定語從句課件2

1、(定語從句定語從句)什么是定語？什么是定語？Who is Jane? Jane Toms grandmother The young girl is Jane.Which woman is your aunt?The woman under the tree is my aunt.my auntmy sister 定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、 短語或句子。短語或句子。 1. The red pen is broken. 2. The pen on the desk is broken. 定語從句定語從句Which woman is your sister?my

2、aunt my sisterThe woman who is sitting on the floor is my sister.穿紅褲子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersWhich house is mineWhich house is mine? ?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseI have an apple.An apple is red.I have

3、an apple that is red.修飾修飾 an apple I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friends who like sports. 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 friends I like the movie. The movie is exciting.I like the movie that is exciting .that 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞movieThe woman who lives next door is a teacher. The woman is a teacher.

4、The woman lives next door.who修飾先行詞修飾先行詞woman概念概念:修飾名詞或代詞的句子修飾名詞或代詞的句子. (Attributive clause)I like music that I can dance to.The woman who is sitting on the floor is my sister定語從句構(gòu)成：定語從句構(gòu)成： 先行詞先行詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞+從句從句 關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中做成關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中做成分，而且先行詞一定會在從句中做成分，而且先行詞一定會在從句中做成分，可能是主語，賓語或狀語。分，可能是主語，賓語或狀語。先行詞先

5、行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句Mary is a girl who has long hair.關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞who, whom, whose, which, thatwhere, when, why1. 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。2. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：關(guān)系詞的作用： 1. 引導(dǎo)一個定語從句；引導(dǎo)一個定語從句； 2. 在從句中代替先行詞；在從句中代替先行詞； 3. 在從句中擔任某一句子成份。在從句中擔任某一句子成份。 定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法: :1)1)當當先行

6、詞是先行詞是物物時時, , 用用which/that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). . These are the trees which/that were planted last year.2)2)當先行詞是當先行詞是人人時時, , 用用who/that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.that既可以指既可以指人人又可以指又可以指物物 who/that在定語從句中做主語時在定語從句中做主語時,謂語謂語 動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。 1) I prefer shoes that are cool. 2) I like a

7、pizza that is really delicious. 3) I love singers who are beautiful. 4) I have a friend who plays sports. 指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語that whichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？做做賓語賓語時可以省略時可以省略關(guān)系代詞的用法練習關(guān)系代詞的用法練習1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hung

8、ry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. H

9、e prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.(1) This is the teacher _ will go to the south with us tomorrow.(2) Is that the student _ the teacher is talking with?(3) I lik

10、e the present _ youve sent to me.(4) The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.(5) This is the job _ weve never done before.who/thatwho/that/whomthat/whichwho/that/whomthat/which(6) This is the man _I met yesterday.(7) This radio set _ we have had for two years is a good one.(8) This is the

11、 bag _ my mother bought yesterday. (9) The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. (10) The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. who/that/whomthat/whichthat/whichwho/thatwho/that/whom有時只能用有時只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常見的情況有：常見的情況有：1.當先行詞是當先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, no

12、thing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它們修飾時。或被它們修飾時。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should d

13、o is to review my lessons.3. 當先行詞有當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修等修飾時。飾時。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 當主句以當主句以 who 或或 which開頭時，定語從句的開頭時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you

14、lost ?5. 先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.whose 作定語作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate. 定語從句關(guān)系副詞的用法定語從句關(guān)系副詞的用法: : 1、Where指地點，在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。指地點，在

15、從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。 This is the place where (in which) we lived ten years ago. 2、 When指時間，在從句中充當時間狀語。指時間，在從句中充當時間狀語。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party. 3、Why指原因，在定語從句中充當原因狀語。指原因，在定語從句中充當原因狀語。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系代詞that, which的區(qū)別的區(qū)

16、別: 同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where, 有時使用有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用一個時間，有時使用when， 有時使用有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點：。這主要看兩點： 一：先行詞在從句中所作成分；一：先行詞在從句中所作成分； 二：定語從句中的謂語動詞是否二：定語從句中的謂語動詞是否 一一個及物動詞。個及物動詞。1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.2. Sh

