.多數(shù)人反對(duì)通過這項(xiàng)法律

29、。搭配:react against意義:反對(duì),反抗 12345672)閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的詞性及意義Reactions to the plan have been mixed so far.到目前為止,人們對(duì)該計(jì)劃的反應(yīng)不一。詞性:名詞意義:反應(yīng),回應(yīng)The chemistry teacher explained the reaction of iron with oxygen to us.化學(xué)老師給我們解釋了鐵與氧氣的反應(yīng)。詞性:名詞意義:化學(xué)反應(yīng)1234567This kind of metal doesnt react with water and air,which amazed

30、 us.How do you react to the result?這種金屬不與空氣和水反應(yīng),這讓我們很驚訝。你對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果有何反應(yīng)?react with 與起反應(yīng)react to 作出反應(yīng),回應(yīng)react against 反對(duì),反抗reaction n. 反應(yīng),回應(yīng);化學(xué)反應(yīng)123456712345675.Aim:To find out if iron rusts (a)in dry air;(b)in water that has no air in it(air-free water);(c)in ordinary water.(P45)目標(biāo):研究鐵是否在下列狀態(tài)下生銹:(a)在干燥的空

31、氣中;(b)在不含空氣的水中(沒有空氣的水);(c)在普通的水中。分析:if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,意為“是否”,可用whether代替?？键c(diǎn)一:aim n.目標(biāo);目的He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.他喜歡做實(shí)驗(yàn),而且他的目標(biāo)就是成為一名像他父親一樣的科學(xué)家。歸納:當(dāng)aim作主語時(shí),常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語。1234567考點(diǎn)延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及意義He aimed (his gun) at the target.他(用槍)瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)。詞性:動(dòng)詞意義:瞄準(zhǔn)2)閱讀下列

32、句子,指出黑體詞的搭配及意義He raised his bow and began to take aim at the bird.他舉起弓,開始瞄準(zhǔn)那只鳥。搭配:take aim at意義:瞄準(zhǔn) 1234567We should aim at doing something useful to the society.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)旨在做一些對(duì)社會(huì)有益的事情。搭配:aim at sth/doing sth意義:目標(biāo)是;旨在做某事I aim to be a policeman when I leave school.我打算畢業(yè)以后當(dāng)名警察。搭配:aim to do sth意義:打算做某事 These

33、 measures are aimed at preventing air pollution.這些措施旨在防止空氣污染。搭配:be aimed at意義:旨在,目的在于 1234567I always aim to become a successful man.With this aim,I came to Shanghai last year.I aimed at finding a better life.我一直想成為一名成功人士。帶著這個(gè)目標(biāo),去年,我來到了上海,旨在尋求一種更好的生活。1234567aim n.目標(biāo),目的v.瞄準(zhǔn)take aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)aim at (doing

34、) sth 目標(biāo)是;旨在做某事aim to do sth 打算做某事be aimed at 目的在于1234567考點(diǎn)二:ordinary adj. 普通的;平常的The film represented the life of ordinary people.這部影片展現(xiàn)了普通人的生活?？键c(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的意義The TV series Red Sorghum is very popular among ordinary people in China.電視劇紅高粱在中國普通老百姓中深受歡迎。意義:平常的,普通的,平凡的,平淡無奇的1234567Pine trees are c

35、ommon throughout the world.松樹在世界各處都很常見。意義:常見的,普通的注意:common還表示“大眾的,共有的”。 It is usual for him to stay up late at night.他對(duì)熬夜已習(xí)以為常。意義:通常的,慣常的 The doctor said his temperature was normal.醫(yī)生說他的體溫很正常。意義:正常的,常態(tài)的12345671234567 Such weather in Beijing is common to ordinary people.They hope it can return to nor

36、mal after days of heavy fog.這樣的天氣對(duì)北京普通百姓來說很常見,他們希望幾天的大霧之后,天氣能恢復(fù)正常。1234567123456756123476.ConclusionIron does not rust in dry air.(P45)結(jié)論鐵在干燥的空氣中不生銹。考點(diǎn):conclusion n. 結(jié)論What conclusions do you draw from the survey?你從調(diào)查中得出什么結(jié)論?考點(diǎn)延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的搭配及意義I came to/reached the conclusion that lead is twice as heavy as iron.我得出了鉛是鐵的兩倍重的結(jié)論。搭配:come to/reach the conclusion that.意義:斷定/得出的結(jié)論是注意:本句中that從句為同位語從句。5612347It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts.從事實(shí)中得出結(jié)論很重要。搭配:draw a conclusion from.意義:從中得出結(jié)論In conclusion,working hard is the only w