2011年高考英語 熱點專題-非謂語動詞

1、專題五 非謂語動詞 11 命題趨勢分析非謂語動詞是中學語法中的重要內(nèi)容，也是高考重要考點之一?？键c主要分布在以下幾方面：1、不定式和動名詞作主語和賓語；2、分詞和不定式作賓補，狀語和定語；3、非謂語動詞的各種形式；4、動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)；5、“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)；6、不定式的省略；7、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別?？键c分析如下：考點一：不定式和分詞作狀語（其邏輯主 語必須和句子的主語一致）1.分詞作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式，伴隨狀況等。Hearing the news , they got excited .(時間)Having been bitten by a snake ,

2、 she was frightened of it . (原因)Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(條件)Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (讓步)The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(結(jié)果)The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴隨狀況)注意：獨立成分作狀語，有些分詞短語，其形式不受上下文的影

3、響，稱其獨立成分，常見的有：generally speaking 一般來說frankly speaking 坦白地說strictly speaking 嚴格地講judging from/ by 根據(jù)來 considering , 考慮到 to be honest 老實說taken as a whole , 總的來說to tell the trnth .說真的 to be honest 老實說to make things worse 使事情更糟的是given 考慮到2.不定式作狀語。表示“目的，結(jié)果，原因”。下列作表語用的形容詞，后可接不定式作狀語。happy, lucky, fortunate

4、, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortalbe 等。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下： (Sth 是不定式to do這個動作的承受者) (Sb 是不定式to do這個動作的發(fā)出者）Sb be + glad + to do sure surprised Sth be + easy + to do difficult cornfortab

5、le AB跟在動詞之后作狀語The doctor did all he could to save the boy.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語in order to do（為了.） so as to do（以便.）so adj/adv as to do（如此以致于.）too adj/adv to do（太.而不能.）adj/adv enough to do（足夠.以致于.）only to do （結(jié)果）考點二：不定式和動名詞作賓語1.下列動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語，常見的動詞有：agree, seek , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , lea

6、rn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend , promise , ask , want , expect , intend , wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (著手，開始) attempt , make up one's mind , try one's best 等.2.有些動詞不能直接跟不定式作賓語，需用it 代替不定式。常見的動詞有：find , make , feel , think , consider , supp

7、ose 等。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主+ V( make , find ) it + adi /n + 不定式This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop quickly .3.下列動詞及短語等后面只接動名詞作賓語admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist , include , finish , imagine , keep (on ) , mind , p

8、ractise , suggest , allow , permit , stand （忍受） ，consider（考慮），forbid 等詞。be / get used to , give up , feel like , insist on , put off, stick to , be busy , look forward to , object to 等詞組。 sb have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing. sb have great fun doing sb have a hard ( good ) time ( in ) doingsb s

9、pend / waste time /money( in ) doing sb be busy doing 或sb keep sb busy doing sb/ sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing What / How about doing ？ sth be worth doing ; sb prefer doing to doing .等句型4.下列動詞后可接不定式和動名詞作賓語，但意義不一樣。forgetto do忘記去做doing忘記已經(jīng)做過remem-berto do記住去做doing記得曾經(jīng)做過regretto do后悔（遺憾）去做doi

10、ng后悔做過某事stopto do停下來接著做另一件事doing停止做一件事tryto do努力（試圖）做某事doing嘗試著做go onto do（做完某事）接著做另一件事doing連續(xù)做同一件事can't helpto do不能幫助做doing情不自禁地做meanto do意欲（想，企圖）做doing意味著（意思是）做5.allow , advise , forbid , permint 之后用動名詞作賓語，但要用不定式作賓補。The manager doesn't allow smoking in this office.The manger doesn't al

11、low anybody to smoke in his office.6.下列動詞接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。like ( love , prefer ) +doing 常表示經(jīng)常性的行為like ( love , prefer) + to do 常表示暫時的行為I like talking very much but I don't like to talk with this stranger.如果like , love , prefer 前有would / should , 后面則應(yīng)接動詞不定式。We'd like to go swimming this weekend

