Chap全球化和國際化PPT課件

1、第1頁/共43頁Course Description課程介紹課程介紹 Credits: 2 （2學(xué)分） Hours Arrangement: 3 hours per week（周3學(xué)） Course Prerequisite（前續(xù)課：）International Marketing國際商務(wù)營銷International Trade Practice and Management國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)International Commercial Law國際商法第2頁/共43頁 PROGRESSIVE ASSESSMENT（總評分）Coursework assignment (30%)平時(shí)占30%90

2、minutes examination (70%)期末考試占70%第3頁/共43頁Course setbook第4頁/共43頁Syllabus提綱提綱 Week 2 Introduction to the Course and Chapter One : Globalization and International Linkages引言及第一章：全球化和國際化 Chapter 2 The Political, Legal, and Technological Environment政治、法律和技術(shù)環(huán)境 Week 3 Chapter 3 Ethics and Social Responsibi

3、lity商業(yè)倫理和社會責(zé)任第5頁/共43頁 Chapter 4 The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture文化的內(nèi)涵與維度 Week 4 Chapter 5 Managing Across Cultures跨文化管理 Week 5 Chapter 6 Organizational Cultures and Diversity組織文化與多樣性 Week 6 Chapter 7 Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation跨文化溝通與談判第6頁/共43頁 Week 7 Chapter 8 Strategy Formula

4、tionand Implementation戰(zhàn)略制定與實(shí)施 Week 8 Chapter 9 Entry Strategies and Organizational Structures進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略和組織結(jié)構(gòu) Week 9 Chapter 10 Managing Political Risk, Government Relations, and lliances管理政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、政府關(guān)系和聯(lián)盟第7頁/共43頁 Week 10 Chapter 11 Management Decision and Control決策與控制 Week 11 Chapter 12 Motivation Across Cult

5、ures跨文化激勵(lì) Chapter 13 Leadership Across Cultures跨文化領(lǐng)導(dǎo) Week 12 Chapter 14 Human Resource Selection and Development Across Cultures跨文化人力資源選擇與開發(fā) Revision 、 examination復(fù)習(xí)考試第8頁/共43頁Globalization and International Linkages全球化和全球化和國際化國際化Chapter OneMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companie

6、s, Inc. All Rights Reserved.第9頁/共43頁Globalization and International Linkages全球化和國際化全球化和國際化 The specific objectives of this chapter are to學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. ASSESS the implications of globalization for countries, industries, firms, and communities.評估全球化對國家、產(chǎn)業(yè)、公司和社區(qū)的影響 2. REVIEW the major trends in global and re

7、gional integration.分析全球化和區(qū)域一體化的趨勢 3. EXAMINE the changing balance of global economic power and trade and investment flows among countries.考察國家間經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、貿(mào)易和投資流動的動態(tài)平衡 4. ANALYZE the major economic systems and recent developments among countries that reflect those systems.分析反映這些體系的國家間的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體系和最近的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略第10頁/共4

8、3頁International Management國際管理國際管理 International management involves國際管理包含 Applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment and應(yīng)用管理的理念和技術(shù)于跨國經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境之中 Adapting management practices to different economic, political, and cultural environments.針對不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化環(huán)境采取合適的管理實(shí)踐 Multinationa

9、l corporation (MNC)跨國公司 Operations in more than one country多國運(yùn)作業(yè)務(wù) International sales國際市場銷售份額 Nationality mix of managers and owners不同國籍的管理者和所有者第11頁/共43頁The Worlds Top Nonfinancial MNCsRanked by Foreign Assets, 2007 第12頁/共43頁The Worlds Top Nonfinancial MNCs from Developing Countries Ranked by Foreig

10、n Assets, 2007第13頁/共43頁Globalization and Internationalization Globalization全球化全球化 Process of social, political, economic, cultural, and technological integration among countries around the world.世界上國家之間的社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和技術(shù)整合一體化的過程 Hastened by受推動于 Offshoring離岸生產(chǎn)離岸生產(chǎn) Process by which companies undertake so

11、me activities at offshore locations instead of their countries of origin. 企業(yè)將某些行為轉(zhuǎn)移到國外實(shí)施，而不是放在國內(nèi) Outsourcing外包外包 Subcontracting or contracting out of activities to external organizations that had previously been performed by the firm.企業(yè)將原來自身的一些行為以合約的形式交給別的企業(yè)去做第14頁/共43頁Globalization: Pros and Cons利弊利

12、弊 Benefits of Globalization全球化的好處 Wealth財(cái)富 Jobs工作 Technology技術(shù) Lower prices廉價(jià) Criticisms of Globalization批評意見 off-shoring of business service jobs to lower-wage countries離岸業(yè)務(wù)給低工資國家工作 growing trade deficits增大了貿(mào)易赤字 slow wage growth低工資增長率 environmental and social impacts環(huán)保和社會問題第15頁/共43頁Global and Regio

