漢譯英短文翻譯練習(xí)

1、漢譯英短文翻譯 清華在線 1 近年來，中國城市化進人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時也出現(xiàn)了種種錯綜復(fù)雜的問題。今天的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)速度之快、規(guī)模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠非生產(chǎn)力低下時期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經(jīng)濟活動。（102字）難點注釋： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速階段an accelerating phase 3）錯綜復(fù)雜的問題some complicated problems 4）遠非所能及surpass5）重大的經(jīng)濟活動a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600萬人染上了艾滋病這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是

2、全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經(jīng)濟來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20以上。（119字）難點注釋： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）頭號罪魁the chief culprit 3）使喪失deprive of4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 當(dāng)今中國，對傳真機的使用已十分普及，并成為現(xiàn)代重要的通訊終端設(shè)備。據(jù)一項調(diào)查顯示，2002年，中國市場對傳真機的需求量約為200萬臺，國內(nèi)產(chǎn)量僅滿足了約30%的需求，進口機占據(jù)市場的主導(dǎo)地位。（89字）難

3、點注釋： 1）傳真機fax machines 2）通訊終端設(shè)備telecommunications terminal equipment3）占主導(dǎo)地位dominate 4 2000年，美國數(shù)碼相機的銷量達到驚人的510萬臺，而1999年只有310萬臺。數(shù)碼相機的流行其原因非常簡單：成像質(zhì)量好且花費少。此外，使用數(shù)碼相機還能省去不少麻煩。你不用買膠卷，所有的照片都被存在可反復(fù)使用的存儲卡上。一按快門，就可以馬上在液晶顯示屏上觀察照片的效果。（124字）難點注釋： 1）數(shù)碼相機digital camera 2）可反復(fù)使用的存儲卡reusable memo叮cards 3）按快門press the

4、shutter4）液晶顯示屏the LCD screen 5 由于歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟上的原因，全世界講英語、用英語的人為數(shù)最多。但是英語之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語自身的一些特性和特點不無相關(guān)。其中最重要的一點就是英語特別容易接受和適應(yīng)英語中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語言的材料。（113字）難點注釋： 1）流行popularity 2) 自身特性和特點qualities and characteristics in itself 3）不無相關(guān)have to do with4）容易接受和適應(yīng)receptive and adaptable 5）吸收take into 6 多年來

5、，家長和老師都曾得到過這樣一種信息：盡量利用任何機會表揚孩子，對他們所干的任何事情都要說好據(jù)說這樣做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年來許多教育家和兒童心理學(xué)家正在得出一種完全相反的結(jié)論，他們認為對孩子往往少一些贊揚為好。（113字）難點注釋： 1）得到信息get the message 2）盡量利用任何at almost any opportunity 3）自尊self-esteem 4）兒童心理學(xué)家child psychologist5）得出完全相反的結(jié)論drawing a completely different conclusion 7 會議期間，有3個問題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強和鞏

6、固農(nóng)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的地位和作用，提高農(nóng)民收人；調(diào)整和改進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，改進和加快區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業(yè)和再就業(yè)步伐，改善社會保障制度。（100字）難點注釋： 1）受到特別重視be highlighted for special attention 2）加強和鞏固consolidate and strengthen 3）調(diào)整和改進readjust and optimize 4）區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟regional economies5）下崗工人laid-off workers 8當(dāng)今世界的競爭是人才的競爭。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學(xué)生中，從香港、澳門、臺灣吸收和利用人才來加強我們在世

7、界上的競爭能力。引進這些人才的重點是那些開放程度越來越大、競爭越來越激烈的部門，比如說銀行、保險等行業(yè)，以及國有大型企業(yè)的管理層。（120字）難點注釋： 1）人才talented professionals. 2）海外留學(xué)生overseas students 3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of 4）引進人才introduce talented people from outside 5）銀行、保險業(yè)banking，insurance industry6）國有大型企業(yè)large state-owned enterprise 9 我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領(lǐng)土

8、和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）難點注釋： 1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land 2) 給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing 3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth 4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產(chǎn)with extensive forests a

9、nd rich mineral deposits 5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas 10 溫哥華的輝煌是溫哥華人的智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族團體所作的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。溫哥華則是加拿大最大的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今的180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。（120字）難點注釋： 1）溫哥華Vanco