17、e wont forget the days (that) she spent on the island. She wont forget the days when they stayed together.2) Beijing is the place _ I was born.Beijing is the place _ I was born in.北京是我出生的地北京是我出生的地方方。= in whichwherewhich關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) This is the car _which I bought last year. /f

18、oroninaboutof The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The man whom they wanted to visit is a scientist.1. who指人指人, 在從句中做在從句中做主語主語(不能省不能省)2. whom指人指人, 在從句中充當在從句中充當賓語賓語 (常可省?？墒?特別提醒：特別提醒： 1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語指物，在定語從句中做主語 或者賓語，或者賓語，做賓語時可省

19、略做賓語時可省略 主語，不能省主語，不能省 2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 賓語，可省賓語，可省 4. that指人時指人時, 相當于相當于who或或whom; 指指 物時物時, 相當于相當于which。 在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 做主語或者賓語做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略做賓語時可省略。1)The girl who/that we saw yesterday is Anna.2) A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 1. He has a friend whose father i

20、s a doctor. 2. I have bought a house whose windows face south. 5. whose通常指人通常指人, 也可指物也可指物, 在定語在定語 從句中做定語從句中做定語 3. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.which和和that的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：1. 介詞后只能用介詞后只能用which The school in which he once studied is very famous. The book is very interesting, which my brother bo

21、ught me . 2. 非限制性定語從句只用非限制性定語從句只用which Exercises:翻譯句子翻譯句子. 1) 他喜歡晴朗的天氣。他喜歡晴朗的天氣。 He likes the weather 2) 我喜歡那些不太貴的鞋子。我喜歡那些不太貴的鞋子。 I like the shoes 3) 我喜歡容易相處的朋友。我喜歡容易相處的朋友。 I like the friends 4) 我有一個喜歡做運動的朋友。我有一個喜歡做運動的朋友。 I have a friendthat is sunny.that are too expensive.who are easy to get on wit

22、h.who likes playing sports. 1) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. 2) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.1) 先行詞既有人又有物時先行詞既有人又有物時;2. 只用只用that不用不用which2) 先行詞前面有最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時先行詞前面有最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時; He is the first person that passed the ex

23、am. He is the hardest man (that) I have ever met. The film star (人人) and her film (物物) that you have just talked about is well-known. 3) 當先行詞前面有當先行詞前面有the only, the same, the last, the very時時; The only thing (that) I want to do is to have a rest. 5. 當先行詞是當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something

24、 除外除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時等修飾時;4.在在who, which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中, 定語從句定語從句 中避免重復(fù)中避免重復(fù),一般也只用一般也只用that; 1) Who is the man that is standing there? 2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 1) Is there anything that you dont k

25、now? 2) I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 注：注： 當當one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those, he, they, that, you 等作先行詞時等作先行詞時（ 指人）一般用指人）一般用who，不用，不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 想去看電影的人必須在校門口等。想去看電影的人必須在校門口等。who, whom,

26、 whose, that用法區(qū)別用法區(qū)別.who 作定語從句的作定語從句的主語或賓語主語或賓語. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語作主語Whom 作定語從句的作定語從句的賓語賓語 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作賓語作賓語

27、whose 作定語從句的作定語從句的定語定語. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語作定語1. The place _ interests the children most is the childrens palace. A. what B. that C. where D. in which 2. The mountain _ we visited last summer is the highest mountain in Europ

28、e. A. where B. on which C. what D. which 3. This is the park _ I visited last week. A. which B. when C. what D. where BDAHave a try!A. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom 1. This is the scientist _ name is known all over the country. 2. I have found a man _ can help you.3. He _ plays with fire get

29、s hurt.4. Which statement _ is made according to the passage is right?5. Is there anything more in this article_ you think is wrong? DAACC6. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into mouth. 7. The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train.8. The man _ is

30、 shaking hands with the headmaster is a policeman.9. The famous basketball star _ you wish to see has come.10. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _ none of us has ever heard of. A. Who B. which C. that D. whose E. whomBBAECA. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom11. Thi

31、s the best film _ I have ever seen.12. Those _ break the law must be punish.13.This is the only answer _ we think is right.14. I know the student from _ you borrowed the dictionary.15. That is the factory in _ they once worked.CACEB2. The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.1. I like the m