一般過去時(shí)講解

1、1. 一般過去時(shí)1） ）一般過去時(shí)的概念、構(gòu)造以及用法一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過去式，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等。一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在句子中由主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式來表達(dá)。1 .He walks to school.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）2 .He walked to school.（一般過去時(shí)）例1.中的動(dòng)詞walks時(shí)現(xiàn)在式，由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)he,因此原因的walk必須加上、，表示目前習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常

2、性動(dòng)作?？勺g為“他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常步行上學(xué)。例2.中的動(dòng)詞walked是過去式，過去式是表達(dá)過去事情的動(dòng)詞形式，所以這句話時(shí)表 示的是過去的某時(shí)， 例如昨天、上周或?qū)W生時(shí)代等過去的某一時(shí)間，這句可譯為“他曾經(jīng)步 行上學(xué)。2一般過去時(shí)的幾種構(gòu)造2） be動(dòng)詞的過去式am與is的過去式是 wasare的過去式是 werebe動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)的句型如下：肯定句： 主語+be動(dòng)詞的過去式was were否認(rèn)句： 主語+ be動(dòng)詞的過去式was, were+ not 疑問句： be動(dòng)詞的過去式was, were+主語?OHe was busy yesterday.（肯定句）他昨天很忙。OHe was not bus

3、y yesterday.（否認(rèn)句）他昨天不忙。OWas he busy yesterday?（疑問句）他昨天忙嗎？1be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的肯定句Mike was in the United States last year.麥克去年在美國(guó)。are變be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過去式：There is (are )的句型用于一般過去時(shí)需把is為它們的過去式：There was (were)2be動(dòng)詞過去式的否認(rèn)句He was not in Canada last year.他去年不在加拿大。be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句的構(gòu)造和現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只要在be動(dòng)詞過去式was, were后面加上not就可以了。否認(rèn)式的 was

4、not , were not大多使用縮寫形式 wasn' t和weren' t .I wasn' t busy the other day前幾天我不忙。3be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)的疑問句一般疑問句Was it raining in Beijing yesterday?Yes, it was.No, it wasn' t. I t was cloudy.昨天下雨了嗎？是的，下了不，沒下雨。昨天陰天。be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)一般疑問句的構(gòu)造和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只要把be動(dòng)詞的過去式 was, were調(diào)到主語前面即可。 was (were ) +主語? 答復(fù)時(shí)，需要用Yes, - wa

5、s (were)或No wasn' t (weren' t)Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空嗎？Yes, he was .是的，他有空。No, he wasn' t .不，他沒空。練習(xí)題一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I at school just now.2. He at the camp last week.3. We students two years ago.4. They on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year

6、.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.2.一般動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)一般動(dòng)詞過去式的根本句型如下：肯定句： 主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式否認(rèn)句：主語+ did not +動(dòng)詞原形疑問句：Did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形 ?OHe played tennis last week.（肯定句）他上周打網(wǎng)了。OHe did not play tennis last week.（否認(rèn)句）上周他沒打網(wǎng)球。

7、ODid he play tennis last week?（疑問句）上周他打網(wǎng)球了嗎？規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去式1 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-edolook f looked play fplayed start f started visit f visitedull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加 -d。live f lived use f used taste-tasted3 .以“輔音字母+ y''結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y改為i，再加-ed。study f studied try f tried fly f flied4 .以重

8、讀閉音節(jié)即輔音+元音+輔音 或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞， 要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 -ed。stop f stoppedplan f planned prefer f preferred那么什么是重讀閉音節(jié)？必須是重讀音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾元音字母發(fā)短音總結(jié)來說就是：一元一輔，又重又短例子：beg drag drop drip滴下5不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。1把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。如:begin began, drinkdrank, give gave, ring rang, sing sang, sit： sat, swimswam2把重讀開音節(jié) 中的i