12、if it is fine.need , requtre , want 當“需要”解時，其后可接動名詞doing，也可接不定式to be done作賓語?？键c三：作賓補（其邏輯主語就是句子的賓語）1不定式作賓補可帶to 的不定式作賓補的動詞有：ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, invite, beg, force, oblige, allow, permit, forbid, get , warn, encourage, prefer, persuade, cause 等。不帶to 的不定式作賓補的動詞有：have, make, let

13、, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel,listen to, look at 等。但在被動語態(tài)中，不定式必須帶上to。We often hear him sing this song.He is often heard to sing this song.可以用to be 作賓補的動詞有：think, consider, believe, imagine, feel, declare , find, suppose 等。We all believe him to be fit for this position.分詞作賓補seehearnoticeo

14、bservewatch listen tolook at+ sbfind +sbkeep表示“使處于某種狀態(tài)” leave + have sth done表示“使（讓，叫）某人做某事”；“使遭受”get sth done表示“使（讓，叫）某人做某事”have sb/sth doing（主動，進行）表示“讓某人持續(xù)地做某事”get sb/sth doing表示“使某人（物）開始行動起來”表示“使（讓，叫）某人去做某事注：have sb doing 用于否定句，其中"have" 有“容忍”之意。I won't have you speaking to your pare

15、nts like that.make oneself+done (undorstood, heard, seen)（表示“使自己被聽懂，聽見，看到。）catch sb doing（發(fā)覺抓住某人做某事）考點四：作定語（其邏輯主語就是所修飾的名詞或代詞）1、分詞作定語，相當于定語從句。單個的分詞作定語，要放在所修飾的詞前面，分詞短語要后置。Tell the badly-wounded soldier not to make any movement.The boy flying the model plane is interested in different types of planes.=

16、who is flying the moded planeIs this the student praised at the meeting?=who was praised at the meeting?2、不定式作定語(不定式置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后)下列名詞后?？山?to do作定語way, need, time, plan, attempt, promise, right, chance, opportunity, reason, effort, struggle, ability, idea 等。It is the ability to do the job that matte

17、rs.序數(shù)詞作表語或作表語的名詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，后接to do作定語.He is always the first (student) to come to school and the last to leave the school.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時一般不能作定語。過去分詞（done），現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動式（being done）和不定式的一般式的被動式（to bedone）作定語的差別主要體現(xiàn)在動作發(fā)生的時間上。We must keep a secret for things being discussed at the meeting now.（我們必須對現(xiàn)在會上正在討論的問

18、題保守密秘。）The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is about how to get rid of waste.（明天會上將要討論的問題是關(guān)于怎樣去除垃圾的。）Haven't you solved the problems discussed at the meeting last week?（難道你們還沒有解決上周已經(jīng)討論過的問題？）考點五：不定式和動名詞作主語。1謂語動詞用單數(shù)；并列主語，形式保持一致；動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性或經(jīng)常性、習慣性行為；而不定式作主語則表示短暫的或具體的一次性行為，且

19、不定式作主語常用形式主語it，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is / was adj / n（for/of sb） to do . Taking exercise makes us healthy.It is impossible for us to finish the work ahead of time.It's careless of him to break the rare vase. It's more important to answer correctly than to answer quickly.2.下列句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用動名詞作主語考點六：非謂語動詞的各種形式1、不

20、定式的各種形式一般式主動被動to doto be done表示“未發(fā)生的動作”進行式to be doing表示“正在進行的動作”完成式to have doneto have been done表示“已經(jīng)發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作”完成進行式to have been doing表示“謂語動作之前一直進行的動作”例句：He is said to have been studying abroad, but I don't know which country he is studying in.He kept silent about the accident so as not to lo

