牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊六語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1、牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊六語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2012/8/1418Un it 1 Laughter is good for you一、Reading1. stand up for sth: 支持，維護(hù) We should strive to sta nd up for our right.2. stage: n. 舞臺(tái)，階段，時(shí)期"be on the stage: 在舞臺(tái)上；當(dāng)演員，登臺(tái)表演go on the stage: 上舞臺(tái)，當(dāng)演員Y on stage: 在舞臺(tái)上.at a early stage: 在早期 One minute on the stage and ten years of prac

2、tice off the stage. She wan ted to go on the stage from an early age. 他從小就相當(dāng)演員。 We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage. 我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的注視他們，只能通過(guò)熒屏或舞臺(tái)欽慕他們的風(fēng)采。 The babies develop quickly at an early stage.3. variety: n. (1) 變化，多樣性 U a life lacking variety.(2)種類，各種各樣variety of st

3、h: 各種各樣的 arieties of sth: He left for a variety of reasons. In the green grocers ' there are varieties of 菜 市場(chǎng)里有各種各樣的蔬菜。 The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich.4. behave well / badly: 行為表現(xiàn)好 / 壞 behave on eself: 行為表現(xiàn)好 He behaves badly all the time. Childre n, please behave yourself.5

4、. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄Don ' take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you.別拿他的話當(dāng)真，他只是在取笑你。6. f trip over sth: 被 絆倒trip sth (up): 絆倒 . She tripped over a cat and fell dow n. He tried to trip me but in vain.7. get one's sta rt: 掙得第一桶金 howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑He got his start

5、 in the bus in ess and howled with laughter.8. have affect ion for sth: 喜愛(ài)，鐘愛(ài)He has great affecti on for his work.9. later on: 后來(lái)，過(guò)些時(shí)候10. such: adj. 那樣的，這樣的，如此的such 與數(shù)詞或不定代詞 any, some, all, no 等連用時(shí)放在它們之后；與不定冠詞連用時(shí)，放在不定代 詞之前。例如： There is no such thing as a free lun ch. You gave me such a flight.11. li

6、ve: adj. & adv. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的 / 地 a live program. The concert was broadcast live on TV.12. well: adv. 充分地，徹底地；（2）相當(dāng)?shù)?，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，頗，很 The pan must be dried well before you put it away. He looks well over 40. 他看上去遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過(guò) 40 歲。二、Word power有關(guān)笑的諺語(yǔ)1. laugh one's head off: 大笑不止2. smile on sb: 有利于，垂青，帶來(lái)好運(yùn)3. have the

7、last laugh / He who laughs last laughs best:笑到最后，笑得最好4. no laughing matter: 嚴(yán)肅的事，不是鬧著玩的5. laughing stock: 笑柄6. laugh in one ' face:當(dāng)面嘲笑某人7. be all smiles: 滿臉堆笑三、Grammar1. participate in sth: 參加，參與 . . participation: pa: tisi pei?n n. U 參加，參與 （in） participant: pa: ?tisi p?nt n. 參加者， 參與者 The whole

8、 class are participati ng the discussi on. We want more participatio n in the decisi on-mak ing process.2. drive sb away: 趕跑- drive （sb） off:駕車離開(kāi)；趕走 /擊退 drive sth up: 迫使 上漲 Your an ger will drive him away. After the accide nt, the other car drove off. We keep dogs in the yard to drop off the intrude

9、rs（非法闖入者 ）. The oil shortage drove gas prices up by 20 cents a gall on.3. guara ntee: vt.擔(dān)保，保證；保修，包換 fguara ntee sth: 保證，擔(dān)保 guara ntee to do sth: 保證做 guara ntee that: 保證 、 guarantee sb sth: 保證某人 . guarantee your safety / your debt. 保證你的安全 擔(dān)保你的債務(wù) We guara ntee to deliver the package with in one week.