10、uver 2）多民族團體multi-ethnic groups 3）智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此處可根據(jù)上下文進行轉(zhuǎn)換調(diào)整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people 4）地廣人稀a vast，under-populated country5）不是本地出生的not born locally 11 人體是由各種類型的細胞構(gòu)成的，這些細胞多達50萬億，它們之間相互聯(lián)系，相互依賴。如果喪失其中的某些細胞，比如說失去構(gòu)成整條

11、腿的細胞，將會嚴重影響其余所有肌體組織；而像心臟或腎臟之類的器官，哪怕相對較少的細胞受到嚴重損害，也可能會最終導(dǎo)致所有50萬億細胞的死亡。（128字）難點注釋： 1）萬億trillion 2）相互聯(lián)系，相互依賴interrelated and interdependent 3）影響其余的所有肌體組織handic即all the rest of the organism4）最終導(dǎo)致end by.，lead to. l2 不同的篇章、體裁在直譯與意譯的趨向程度上往往有所不同。一般來說，文獻類和新聞報道的翻譯多采用直譯，因為翻譯這類文獻關(guān)鍵在于譯文的準確性；而對詩歌散文、戲劇電影、小說傳記等以情動人

12、的作品，翻譯時應(yīng)多采用意譯，以充分再現(xiàn)原文的意境情趣。（115字）難點注釋： 1）直譯與意譯literal translation and free translation 2）不同程度地to some extent 3）多采用be preferable to（something） 4）文獻literatures，documents 5）關(guān)鍵在于the crux lies in 6）以情動人的作品emotional works7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works 13 從20世紀中葉到21世紀中葉的一百年間，中國人民的

13、一切奮斗，則是為了實現(xiàn)祖國的富強、人民的富裕和民族的偉大復(fù)興。這個歷史偉業(yè)，我們黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國人民已經(jīng)奮斗了五十年，取得了巨大的進展，再經(jīng)過五十年的奮斗，也必將勝利完成。（105字）難點注釋： 1）20世紀中葉the mid-20th century 2）奮斗endeavor 3）民族的偉大復(fù)興the nation immensely rejuvenated4）歷史偉業(yè)historic cause 14 中國的體育運動經(jīng)歷了幾千年的發(fā)展，但直到1949年中華人民共和國成立后才成為國家的事業(yè)。目前，一個全國范圍的體育運動網(wǎng)已經(jīng)建立起來，這方面的開支也被列人國家預(yù)算之中。在過去的五十年中，由于體育工作

14、者和體育運動員的共同努力，我國的體育運動取得了可喜的成績。（123字）難點注釋： 1）經(jīng)歷undergo 2）國家的事業(yè)an undertaking of the state 3）體育運動網(wǎng)network for physical culture 4）列人國家預(yù)算 include in the state budget5）可喜的成績gratifying achievement 15 展望新世紀初的國內(nèi)外形勢，未來五到十年，是我國經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展極為重要的時期。世界新科技革命迅猛發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟全球化趨勢增強，許多周邊國家正在加快發(fā)展。所有這些既對我們提出了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)，也為我們提供了迎頭趕上、實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)

15、展的歷史性機遇。（127字）難點注釋： 1）極為重要的時期an extremely important period 2）全球化趨勢the economic globalization trend 3）周邊國家neighboring countries4）嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)severe challenge 5）跨越式發(fā)展development by leaps and bounds 16 森林給人提供木材，還能調(diào)節(jié)氣候、保持水土、防風(fēng)固沙、改善水質(zhì)、防煙防塵、消毒殺菌、減少噪聲、美化環(huán)境、維持及改善生態(tài)平衡。如果沒有綠色植物不斷制造氧氣和吸收有害的氣體，人類就無法生存。人們的健康與空氣的優(yōu)劣有關(guān)，而空氣

