2021年新高考英語語法突破講義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

1、第二課時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣_118悟需考明確考向_練負(fù)題，明考同，高效隔關(guān)r語法填空【典題試做】1. （全國(guó)卷川）Truly elegant chopsticks might be made（make） of gold and silver withChin ese characters.2.（全國(guó)卷n）Sinee nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.1. 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法；2. 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done”的用法；3.考查虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法和 with,without

2、, but for, or 等構(gòu)成的含蓄虛擬條件句的用法；4.考查 wish 后的賓語從句，as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的從句等固定句式中虛擬語氣的用法。短文改錯(cuò)【典題試做】1. （2018 全國(guó)卷n）. ., my parents would not to let me.刪除 to2. （全國(guó)卷n）Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.can should 或刪除 can3. （全國(guó)卷n）We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.

3、chosechoose1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要加動(dòng)詞原形，在短文改錯(cuò)中經(jīng)常漏掉系動(dòng)詞be,或在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加了 動(dòng)詞的其他形式；2. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的錯(cuò)用；3.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的錯(cuò)用（主要體現(xiàn)在 should的錯(cuò)用上）；4. 虛擬語氣在其他句型中的錯(cuò)用。二_考點(diǎn)突破針對(duì)提能_ -明考點(diǎn)，攻亜雅，有效捉升r考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法（一 ）can 和 could 的用法1表示“能力”，意為“能，會(huì)”。（2017 北京卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf. 塞繆爾是

4、我們班最高的男孩，他能輕易地夠著書架頂層的書。（湖北卷 ）It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.過了好幾分鐘，我才理解他說的是什么。名師點(diǎn)津was/were able to 表示過去有能力做并且成功做了某事，相當(dāng)于managed to dosth./succeeded in doing sth.。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館，但是每個(gè)人都逃

5、了出來。2表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，用于否定句或疑問句中。can 比 could 語氣強(qiáng)。That canbte Maryshe is in London now.那不可能是瑪麗 現(xiàn)在她在倫敦。3表示理論上的可能性，意為“有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”，用于肯定句。（2018 北京卷）ln today nformation age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for acompany.在今天的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。4表示禮貌地請(qǐng)求，意為“能，可以”。在疑問句中could 可代替 can, 語氣更委婉。（江蘇卷 ）Can

6、you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life ？ 你能告訴我們 你幸福和長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣嗎？ Living every day to the full, definitely.過好每一天。5.用于固定句式：cann ot.too/e nough 無論.也不過分；越.越好.”。（陜西卷 ）l can tthank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我非常感謝你，在我們不在家時(shí)幫助我的兒子。（二）may 和 might 的用法1. 表示許

7、可和請(qǐng)求，在疑問句中 might 比 may 的語氣更委婉。（北京卷 ）Might /May l have a word with you? lt wonttake long. 我可以和你說句話嗎？ 不會(huì)耽誤你很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。2. 表示推測(cè)，意為“可能，或許”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。（湖南卷）lf you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house.當(dāng)你離開時(shí)如果忘記關(guān)掉它，你可能會(huì)燒毀整座房子。3用于固定句式：may as well 動(dòng)詞原形，意為 “最好；倒不如 Since it is rai

8、ning hard, you mayas well stay here. 既然雨下得這么大，你倒不如待在這兒。（三 ）must 的用法1 表示義務(wù)、必要性等，意為“必須”。其否定式mustn 意為“禁止”。（北京卷 ） Canytou stay a little longer?難道你不能再多待一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?It s getting late.I really must go now.My daughter is home alone. 時(shí)間不早了?，F(xiàn) 在我確實(shí)得走了。我的女兒獨(dú)自一人在家呢。2.表示猜測(cè)、推測(cè)，意為“想必，一定”。 must常用于肯定句中。對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，用 must

9、 do;對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，用must be doing ;對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，用 must have done。（重慶卷）You must be Carol.You haven changed a bit after all these years. 你一定是卡羅爾。這么多年你一點(diǎn)都沒變。3.表示偏執(zhí)，固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”。（遼寧卷 ）If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到 暴風(fēng)雨停了。（四）shall 的用法1 .用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。

10、 （江西卷 ）Shall Itell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow? 要我告訴布雷特明天放學(xué)后以后直接過來嗎？2.用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。（遼寧卷 ）One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我們有一條規(guī)定，那就是每名學(xué)生在校期間都必須穿校服。（五）should 的用法1 .表示勸告和建議，意為“應(yīng)該” 。I don tnk you should give u

11、p the opport unity to go to uni versity whichyou have bee ndreaming about.我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該放棄你一直以來夢(mèng)想的上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。2. 表示推測(cè)、 可能性、 或預(yù)期， 意為“應(yīng)該;可能”。He should be here on time he started earlyenough.他應(yīng)該按時(shí)到這里的 他很早就出發(fā)了。3.用于表示感情或意志等的 that 從句中，意為“竟然；居然”。（2018 江蘇卷）lt s strange that he should have taken the books without the ow

