“主謂一致”教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

1、中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)北戴河新區(qū)長白學(xué)校 姜殿鳳考情分析： “主謂一致”是每年中考的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，平均每年一道題。學(xué)情分析： 學(xué)生需要對該語法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的歸納和總結(jié)，并靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。教師的精確點(diǎn)撥可以幫助學(xué)生更好地掌握語法知識(shí)。復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：  1.能掌握主謂一致的基本原則。  2.能在具體的練習(xí)題中總結(jié)歸納有關(guān)主謂一致的規(guī)則。  3.能體驗(yàn)到自主學(xué)習(xí)的重要性、探究學(xué)習(xí)并完成任務(wù)的快樂。復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)： 重點(diǎn)：主謂一致應(yīng)遵循的三個(gè)基本原則。 難點(diǎn)：一些代詞、集合名詞等作主語時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則。 復(fù)習(xí)策略：自主復(fù)習(xí) 合作探究 精心點(diǎn)撥 模擬演練 歸納總

2、結(jié)教學(xué)過程：Step :導(dǎo)入 播放幻燈片“中考導(dǎo)航”，使學(xué)生了解“主謂一致”是中考中的高頻考點(diǎn)。 中考導(dǎo)航：考 點(diǎn)河北省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì) 高頻 考點(diǎn)20122013 201420152016主 謂一致語法一致意義一致就近原則考情分析：從近五年考查情況看，主謂一致是每年的必考點(diǎn)，每年均考查一道題目。2017年備考時(shí)要熟練掌握主謂一致的各種情形，并做適量的練習(xí)來掌握和鞏固。 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：使學(xué)生了解“主謂一致”是中考中的高頻考點(diǎn)。Step :考點(diǎn)突破 學(xué)生探究，教師精確點(diǎn)撥，突破考點(diǎn)。1. 主謂一致的含義（幻燈片3） 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 2.主謂一致三原則：（幻燈片4 ）

3、語法一致原則：指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Tom _(be) a good student. They often _(play) football on the playground.意義一致原則：（幻燈片5 ）指謂語動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記. 指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family _(is, are) having lunch now. Maths _ (is, are) di

4、fficult for me. 就近一致原則：（幻燈片6）指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致. Not only the teacher but also his students _(like) playing football.There _(be) a pen and some books on the desk. 突破考點(diǎn)： 名詞作主語：（幻燈片7 12）1.單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk _(be) Toms. Some water_ (be) in the bottl

5、e. The students _ (be) playing football on the playground. 2.某些集體名詞，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His family _(be) a happy one.  The whole family _ (be) watching TV. 3. 某些集體名詞，如people, police ,clothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The

6、police _ ( be) searching for the thief. 4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如 sheep, deer,fish, Chinese,Japanese 主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep _ (be) over there.  Some sheep _ (be) over there.   5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 The doctors is across the street.  My uncles is not

7、 far from here.   常見的省略名詞有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理發(fā)店）, the Zhangs（張家）等。 注: the 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人。 The Greens _(is, are) having breakfast now. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants _(is, are) mine. My glasses _(is, are) on the table. 但如果主語用“a kin

8、d of, a pair of , 等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A pair of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk. Two pairs of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.7當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The United States _（is, are) in North America.8news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). No news _ (

9、is, are) good news. Maths _(is, are) very popular in our class .連接詞連接的名詞作主語: （幻燈片13 16）1 用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Walking and riding are good exercises.   注：A：并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或 同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式： a/the+n+and+n，指的是同一個(gè)人或物； a/the+n+and+a/the+n，指兩個(gè)人或物。 The writer an

10、d teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, 等修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except,

11、besides, including,等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。 判斷畫線部分對錯(cuò)：(1) The teacher as well as the students were reading in the library. ( )(2) The woman with two children are my aunt.( )(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. ( )(4) The students ,including their teacher, is going to meet the

12、brave man.( )(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes sports.( )(6) Mr. Li besides his sons like sports. ( )3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。 Either you or he _ (is, are) to go.  Not one but all of us _(is, are) hoping to be there. 4. The

13、re be 結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致的原則。 There_ (be) a book , two pens on the desk.There _(be) two pens , a book in the desk.代詞作主語：（幻燈片17 19）1名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 Ours (Our Party) _(is, are) a great party.  Your shoes are black, and mine _(is, are) brown. 3疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義

14、，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Who_ (is, are) your brother?Who _(is, are) League members?  4不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (1) Nobody was in. (2) Is everyone here t

15、oday. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has/have seen the film.  (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. （7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. 分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語：（幻燈片20 - 23） 1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part o

16、f, rest of”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致. （1）All of the food _ (is, are) ready. All of the workers _ (is, are) working. (2) Part of the work_ (is, are) been done by us 。Part of the students _ (have, has) gone. 2表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas _(is, are)l

17、eft on the table.   3表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English. 4分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of

18、+名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 Ten percent of the apples _ (was, were) bad . 注意: population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China_(be)1.36 billion and 70% of the population _ (be) peasants 5a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)。 The number of the teach

19、ers in No. 2 Middle School _(be) over 100. A number of them _ (be) young. 名詞化的形容詞作主語：（幻燈片24 ） 如果主語由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb.The rich often _ (help, helps) the poor.從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語：（幻燈片25）1由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句

20、，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What we need _ (is, are) more time.  What we need _(is, are) doctors. 2動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 To see _ (is, are) to believeDoing eye exercises _ (is, are) good for your eyes. 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過合作探究，教師點(diǎn)撥的方式，讓學(xué)生理解知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，突破各個(gè)難點(diǎn)。Step .模擬演練（幻燈片2628）學(xué)生完成模擬練習(xí)，教師精確

21、點(diǎn)撥。1Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4Look! There _ playing wi

22、th the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster. A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6Everyone except Bill and Jim

23、_there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were7Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five9. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were11. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is