16、的優(yōu)劣又與森林的多少有關(guān)。（122字）難點注釋： 1）調(diào)節(jié)氣候regulate climate 2）保持水土conserve water and soil 3）防風(fēng)固沙wall off wind，fix sands 4）消毒殺菌sterilize（purify）the air5）生態(tài)平衡ecological balance 17 許多樹木都能吸收空氣中的有害物質(zhì)和致癌物質(zhì)。林區(qū)空氣中的細菌數(shù)量只有無林區(qū)的百分之一，而百貨商店內(nèi)每立方米空氣中則含有四百多萬個細菌。綠化區(qū)可以使噪音減弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空氣的含水量比無林地區(qū)多百分之十至二十。（112字）難點注釋： 1）致癌物質(zhì)canc

17、er-causing substances 2）每立方米per cubic meter3）含水量moisture content 18 到2020年，全世界癌癥的發(fā)病率有可能增加50個百分點，每年可能將出現(xiàn)1500萬新病例。世界健康組織全球癌癥報告指出，如果不采取積極的預(yù)防措施，這樣的趨勢將無法避免。因為這是從已經(jīng)形成的生活習(xí)慣例如抽煙滋生出來的。（101字）難點注釋：1）癌癥的發(fā)病率cancer rate 2）世界健康組織The World Health Organization3）無法避免inevitable 19 生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，每年有10萬多只信天翁被漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年

18、之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會滅絕。信天翁有極強的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬英里，相當(dāng)于往返地球與月球之間50次。（112字）難點注釋： 1）信天翁albatross 2）緊急措施urgent action 3）滅絕extinguish，be wiped out4）耐力endurance 20 據(jù)研究人員統(tǒng)計，接下來的幾十年，歐洲人口將持續(xù)減少。目前歐盟國家的婦女平均生1.5個孩子，而為了保持人口替代率，每個婦女至少要生兩個孩子。即便從現(xiàn)在開始婦女增加生育數(shù)量，人口減少的趨勢仍將持續(xù)幾十年，因為他們的下一代中愿意成為父母的人比這一代的要少。（122字）

19、難點注釋： 1）持續(xù)減少continue to decline 2）替代率replacement rate 3）人口減少的趨勢the tendency to population decline 漢譯英短文翻譯參考答案 清華在線1 In recent years, urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements, there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the citie

20、s and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate, on such a large scale, with such enormous capital, in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually, building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China. 2 T

21、hroughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS, which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present, AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world, and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa, it deprives jobs of the workers, families of incomings and childr

22、en of their parents. In seven African countries, more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV. 3 In today's China, fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study, in 2002, Chi-na ne

23、eded about 2 million fax machines, but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones. 4 Digital cameras sold an astonishing 51 million throughout the US in 2000, up from 31 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple re

24、ason: they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen. 5 The English language is spoken

25、or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical, political, and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adap

26、tability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world. 6 For years, parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity, that saying“good job”for everything they do, as they believe, helps raise their self-este

27、em. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion: less praise is often better for their children. 7 During the meeting, three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agricul

28、ture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers, and improve the social security network 8 In today&#

29、39;s world, competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore, it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong kong, Macao and Taiwan. This

30、 will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world, such as banking, insurance industry, large state-owned enterprises, etc. 9 Chi

31、na is one of the largest countries in the world, her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing, mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral

32、 deposits, many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation, and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas. 10 Vancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver, including the contribut

33、ion made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast, under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 18 million residents, half were not born locally and there is on an

34、average one Asian out of four residents. 11 A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells, such as those making up an entire leg, will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism, and serious damage to a relati

35、vely few cells in an organ, such as the heart or kidneys, may end by killing all 50 trillion. 12 Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so, to some extent, need different translating ways. Generally speaking, literal translation is preferable to free translation in transl

36、ating literatures, for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand, free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry, prose, drama, film, novels, autobiography, etc., so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of th

37、e original works. 13 All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong, the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this h

38、istoric cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress, and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years. 14 China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949, when the

39、People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes, gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sp

40、orts in the past 50 years. 15 Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century, it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological r

41、evolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by l

42、eaps and bounds. 16 Apart from providing people with timber, forests help regulate climate, conserve water and soil, wall off wind, fix sands, improve water quality, keep away smoke and dust, sterilize（purify）the air, reduce noise, beautify surroundings, maintain and improve ecological balance. Man

43、would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air, which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests. 17 Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1% of that in a deforested area, while