10、 These days getting a degree 學(xué)位） will guarantee you a good job. The radio is guara nteed for a year. 收音機(jī)保修一年。（2） n.保修單 /期；保證；擔(dān)保（物） there is no guarantee that: 無(wú)法保證 / 不一定 There is no guara ntee that it will be a nice weather tomorrow.4. instruct: vt. 命令，指示；傳授，告知in structio n: n. 命令，指示；傳授，使用說(shuō)明 instruc

11、tive: adj. 有教育意義的，啟發(fā)性的in struct sb to do sth: 命令/指示某人做 .in struct sb in sth: 傳授某人in struct （sb） that:告知某人 I have in structed him to keep the door locked. All our staff have bee n in structed in sign Ian guage.我們所有的員工都被教授了手語(yǔ)。 We are instructed by our client that you owe them ?300.我們的委托人通知我們說(shuō)你欠他們 300

12、英鎊5. take on sb / sth: 雇傭；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)take on some staff. 雇傭一些員工take on a puzzled look. 呈現(xiàn)困惑的神色take on a challenging task. 承擔(dān)挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)6. move on to (doing) sth: 開(kāi)始做 ； 換話題Can we move on to a new topic?7. polish: n.上光劑，鞋油(2)優(yōu)雅 (3)磨光，擦亮 C You should use wax polish on woode n furn iture.你應(yīng)該在木制家具上打上蠟。 Four years o

13、f college gave her considerable polish.四年的大學(xué)給了她更多的優(yōu)雅。 Give your shoes a polish. 把你的鞋子擦一下。 vt. ' polish sth (up): 磨光，擦亮 - polish sth up: 改善 / 提高 polish sth off: 迅速做完 polish (up) the table. Will you polish up this article a bit before we send it to the prin ter? 在這篇文章付印以前，請(qǐng)把它修改一下好嗎？ We can polish

14、the job off with the help of the new computer.四、Project1. as if 從句省略be如果 as if 引導(dǎo)的從句和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，同時(shí)從句中含有 be 的適當(dāng)形式，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和 動(dòng)詞。剩余部分為名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞或不定式等。 as if 引導(dǎo)的從句是否為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，要根 據(jù)上下文判斷。例如： He behaved as if (he was) a fool. The old man lay there as if (he was) dead. Ruby( 魯比 )glaneed about as if (she was)

15、in search of something. Joh n paused as if (he was ) expect ing Mary to speak. They ope ned their eyes wide as (they were) shocked by the sudde n appeara nee of the lost boy. The man we followed sudde nly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the rightdirectio n. (2003 ，北京春 )A. see ingB.

16、havi ng see nC. to have see n D. to see答案為 D 。2. (Page 14, Li ne 21) mi nd if I sit down? 這是個(gè)省略句，完整的句子為would you mind if I sit dow n?3. please do: 好吧，請(qǐng)吧。 Would you mi nd my ope ning the door?A. Yes, open it B. No, you wouldn ' t C. No, go ahead D. Yes, please do(答案為 C)4. make room for sth: 為 騰出地

17、方Please put away these books and make room for the pia no.5. dash: vi. 急奔，猛沖n.急奔，猛沖；短跑；破折號(hào)dash sth off: 匆忙完成 An ambula nee dashed to the scene of the accide nt.救護(hù)車風(fēng)馳電掣地趕往事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她給母親匆匆寫(xiě)了一圭寸信。 He made a dash for the bus. 他猛沖過(guò)去追趕汽車。 He finished first in the 100-met

18、er dash. 他在 100 米短跑中得了第一名。6. tear: （ tore, torn ） vt.撕，扯、tear sth to Pieces ：把 撕成碎片_ tear sth apart:tear sth open: 撕 / 拆開(kāi) The contract （合同） lay on the ground, torn to pieces. He torn the letter ope n and found a bill of 50 yua n.7. burst: （ burst, burst ）（ 1） vi.猛沖；突然出現(xiàn)；爆裂burst in: 突然闖入burst into st