13、nal Integration全球和區(qū)域一體化全球和區(qū)域一體化 Global Agreements全球協(xié)議 World Trade Organization (WTO)世貿(mào)組織 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定 Regional Agreements區(qū)域協(xié)議 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自貿(mào)協(xié)定 U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)美國中美洲自貿(mào)協(xié)定 European Union (EU)歐盟 Asso

14、ciation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)東盟 Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) 美洲自貿(mào)區(qū)第16頁/共43頁International Economic Power in the Global Economy全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力 Shifting landscape due to經(jīng)濟(jì)呈現(xiàn)新面貌源于 Economic integration 經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 Economic potential of emerging markets新興市場國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力 BRIC count

15、ries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China,add South Africa) could be among the five most dominant economies by 2050到2050年金磚國家可能進(jìn)入5個(gè)最突出的經(jīng)濟(jì)行列(巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國，加上南非)第17頁/共43頁The Worlds Largest Economies 2005 and 2020 (Projected) Measured by GDP at Market Exchange Rates全球全球2005年最大年最大經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國以及依據(jù)現(xiàn)行市場匯率預(yù)測的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國以及依據(jù)現(xiàn)行

16、市場匯率預(yù)測的2020年全球最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體年全球最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體第18頁/共43頁The Worlds Largest Economies 2005 and 2020 (Projected) Measured by GDP at Purchasing Power Parity依據(jù)購買力平依據(jù)購買力平價(jià)預(yù)測價(jià)預(yù)測第19頁/共43頁Changing Demographics: Developing Countries on the Rise (ranked by size)人口變化：發(fā)展中國家正人口變化：發(fā)展中國家正在上升（按規(guī)模排名）在上升（按規(guī)模排名）第20頁/共43頁Trends in Trade a

17、nd International Investments國際貿(mào)易和投資趨勢國際貿(mào)易和投資趨勢v International Trade國際貿(mào)易 In 2009 merchandise and commercial services exports declined 商品和服務(wù)出口在2009年下降v Foreign direct investment (FDI) 直接投資 Investment in property, plant, or equipment in another country在其他國家的資產(chǎn)、廠房和設(shè)備方面的投資vGrowing at healthy rate （全球貿(mào)易和投

18、資）以健康的速率增長vOutpacing domestic growth in most countries（全球貿(mào)易和投資）在絕大多數(shù)國家超過了國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長vDeclined in 2009 due to the global recession第21頁/共43頁World Merchandise Trade by Region and Selected Country, 2009 地區(qū)和國家商品貿(mào)易地區(qū)和國家商品貿(mào)易(in U.S.$ billions or percent)第22頁/共43頁World Foreign Direct Investment Inflows 世界世界FDI流入

19、量流入量(in U.S.$ millions)第23頁/共43頁World Foreign Direct Investment Outflows 流出量流出量(in U.S.$ millions)第24頁/共43頁Global Economic Systems全球經(jīng)濟(jì)體系全球經(jīng)濟(jì)體系 Market Economy 市場經(jīng)濟(jì)P17 Command Economy計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)P18 Mixed Economy混合經(jīng)濟(jì)P18第25頁/共43頁Economic Performance by Major World Region主要地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)主要地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn) Established Economies

20、發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體 North America北美 European Union歐盟 Japan日本 Emerging Economies新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體 Central and Eastern Europe中東歐 China中國 Other Emerging Markets of Asia 亞洲其他新興市場 India印度 Developing Economies on the Verge欠發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū) South America南美 Middle East and Central Asia中東和中亞 Africa 非洲第26頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEstablished E

21、conomies發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體表現(xiàn)v North America北美 One of the four largest trading blocs in the world世界四大貿(mào)易集團(tuán)之一vCombined purchasing power of U.S., Canada and Mexico approaches $12 trillion 美、加、墨綜合購買力接近12萬億美元 Free-market-based economy is attractive to private firms自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)吸引私人公司v United States美國 Foreign MNCs find U.S. a

22、 lucrative expansion market外國跨國公司發(fā)現(xiàn)美國是個(gè)盈利的擴(kuò)張的市場 Foreign firms welcomed as investors in U.S. market美國市場歡迎外國公司投資 U.S. firms hold market dominance in many European markets; gaining market share in Asia第27頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEstablished EconomiesvCanadaU.S.s largest trading partner美國最大的貿(mào)易伙伴大多數(shù)最大的加

23、拿大外資公司是美國獨(dú)資Legal and business environment in Canada is similar to that in U.S.法律和商業(yè)環(huán)境美加相似vMexicoStrongest Latin American economy拉丁美洲最強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體Very strong maquiladora industry非常強(qiáng)大的加工貿(mào)易產(chǎn)業(yè)Trade with both Europe and Asia has increased與歐亞貿(mào)易增長Now competitive with Asia for the U.S. market第28頁/共43頁Economic Perf