12、nerspermissi on.簡(jiǎn)直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允許就把這些書拿走了。（六）will 和 would 的用法1 .表示意志或意愿。 will 指現(xiàn)在，would 指過去。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 我已再三告訴他戒 煙，但是他就是不聽。（江蘇卷）Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldn say where he was. 幾天后，我哥哥打電話說他一切都好，但不愿意說他在哪

13、兒。2.表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，意為總是”，will 指現(xiàn)在，would 指過去。（四川卷）1 still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disn eyla nd atweeke nds.我仍舊記得快樂的童年，那時(shí)我媽媽經(jīng)常在周末帶我去迪士尼樂園。3.表示征求意見或提出請(qǐng)求，多用于第二人稱疑問句中。would 比 will 語氣委婉。Will /Would you please let me have a look at your new watch ?請(qǐng)讓我看看你的新手表好嗎？（七）need 的用法need

14、表示必要性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，needn 表示不必”。need 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化；其后可接名詞、代詞、 帶 to 的不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。（2017 天津卷）My room is a mess, but I needn tean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in themorning.我的房間里亂糟糟的，不過我今天晚上出門之前沒必要打掃，我可以上午再打掃。Since you know it already, we don need to keep it a secret. 既然你已經(jīng)知道

15、了，我們就沒有必要保密了。（八）dare 的用法dare 意為“敢，敢于”，沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件 句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中通常接帶to 的不定式，在疑問句和否定句中，dare 之后的不定式可省略。How dare you leave your home without your parents permis?on在沒有征得你父母同意的情況下你怎么敢離開家？Most people hate Harry but they don dare to say so.大多數(shù)人對(duì)哈利敢怒不敢言?？键c(diǎn)二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done對(duì)過去的must hav

16、e done一定做過某事（肯定句）推測(cè)can/could have done過去不可能做過某事（否定句）過去可能做過某事嗎？（疑冋句）may/might過去可能做過某事（肯定句）have done過去可能沒有做過某事（否定句）對(duì)過去情could have done本來能夠做但卻未做況的后should have done本來應(yīng)該做但是實(shí)際上未做悔、遺憾shouldn t have done本來不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了或責(zé)備n eed nthave done本來沒必要做卻做了（2019 天津卷） Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He must ha

17、ve practised many times last week.保羅在演講比賽中表現(xiàn)得很好。他上周一定練習(xí)了很多次。（福建卷）Sorry, Mum ！ I failed the job in terview agai n.-對(duì)不起，媽媽！我工作面試又失敗了。Oh, it s too bad.You should have made full preparations.- 哦，太糟糕了。你本應(yīng)該做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。if 條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主句謂語動(dòng)詞從句謂語動(dòng)詞虛擬現(xiàn)在should/would/ could/might + do過去式（be 用 were）虛擬過去should/would

18、/could/ might + have donehad +過去分詞虛擬將來should/would/ could/might + do過去式 /were to do/should do（2018 北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few morekilometers.如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。（北京卷）We would be back in the hotel now if you didn t lose the map.如果你沒有把地圖丟了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就回到旅館了。（安徽

19、卷）Grace doesn want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often.格蕾絲不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住在那里，她就不能經(jīng)?？吹剿母改噶?。名師點(diǎn)津在 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞含有 had, were, should 時(shí)，可以把 if 省略，將 had, were, should 提到句首，變成倒裝句。（2017 蘇卷）Were it not for the support of

20、 the teachers, the studentcould not overcomeher difficulty.如果沒有老師的幫助，這個(gè)學(xué)生克服不了她的困難。（江蘇卷）lt might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.要是早知道時(shí)間表的話，可能會(huì)省去我一些麻煩。（2）如果主句和從句是對(duì)不同時(shí)間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱為錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣。此時(shí)主句常有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，并且動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。（北京卷）Maybe if I had studied scienee, and not literature t

21、hen, I would be able to give you morehelp.也許如果當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)的是理科不是文科的話，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。考點(diǎn)四含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，這叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常用的這類詞或短語有without（要是）沒有，but for 要不是，otherwise/or 否則等。（2019 天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplishedthe task in half

22、the time. 工人們沒有被更好地組織起來，否則他們用一半的時(shí)間就能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。（江蘇卷）Ma ny of the things we now ben efit from would not be around but for Thomas Edis on.要不是托馬斯愛迪生，我們現(xiàn)在從中獲益的很多東西就不會(huì)存在?？键c(diǎn)五虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用（一）虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1 在表示要求、命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞后接同 位語或表語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用“（should +）動(dòng)詞原形”。常見的此類動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（order, comma nd

23、）、三要求（require, dema nd, request）、四建議（suggest, advise, propose,recomme nd）。（江蘇卷）She suggested that Dale （should） join the debating team, believing that practice inspeak ing could give him the con fide nee and recog niti on that he n eeded.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會(huì)給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。He insisted that the prob