9、改為o,變成過去式。如：drivedrove, riderode, writewrote3改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如：drawdrew , growgrew , know knew , throw threw 動(dòng) 詞 show 除 夕卜， show-showed4動(dòng)詞原形 中的e改為o,變成過去式。如： get got, forgetforgot5動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如:feedfed, meet met6動(dòng)詞原形中的7動(dòng)詞原形中的8動(dòng)詞原形中的9動(dòng)詞原形中的stand stood,eep 改為 ept,變成過去式。如：keep kept, sleep s

10、lept, sweep swept eak 改為 oke, 變成過去式。如：break broke, speak spokeell 改為 old,變成過去式。如：sell sold, telltoldan改為oo,變成過去式。如：understand understood10以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是：t的過去式。如:bring brought, buy bought, think thought, catch- caught, teach taught11以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 過去式。如：can could, shall should, willwould12把動(dòng)

11、詞原形中的 。改為a,變成過去式。如：e came, beebecame13在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d或t變成過去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如：hear heard, mean meant14動(dòng)詞的過去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如:letlet, must must, putput, read read, cost cost, cutcut, hit hit, put put, hurt hurt15不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過去式。如:am, iswas, are were, build built, dodid , eat ate, fall fell, feelfelt, find found , flyflew ,

12、 go went, have /has had, hold held , leave left, make made, maymight, runran, see saw, take took,say said 1.一般動(dòng)詞過去式的肯定句We had a good time yesterday昨天我們過得很愉快。He had a good time yesterday昨天他過得很快樂。一般過去時(shí)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。因此，主語即使是單數(shù)、第三人稱，也和其他人稱 一樣化。OI watched TV for an hour.我看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。OShe studied Russian two ye

13、ars ago. 兩年前他學(xué)俄語。2 .一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句We did not have a good time yesterday昨天我們過得不好。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句的構(gòu)造和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)夠定句的構(gòu)造一樣，不管主語是第幾人 稱，還是單、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語后面加上 did not 而不是do not，或does not就可以了。 否認(rèn)式did not常用縮寫形式didn' t 。OHe didn' t have classesthis morning. 今天上午他沒課 .OYou didn' t do your best to do it. 你沒有盡力去做。3 .一般動(dòng)詞

14、過去時(shí)的疑問句Did he go there?M去那了嗎？Yes, he did. (No, he didn' t .)是的，他去了。不，他沒去。When did you get up this morning? At six.今天早晨你幾點(diǎn)鐘起床的？六點(diǎn)鐘。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)一般疑問句的構(gòu)造和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般疑問句的構(gòu)造一樣，無論主語是 第幾人稱，單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語前面加上did即可。O Did Tom go with you骸姆和你一起去的嗎？Yes, he did . (No, he didn' t .)是的。不，不是的OHow many subjects did you st

15、udy last term?上學(xué)期你們學(xué)習(xí)幾門功課？We studied seven我們學(xué)習(xí)七門課。比擬一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)肯定句 I go . He goes . I went . He went .否認(rèn)句 I don' t go . He doesn' t go . I didn' t go . He didn' t go .疑問句 Do you go ? Does he go ? Did you go ? Did he go ?3一般過去時(shí)的幾種用法1 .帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)如：yesterday （昨天）,two

16、days ago兩天前,last year去年.，the other day前 幾天，once upon a time過去曾經(jīng)，just now剛剛，in the old days過去的日子里， before liberation解放前，when I was 8 years old當(dāng)我八歲時(shí).2 .表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always, never等連用。O Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作，不說明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著 傘。OMrs. Peter always carries an umbre

17、lla.彼得太太老是帶著傘。說明這是她的習(xí)慣，說明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘。3 .有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們要特別注意。OI didn' t know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話前，所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.OI thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。這句話應(yīng)是在說話前，我以為你病了，但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒病。練習(xí)題一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞

18、形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween. 44. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spri

19、ng Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. 14. What she(find) in the garden last morning?clock las