24、ormanceEstablished Economies European Union Ultimate objective最終目標(biāo) Eliminate all trade barriers among member countries消除所有的貿(mào)易壁壘 Emergence of the EU as an operational economic union歐盟作為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行單位而出現(xiàn) A unified Europe could become the largest economic market in terms of purchasing power in the world一個(gè)聯(lián)合的

25、歐洲可以成為世界購買力最大的市場 Foreign MNCs trying to gain foothold in EU 跨國公司試圖在歐盟獲得立足 Acquisitions, alliances, cooperative R&D efforts收購、聯(lián)合、合作研發(fā) Economic linkages between the EU and newly emerging Central and Eastern European countries在歐盟與中東歐新成員國間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系 Challenge is to absorb former communist bloc countries挑

26、戰(zhàn)是吸收前共產(chǎn)集團(tuán)國家 Financial crises in Greece and Ireland putting pressure on the euro 希臘和愛爾蘭的財(cái)政危機(jī)給歐元帶來了壓力第29頁/共43頁Economic Performance Established Economies Japan Huge economic success in 1970s and 1980s巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)成功 Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)通商產(chǎn)業(yè)省 Keiretsus綜合商社 Vertically integrated ind

27、ustries垂直的一體化企業(yè)集團(tuán) Holdings provide assistance needed in providing goods and services to end users（綜合商社）各部門為最終消費(fèi)者提供商品和服務(wù)資助 Decade long recession in 1990s十年長衰退 More competition from emerging economies來自新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的競爭 Poor management decisions欠缺的管理決策 Remains a formidable competitor in the Pacific Rim, North

28、America, and Europe在環(huán)太平洋、北美和歐洲中仍然是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的競爭者第30頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體 Central and Eastern Europe中東歐 Russia俄羅斯 Dismantling of price controls and privatization取消價(jià)格控制和私有化 Membership in International Monetary Fund (IMF) controlling inflation加入國際貨幣基金組織利于控制通脹 Crime and political u

29、ncertainty犯罪和政治的不穩(wěn)定 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland捷克、匈牙利波蘭 Privatization私有化 Inflation通脹 Political uncertainty 政治不穩(wěn)定第31頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies China Real economic growth of 12 percent in 2007, 9 percent in 2008, and 11.5 percent in 2009高增長率 Savings glut in corporate sector企業(yè)部門產(chǎn)能

30、過剩 Vast developmental needs巨大的發(fā)展需求 Unemployment concerns 失業(yè)憂慮 Attractive to investors despite political risk盡管政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍吸引投資者 Product pirating is a major problem產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)是一主要問題 Currency value幣值估價(jià)問題 Government policies favor domestic firms政府政策偏向于本國企業(yè)第32頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies South Korea南韓

31、 Chaebols財(cái)閥財(cái)閥 Very large family-held conglomerates大的家族聯(lián)合大企業(yè) Solid economy, moderate growth and inflation, low unemployment穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)，溫和的增長和通脹，低失業(yè) Hong Kong香港 Part of Peoples Republic of China回歸中國 Uncertainty about the role the Chinese government中國政府角色的不確定第33頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies Si

32、ngapore新加坡 Success story成功典范 Leader and financial center for region地區(qū)領(lǐng)袖和金融中心 Taiwan臺灣 Progressed from labor-intensive economy to one dominated by technologically sophisticated industries逐步由勞動密集型企業(yè)占主導(dǎo)地位發(fā)展到技術(shù)密集型企業(yè)占主導(dǎo)地位 banking, electricity generation, petroleum refining and computers銀行、發(fā)電、石油加工和計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)第3

33、4頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia泰國、馬來西亞、印度尼西亞 Large population base大的人口基礎(chǔ) Inexpensive labor廉價(jià)勞動力 Considerable natural resources可供考慮的自然資源 Attractive to outside investors對外面投資者的吸引第35頁/共43頁Economic PerformanceEmerging Economies India印度 Large population巨大的人口 Re

34、cent trend of locating software and high value-added services to this country boosting middle- and upper-class market for goods and services 近來出現(xiàn)的設(shè)立軟件和高附加值服務(wù)業(yè)的趨勢促進(jìn)了中高級商品和服務(wù)市場 Attractive to U.S. and British investors吸引美英投資者 well educated, English speaking, technologically sophisticated workers良好的教育、講

35、英語、技術(shù)上的高端人員第36頁/共43頁Economic Performance Developing Economies on the Verge欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū) South America南美 Hampered by foreign debt and severe inflation受限于外債和嚴(yán)重的通脹 But, intercountry trade is increasing但國家之間的貿(mào)易在增長 Countries looking to do business with U.S.依賴與美國的貿(mào)易 Brazil 巴西 Economy is now flourishing and attracting investment from MNCs經(jīng)濟(jì)目前繁榮且吸引跨國公司投資 Privatization and stabl