21、se his job.The house on the hill is said not to have been destroyed in the floods.People in developed countries are supposed to have had more healthy food before than what they have today.Mr Green happened to be crossing the street when the accident took place.They ordered the plan to be carried out

22、 without delay.注意： would like/love + to have done 表示“過去愿意做但事實上未做的事”I would love to have gone to the party lost night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.We planned to have come to see you last night ,but were prevented from doing so by the heavy rain.Sb / Sthbesaidtohave(been )done(謂語

23、動作之前)thoughtconsideseddo /be(同時或之后發(fā)生)reportedto be doing(正在進行)believed2、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式主動被 動一般式doing（主動、進行）being done(被動、進行)常作定語與謂 V同時發(fā)生完成式having done（主動、完成）having been done（被動、完成）先于謂V 發(fā)生（一般作狀語，不可作定語）例句：Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart beating fast.Now English is one of the most important subje

24、cts being taught in middle schools.Having been given a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from his stomach cancer in about two years.注意：過去分詞（done）和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式（having been done）的區(qū)別。過去分詞（done）作定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式（having been done）不能作定語。作時 間狀語常用having been done; 作伴隨、條件狀語用done；作原因、讓步having been done和do

25、ne二者互換。例句：Having been shown around the labs, we were taken to the library.（時間）Having been told / Told many times , he still repeated the same mistake.（讓 步）Having been separated / .separated from other continents ,there are many animals and plants that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.（原因）3

26、、動名詞的各種形式主動被 動一般式doingbeing done與謂V同時發(fā)生完成式having donehaving been done(一般情況下不用)先于謂V發(fā)生How I regret having wasted time in doing the useless work! Would you mind being left alone at home? Never mind.考點七：“疑問詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞有：who, which, when, where, how, what, whether 這個結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中具有名詞的作用，接近于一個名詞性從句，常用在tell, sho

27、w, know, decide, teach, learn, discuss, wonder, fine out, explain, forget, remember 等詞后作賓語，也可作主語、表語。There are so many kinds of taperecorders in the store that I can't choose which to buy. （賓語）When and where to build a new factory hasn't been decided yet. （主語）The problem is how to get rid of

28、waste in big cities. （表語）注意：why 不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)考點八：不定式的省略有時為了避免重復，可以用 to 來代替前面的不定式。這種省略常出現(xiàn)在：1、作動詞賓語的不定式。如expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try等。Do remember to come to my birthday party tomottow.I won't forget to (come to your birthday).2、作下列動詞賓語補足語的不定式force, advise, permit, prefer, i

29、nvite, fell, want, ask, alloun 等。Did your husband give up smoking?No, he was advised to (give up), but he wouldn't listen.3、be happy, would like / love, be going to, used to, have to, ought to, would rather, had better can't but, do nothing but 等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的不定式Could you explain this to me?Certainly

30、, l'll be glad to.但，如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，含有 be, have, have been則不能省略。I didn't tell him the news.Oh, you ougnt to have.4、當but, except 前有do 的某種形式時，不定式前的to 省略。Sandy had no choice but to admit to his teacher that he was wrong.There was nothing left to do but drop herself in bed weeping.考點九：動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)例：Mary

31、's staying up so late worries her mother. (= That Mary stays up so late)Your going there will help a lot.(= That you go there) I can hardly imagine Peter sailing acoss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.考點十：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞1、時態(tài)和語態(tài)上的區(qū)別：時態(tài)上的區(qū)別（現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成。）We can drink cold boiled water, but w

32、e can't drink hot boiling water.語態(tài)上的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，即：分詞與其邏輯主語之間存在主謂關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動，即：分詞在其邏輯主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。當分詞作狀語、表語時，其邏輯主語是句子的主語；當分詞作定語時，其邏輯主語是所修飾的詞；當分詞作賓補時，其邏輯主語是句子的賓語。A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.The restaurant, serving food ordinary, is popular with the workers in the near