19、h: 突然起來(lái) burst out doing: burst into tears / burst out 突然大哭起來(lái)crying: burst into laughter / burst out laugh ing: 突然大笑起來(lái) burst into flames: 突然起火n.突發(fā)，迸發(fā)；爆炸；裂口a burst in the water pipea sudde n burst of dan ger: 怒火的迸發(fā)Un it 2 What is happ in ess to you一、Reading1. be surrounded by / with sth: 被 包 圍/ 環(huán)繞“ su

20、rro un di ng: adj. （作定語(yǔ)）附近的，周圍的.surroundings: n. 環(huán)境，周圍的事物 The house was surro un ded by high walls and gree n trees. The surro unding area is known for its beautiful views. An imals in zoos are not in their n atural surrou ndin gs.動(dòng)物園中的動(dòng)物沒(méi)有自然環(huán)境。2. times: n. 時(shí)代，時(shí)期，日子in modern times: 在現(xiàn)代Times are hard

21、 for me. 我的日子很難。3. by: 到時(shí)間為止by + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間 ，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) by+ 過(guò)去時(shí)間 ，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間 ，主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí) By this week, we have accomplished 2 projects. By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had nearly finished his essay. He will have been in the army for 10 years by next June.4. apart: adj. & adv.（1） （時(shí)間、

22、空間上 ）相隔，相距 The two houses sta nd 500m apart. The birthday is only 3 days apart. （2）分離（的）；分開(kāi)（的）；破裂（的）廠 tell sth apart: 區(qū)分開(kāi) v fall apart: vi. 崩潰，瓦解，散架Llive apart from sb: 與 分開(kāi)住 I can ' t tell the twins apart. When his wife left him, his world just fall apart. We are liv ing apart from our pare nts

23、.5. apart from sth: （ =except ）除 . 以外（2）（=besides ）除. . 以外也 All the articles are good apart from this one. Apart from their houses in London, they also have a villa（另寸墅） in Spa in.6. cost sb sth: 使某人付出 . The meal cost me 10 dollars. The scandal （丑聞） cost the girl her career.7. r rush sb to sth: 把 急送

24、. .Xin a rush: 匆忙地 The patie nt was rushed to the airport by the ambula nee. Those words came out i n a rush.8. spirits: n. 精神，情緒，心境'in high spirits: 情緒高昂.in low / poor spirits: 情緒低落The achieveme nts put us in high spirits.9. appreciation: n. U （1）感激（2）欣賞；鑒定 （3）理解 in appreciation of sth: 以感激 He

25、showed his appreciati on for our work. Please accept this gift in appreciation of your help. She showed little 即 preciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音樂(lè)的好處。10. cry over / about sth: 因?yàn)?哭泣c(diǎn)ry over spilt milk: 作于事無(wú)補(bǔ)的擔(dān)憂。 As the saying goes, “ It ' s no uEying over spilt milk ”. It ' s stupid to cry

26、 over something unimportant.11. adapt: v. 適應(yīng)；改編adaptation: ,?d?p te?i n. 適應(yīng)，改編（本）adapt to sth: 適應(yīng) .adapt on eself to sth: 使某人（自己）適應(yīng) adapt a script. 改編劇本 Our eyes soon adapted to the dark. 我們的眼睛慢慢地適應(yīng)了黑暗。 She adapted herself to the climate.12. go after sth: 追趕；追求，謀求 He went after the burglars. 他追趕那些盜賊

27、。 He goes after every woma n he meets. We are both going after the same job. 我們倆都謀求得到這份工作。13. heart and soul: adv. 全心全意地We must serve the people heart and soul.14. advocate: vt. 主張，提倡；擁護(hù)"advocate （do ing ） sth:-advocate that: Do you advocate banning cars in the city cen ter? I advocate a policy

28、 of gradual reform. 我擁護(hù)逐步改革的政策。 The report advocated that we should try our best to protect the en vir onment.二、Grammar1. accompany: vt. (1) 陪伴，陪同 (2) 為 伴 奏accompaniment: ?k?mp?nim?nt n. (1) 伴奏 (2) 伴隨物，配料 accompanist: ?k?mp?nist n. 伴奏者 accompany sb / keep sb company: 陪伴 to the accompaniment of sb: 在

