助動詞和系動詞資料講解

1、助動詞和系動詞助動詞學(xué)習(xí)目標掌握助動詞的基本用法知識點總結(jié)一、定義助動詞是英語特有的一類詞，它們本身一般沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語。其作用在于幫助實義動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等，構(gòu)成疑問及否定形式。 有以下幾種：be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been), have(has, had,having), do(does, did), shall(should), will(would)。二、用法1、助動詞 be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)(1) be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)Who is playing th

2、e piano?誰在彈鋼琴？She was reading a book then.那時她正在讀書。(2) be后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)He was asked to do the work.有人要他干這件工作。(3) be后跟動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語：a.表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。They were to leave the following day.他們將在第二天動身。b.肯定形式表小指小、命令，而否定形式表小禁止。You are to see the headmaster todays 天你必須去見校長。Anybody is not to enter the room without pe

3、rmission.未經(jīng)允許任何人不能進入房間。c.表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當于 shouldoYou are to be back before 5.你得在5點鐘以前回來。d.表示可能性，與情態(tài)動詞 may, can同義。Such books are to be found in any library.這種書在任何圖書館者B 有。2、助動詞 have(has, had, having)(1)助動詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時或完成進行時English has been taught in China for many years 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。I have been studying Engli

4、sh for 10 years.我一直在學(xué)英語，已達十年之久。(2)和動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情We ve missed the train. We ' ll have to wait for another one.我們已經(jīng)誤了火車，只能等下一輛了。3、助動詞 do(does, did)(1)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎么知道這件事的？He likes music, doesri he?他喜歡音樂，對吧？(2)用來加強語氣Do come and see us.一定要來看我們。(3)代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)He s

5、peaks English as fluently as she doe她英語講得和她一樣流利。(4)用于倒裝句Never did I hear of such a thing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。說明：引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。(5)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句Dont be so proud.不要那么驕傲。4、shall(should開口 will(would)(1) shall(should)用于第一人稱的將來時態(tài)中，單純表示將來When shall I see you again?我何時再見至 U你？(

6、2) will只用于第二人稱和第三人稱的將來時態(tài)中He will be 30 next month.他下個月 30 歲。You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你們有一場英語測驗。(3)在現(xiàn)代英語中，所有的人稱都可以使用 will(would)來表示將來時態(tài)Will I see you again?我還要見你嗎？課堂練習(xí)一、請用助動詞be和do的恰當形式填空。1. What they doing in the dining room?2. What you do yesterday?3. he late yesterday morning?4. I g

7、oing to be a teacher in the future.5. How many students there in your class?6. the globe on the bookshelf? Yes, it is.7. He said yesterday he going to shopping with his mother.8. he go shopping with his wife on the weekend?9. -What he drawing in the bedroom?-He' s drawing a mouse.10. -your mothe

8、r a doctor?-No, she is a boss in a big company.11. He(not) know anything about his family.12. He(not) go to the concert yesterday.13. They(not) at home last week, they went to the countryside.14. Look! There some children playing in the park.15. He a boss two years ago, and now he the president of t

9、hecountry.16. They not on time for the train the other day, and they late.What a shame!17. There is going to a football match next week.18. Mr. and Mrs. Sato（not） live in Tokyo last year, but now they living there.19. Where your father from? And where your mother comefrom?20. Maria not a student. Sh

10、e working for an advertisingcompany now.系動詞學(xué)習(xí)目標掌握系動詞的基本用法知識點總結(jié)定義系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb）,作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂OHe fell ill yesterday.他昨大病了。（ fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。）He fell off the ladder.他從梯子上摔下來。（fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。）二、二、分類1、狀態(tài)系動詞：用來表示

11、主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。He is a teacher他是一名教師。（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。）2、持續(xù)系動詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest, remain, stay, lie, standHe always kept silent at meeting 他開會時總保持沉默。3、表像系動詞：用來表示"看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, lookHe seems (to be) very sadffc看起來很傷心。4、感官系動詞：感官系動詞主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste,lookThis flow

12、er smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。5、變化系動詞：這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runHe became mad after that自那之后，他瘋了。6、終止系動詞：表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove, turn out,表達"證實"，"變成"之意。His plan turned out a success他的計劃終于成功了。 ( turn out表終止性結(jié)果)注意事項：1、be是最重要的系動詞，主語不同，be的形式也不同，且

13、有時態(tài)的變化。通常表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等，后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、v-ing、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。(1) be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：前者側(cè)重于表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，通常沒有由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語;后者側(cè)重于強調(diào)主語是謂語動詞所示動作的承受者，表示動作，句中可以用由 by 弓I導(dǎo)的介詞短語。 The door was closed. The door was closed by me.(2) be+ V-ing構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“be+ V-ing”構(gòu)成的進行時態(tài)的區(qū)別：前者側(cè)重于說明主語具有的特征或存在的狀態(tài)，也可說

14、明主語是什么；后者側(cè)重于強調(diào)主語正在做某事。My job is teaching English. Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2、由行為動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系動詞：(1)表示人體感官的系動詞有 sound, taste, look, feel, smell等，后接形容詞；表示主語從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的系動詞有become, get, go,turn, run, grow, come, fall , prove等，后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+形容詞，become后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前要用不定冠詞，turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前不用不定

15、冠詞；(3)表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動詞有continue, keep,remain, stay, stand lie, rest, stay等,后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞；表示判斷的系動詞有seem和appear;后面接形容詞、to be+名詞或形容詞、that-clauss 不定式等。3、系動詞的固定搭配。常見的有 come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 等。課堂練習(xí)(一)選擇填空：1. My brother a teacher. He his pupils very much.A. is,

16、 like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like2. I tired last night.A. became B. felt C. looked D. am3. Her face pale (蒼白)when she heard the bad news.A. got B. is C. turned D. was4. You pale. What's wrong with you?A. turn B. seem C. look D. become5. Which bigger, the sun or the moonA. are B. is C

17、. be D.義6. Neither she nor I a doctor.A. am not B. am C. are D. is7. I a worker next year.A. am B. will be C. be D. will8. Her voice like my mother's.A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look9. It often rains and the crops fast.A. get B. turn C. grow D. become10. The teacher's smile made me better.A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt（二）用 smell, taste, go, get, become, grow, seem, look, feel, turn 的適當形式填空：1. You very young.2. At first those questions ea