33、by companies.Travelling is interesting, but we often feel tired when we are back from travels.When he got home, he found the gas burning but the door locked.2、surprising與surprised等的區(qū)別：下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞常用來指物。即：作表語、狀語，句子的主語是指物的名詞或代詞；作定語，所修飾的詞是指物的詞；作賓補，賓語是指物的詞。過去分詞常用來指人。常見的動詞有：surprise, astonish, shock, intere

34、st, please, satisfy, terrify, inspire, frighten, move, puzzle, touch, excite, delight, disappoint, tire, amuse等。While seeing the frightening movie, most of the frightened children cried with great fear.若修飾的詞是表情(expression, look)，喊聲(cry, scream)，聲音(voice)，則常用過去分詞。He had a pleased look on his face whe

35、n he heard the result.52高考真題演練一、單項選擇1 when trying to achieve your goals is a quality few people possess, which will be of great help to you.A.Do be patientB.Having been patient C.Be patient D.Being patient2.How long do you plan to stay in this company, if ?A.to be hiredB.being hiredC.hiredD.Having h

36、ired3.The math proloem made all the students feel .None of them have worked it out so far.A.puzzled; puzzledB.puzzled ; puzzlingC.puzzling; puzzledD.puzzling; puzzling4.Wise parents often give advice to their children , them to do something interesting.A.inspiringB.having inspiredC.inspireD.to inspi

37、re5.Finding that her son has no talent for music, she suggested law as his major.A.him to takeB.him takingC.he takesD.he took6.With a chicken on the fire , I cant leave now.A.roastingB.roastedC.be roastedD.being roasted7.Youve made great progress in your English study , havent you?Yes , but much rem

38、ains .A.to doB.doneC.to be doneD.doing8. with so difficult a problem , Handy had to turn to his sister.A.FacingB.FacedC.Having facedD.To face9.We should like about this deal with you , but we had some important things to handle then.A.to have talkedB.to talk C.talkingD.having talked10.The peaceful l

39、ife he was used to last year , when a chemical works opened not far from where he lived.A.changedB.changeC.changingD.has changed11.The gentleman to the beautiful lady was trying to persuade her into acting in his new film.A.whispersB.whisperedC.whisperingD.to whisper12.Dont worry about Mary. She wil

40、l drive as carefully as she can any accident.A.to avoidB.avoidC.have avoidedD.avoiding13.Not only did he have a clear head about , but he also knew what preparations should be made first.A.what doingB.what doneC.what to do D.what to be done14. that his family were out of danger, he fell asleep at ea

41、se after several sleepless nights.A.ConvincingB.To convinceC.Having convincedD.Convinced15. through the forest , we were very thankful in that he helped us out of trouble.A.LeadingB.Led C.To leadD.Having led16.Although Michael Jackson passed away , his song Beat it is very popular among the young pe

42、ople, first at that moment.A.being rankedB.rankingC.had rankedD.to rank17.When the wounded soldier came to himself the next morning , he found himself in a room.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.was locked18.The applicants for the job are required not only to bring all the necessary papers but also to hav

43、e a written examination.A.interviewB.to be interviewedC.to in terviewD.in terviewing19. so many hardships during the war , people of the two countries were very happy at the coming of peace.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.Having sufferedD.To suffer二、單詞拼寫1.The young man listened to the scientist with a (困惑)ex

44、prexion on his face.2.Please remain (坐)；the winner of the prize will be annoumced soom.3.Wang Hao is my favouirte ping-pong player, (排名)first in the world.4.Drivers are asked to (系牢)their seatbelts when they drive on the road for satety.5.It takes only two hours to get my cell phone fully (充電).6.Wou

45、ld you please give me some advice on how to (提高)my English writing?7.On (走)out of the meeting hall, the famous director was sunounded by a group of reporters.8.I felt it an honour to be chosen to get (培訓)in Beijing for a week.9.I cant help (認為)that I am a great failure as a writer.10.Besides working as