29、 . 伴奏下 Accompa nied by his mother, the boy visited many places of in terests. The sin ger was accompa nied on the pia no by his sister.這位歌唱家由他妹妹鋼琴伴奏。 She left the stage to the accompaniment of loud cheers.她在一片歡呼聲中離開(kāi)了舞臺(tái)。2. follow the procedures: 遵循這些步驟3. to one ' relief: 使 .寬慰的是 To our great reli

30、ef, the childre n all arrived home safely.4. head for sth / make for sth: 去 .leave for sth: 動(dòng)身去 It ' s getting late; we ' d better turn and make for 天 ofe 了，我們最好折回家把。 I will leave for the airport this after noon.5. feel caught between sth: 在 . 之間感到左右為難I felt caught betwee n further study and

31、 look ing for a job whe n graduat ing from uni versity.6. It feels like + 從句 ：似乎，感覺(jué)好像 We just met a couple of days ago, but it feels like we have known each other for a lifetime.我們幾天前才認(rèn)識(shí)，但感覺(jué)好像認(rèn)識(shí)了很久。7. quit: (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt. & vi. 辭去；停止，離開(kāi)quit doing sth: 停止做 quit school: 輟學(xué) qui

32、t one ' s job: 辭職 quit smoking: 戒煙 He got his prese nt job whe n he quit / quitted the army.他退伍后得至 U 現(xiàn)在這份工作。 If I don ' t getay rise, I will quit.三、Project1. ahead of sth: (1) 在 . . 前面 (2) 比 先進(jìn)，領(lǐng)先 Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我們正前方就是皇宮。 She was always well ahead of the rest of t

33、he class. 她遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先班級(jí)的其他人。2. at this point: 在這時(shí)，在這一點(diǎn)at that point: 在那時(shí)，在那一點(diǎn) Do you have any questi ons at this point? At that poi nt the road dips into a valley. 在那一點(diǎn)，那條路直向山谷伸展。3. (Page 30, Line 10) All I had to do was go to school.主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do 的適當(dāng)形式，作表語(yǔ)的不定式常常省略 to.What she wants to do is (to) go home

34、and have a good rest.4. feel like sth: 摸起來(lái)像 ；感覺(jué)像是 .-feel like doing sth: 想要做 -feel like + 從句:感覺(jué)好像 (like 此時(shí)等于 as if 或 as though) This kind of cloth feels like silk. I don ' t feel like cook in g, let' 我不想做飯，我們出去吃吧。 I feel like I am goi ng to be sick. 我覺(jué)得我好想要病了。 If felt like a great weight had

35、 bee n lifted from us.我們?nèi)玑屩刎?fù)。5. (Page 31, Lines 8-10) Huma ns will have lea nt to fix many of the problemswill have done: 將會(huì)做過(guò) (將來(lái)完成時(shí))We will have take n 5 exams by next Friday.(2) fix / solve sth: 解決 fix a problem.6. company: n. U 陪伴，和他人在一起 keep sb company / accompany sb: 陪伴某人 enjoy one ' compa

36、ny: 享受的陪伴；喜歡禾口 . 在一起in compa ny with sb: 禾口一起 I ' ll stay here and keep you company. 我留下來(lái)陪你。 I enjoy his compa ny whe n I am have free time.我閑時(shí)喜歡和他在一起。 Tom, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong. 湯姆，還有許多人，都認(rèn)為這個(gè)決定是錯(cuò)誤的。Unit 3 Un dersta nding each other一、Reading1. hug: vt. (hugg

37、ed; hugging) 擁抱n. 擁抱 give sb a hug = hug sb Jane threw her arms and hugged him tight. Paul gave me a hug and smiled.2. cultural differences: 文化差異cultural shock: 文化沖突3. ensure sth / that 從句：確保，保證ensure sb sth: 保證某人 . . All the n ecessary steps have bee n take n to en sure their safety. I can ' t