24、lem ( should ) be discussed at the meeting.他執(zhí)意要求在會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問題。My suggestion was that necessary measures (should )be taken to protect the children from dangerous situati ons.我的建議是采取必要措施來保護(hù)孩子們遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)的境遇。名師點(diǎn)津當(dāng) suggest 作暗示，表明”，insist 作堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。His sile nee suggested that he agreed with my decisi on.他的沉默

25、表明他同意我的決定。He insisted that he hadn stolen the money.他堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷過錢。2.在“ It is/was + adj ./do ne+ that. ”句型中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用 (should +)動(dòng)詞原 形”。常見的形容詞或過去分詞有 important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested,dema nded 等。It is necessary that we (should ) clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。I

26、t is required that middle school stude nts (should) take at least one hour exercise every day. 中學(xué)生被要求每天至少進(jìn)行一個(gè)小時(shí)的鍛煉。3.wish 后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：情況從句謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式（be 動(dòng)詞一般用 were）與過去事實(shí)相反had +過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形（2018 蘇卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chanee t

27、obecome more in volved.這個(gè)村子里的人們有良好的社交生活，我希望自己還能有機(jī)會(huì)去更多地參與其中。I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.我真希望我已經(jīng)告訴了他到超市的路線。I wish you could give me the book you borrowed from me last week tomorrow.我希望你明天把你上周從我這兒借的那本書還給我。4.would rather 所接的賓語從句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼?虛擬；從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。（陜西卷）

28、 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is nota child any Ion ger.我們寧愿女兒待在家，陪在我們身邊，但是選擇權(quán)在她手上，畢竟 她不再是個(gè)孩子了。I drather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我起去海邊就好了。（二）三個(gè)固定句式中的虛擬語氣句式現(xiàn)在虛擬過去虛擬將來虛擬if only 引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句過去式had +過去分詞would/c

29、ould/might +動(dòng)詞原形as if/though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句及方式狀語從句過去式had +過去分詞would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形It is (high) time that.過去式或 should +動(dòng)詞原形(2019 天津卷)Mary description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been there.瑪麗對(duì)這次聚會(huì)的描述是如此生動(dòng)，以至于我覺得我好像去過那里一樣。It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solv

30、e the problem. 確實(shí)到了我們采取措施解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候了。Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teacher advice!看看我們所處的困境，要是我們當(dāng)初聽從老師的建議該多好！名師點(diǎn)津當(dāng) as if/though 引導(dǎo)的句子所敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。_ J解題指導(dǎo)融類旁通尋方進(jìn)，來策皐幄“套牆“尸如何判定情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣一、意義和語氣判斷法所謂意義判斷法就是分析語境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是答題的前提。此外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說

31、話人的語氣、態(tài)度或情感，所以在解答此類試題時(shí)，要從說話者的角度去考慮問題，結(jié)合具體的語境來分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合說話者的語氣以及特定的情感需要。例 1 （浙江卷）George_ （not go） too far. His coffee is still warm.分析cant/couldn have gone 由下文的 His coffee is still warm.可以看出，喬治應(yīng)該是剛離開，不可能走太遠(yuǎn)，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情非常有把握的否定推測(cè)，故填 can /couldn have gone。二、時(shí)間判斷法虛擬語氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于判斷句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行

32、虛擬。判斷出時(shí)間后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)或句型確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。例 2 （天津卷）1 wish I_（be） at my sister wedding last Tuesday, but I wason a bus in ess trip in New York the n.分析had been 句意：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的 but 可知“我參加了妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時(shí)間狀語lastTuesday 可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去， 此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故謂語用“had +過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填 had been。_ J跟蹤檢測(cè)遷移應(yīng)用球摸擬

33、，塩規(guī)范，夯基鍛能I.單句語法填空1.（2020 天津河?xùn)|一模）Where is my Chinese book? I remember I put it here yesterday.You must have put it in the wrong place.2.（2020 蘇州調(diào)研 ）John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I wouldrather he came（come） tomorrow tha n today.3.（2020 杭州七校模擬）When you pho ned me, I was

34、 having a meet in g; how I wish I had_answered（a nswer） your call.4.（2020 天津十二校二模 ）He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he can be quite charming when hewishes.5.（2020 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)教情調(diào)查）Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he would go outand buy someth ing, usually somethi ng large and useless.6.（2020 天津南開一模）

35、What does the sign over there read?No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.7.（2020 天津和平一模 ）The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should） be developed（develop）.8.（2020 湖北四地七校聯(lián)考 ） It is high time that you considered/should_ consider （consider）thatif there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.9.（2020 天津十二校二模） You didn letme drive.If we had=_driven （drive）by turns, you wouldn t have got so tired.10. （2020 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)教情調(diào)查）Mum, little Ray broke his toys again!It does n t mat