38、ensure that he will be there on time. This medicine will ensure you a good night' s sleep.4. prohibit: vt. (prohibited; prohibit ing) 禁止 廣 prohibit sb from doing sth: forbid sb from doing sth:Y forbid sb to do sth:禁止某人做 u ban sb from doing sth:? prohibition: ,pr ?uhi?bi?i n. (1) U 禁止，阻止 (2) C 禁令

39、，禁律 The law prohibits tobacc onists from selli ng cigarettes to childre n.法律禁止煙販向兒童出售香煙。 He was forbidde n to talk to her. She has bee n banned from drivi ng for six mon ths. They voted in favor of the prohibiti on of smok ing in public areas. 他們投票贊成禁止在公共場(chǎng)合抽煙。 a prohibiti on aga inst the sale of fir

40、earms. 禁止出售火器的禁令。5. adjust: vt. & vi. 適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié) adjust to (doing) sth: 適應(yīng) / 習(xí)慣? adjust sth to sth: 調(diào)整 以適應(yīng) adjust on eself to sth: 使某人自己適應(yīng) It took her a long time to adjust to living alone. This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 這種書(shū)桌的高度可以按照你的要求調(diào)節(jié)。 He adjusted himself very qui

41、ckly to the heat of the country.他很快使自己適應(yīng)了這個(gè)國(guó)家的炎熱。6. be accustomed to sth: 習(xí)慣于 . . Accustomed to the city life, the young man has made great progress in his career.7. alike: adj.( 不用于名詞前 ) 相像的，相同的 look alike: 看上去相似 adv. 樣地，相似地 He and his sister are alike / look alike in many ways.在很多方面，他和她妹妹很像。 They

42、tried to treat the children alike.8. set off fireworks: 燃放煙火9. celebration: n. 慶典，慶祝 ( 活動(dòng) ) in celebration of: 以慶祝 birthday celebrations: 生日慶典 a party in celebration of their 50 th wedding anniversary.10. do without: 將就If there is none left, we ' lhave to do without. 如果沒(méi)有剩余的，我們只好將就了。二、Grammar1.

43、in one's youth: 在 年輕時(shí)He had bee n a tale nted musicia n in his youth.2. let alone: 更不用說(shuō) ( 多用于否定句，后接任何詞性的詞項(xiàng)。) There isn 'te no ugh room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat. I haven ' decided on the menu, let alone bought the food. 我還沒(méi)決定吃什么菜，更不用說(shuō)買食物了。 I have never thought of it, let alone

44、 did I do it.我都沒(méi)有想到它，更談不上去做了。3. take up: vt. 占用( 時(shí)間/ 空間 ) Writi ng the paper took up most of my spare time. The pia no took up too much space.(2) 拿起 take up arms: 拿起武器4. show sb around sth: 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀 Show n around the museum by the guide, we the n went to the con cert.三、Project1. minority: n. 少數(shù)民族；少數(shù) (

45、 人 )(1) be in the / a minority: 占少數(shù) Girls are in the minority in our class.體或其(2) 表示“少數(shù)”時(shí)，為集合名詞。單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè) 中的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The minority is subord in ate to the majority. 少數(shù)服從多數(shù)。 Only a minority of people support the new law.(3) the rights of eth nic min orities: 少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利2. job hu

46、nting: 求職，找工作 job hunter / job seeker: 求職者3. feast: n. (1) 盛宴，宴會(huì)，節(jié)日 ( 2)享受；賞心樂(lè)事 (for) told a feast: 舉行盛宴a feast for sb / sth: 是 . 的享受 / 盛宴 The evening concert was a real feast for music lovers / our eyes. v.盛宴款待；享受 feast on sth: 盡情享用 t feast one's eyes on sth: 盡情欣賞； 飽覽 feast sb with sth: 用 .款待/

47、宴請(qǐng) They are feasti ng on the roasted meat他們正在盡情享用烤肉。 She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valle y她飽覽那山谷的美景。 They feasted their guests with delicious food. 他們用美食招待客人。4. have power over sb / sth: 支配，控制Huma ns can only have power over themselves, not the whole world.Unit 4 Help ing people around t

48、he world一、 Reading1. refer: v. (referred; referri ng)(1) 'refer to sth / sb: 提及，參考；查閱；涉及；指 . I. refer to sth as sth: 稱. . 為 refer to a diet ion ary. Altho ugh he did n ' t men tio n any n ame, every one knew who he was referri ng to. Joh nson referred to this discovery as a major breakthroug

49、h.(2) refer sth to sb: 把 . 提交給某人 (以謀求幫助、指點(diǎn)、行動(dòng)支持等 ) refer the patients to the specialist for treatment.把病人交給?？漆t(yī)生治療。 This dispute( 爭(zhēng)端) was referred to the UN. 該項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)端已提交給聯(lián)合國(guó)處理。2. ambassador: n. 大使 (2)使者，代表 the ambassador to sth: 駐 . 大使 He was 即 pointed as ambassador to the US. 他被任命為駐美國(guó)大使。 The Queen was r

50、epresented at the funeral by the British ambassador.英國(guó)大使代表女王參加了葬禮。 We are dinning the ambassador this week. 我們本周宴請(qǐng)大使。3. be honored to do sth: 做 感到榮幸We are very honored to have you with us.4. assist sb with sth:- assist sb (in) doing sth:幫助某人 assist sb to do sth: Can I assist you with these parcels?

51、我?guī)湍隳眠@些包好嗎？ We asked him to assist us in desig ning a new bridge.我們請(qǐng)他幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一座新大橋。 He will assist you to complete the task. 他將幫助你完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。5. worthy: adj. (1)值得的(2)值得尊敬的 (3)有價(jià)值的 be worthy of sth: 值得 sth be worthy of being done: -sth be值得worthy to be done: He is worthy of con fide nee. 他值得信任。 His advice i

52、s worthy of being con sidered / to be con sidered.他的建議值得考慮。 A worthy suggestion. 有價(jià)值的建議6. in addition: (=besides) 除. . 以外，此外 in addition to sth: 除. 以外 You n eed money and time; in additio n, you n eed dilige nee.你需要金錢和時(shí)間；此外，你還需要努力。 She gets various perquisites( 津貝占 )in addition to her wages.7. equal

53、: adj. 平等的；相等的；能勝任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.等于，比得上 廠 be equal to sth: 等于 . (=equal sth) ; 能勝任 -have no equal / be without equal: 無(wú)與倫比 Equal pay for equal work: 同工同酬 One plus two is equal to three. / One plus two equals three. He is equal to the task. 他能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。 Your feelings are always in full display, and once

54、you lose patienee, your violenee would have no equal. 你總是喜形于色，一旦你失去耐心，你的暴力無(wú)人能及。 No one equal him in stre ngth. Equal the Olympic record: 平了奧運(yùn)會(huì)紀(jì)錄。8. draw one ' s attention to sth:-bri ng sth one's atte nti on: The victory of fighti ng the flood has draw n people' atte nti on to the recon

55、structio n of their homela nd. He brought this fact to the people ' attention.9. acquire: vt. （ 1）（正式 ） 購(gòu)得，得到 （ 2）掌握，獲得 （ 知識(shí)，技能等 ） acquisition: ,?kwi ' nZi?i. 習(xí)得，獲得 acquire new Ian guage. second Ianguage acquisition: 第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得10. worthwhile: adj. （作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ) ） 重要的 （ 2）值得花費(fèi) 的It is worthwhile doing s

56、th / to do sth: 值得 It is worthwhile buying the dicti on ary. It is worthwhile to discuss the pla n. They achieved a very worthwhile result.11. under the umbrella of sth: 在 保護(hù)下He rescued the boy un der the umbrella of the police.12. lack: n. & vt. 缺乏* be lacking in sth: 缺乏 lack sth: 缺乏 a lack of sth: 缺乏（一般表示泛指）Jack of sth: 缺乏（一般前面有限定詞；再者就是固定搭配， 前面不加 a） He showed a complete lack of con fide nee. The case was dismissed for lack of ha