雅思劍橋真題長難句解析

1、1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(劍 4, General Training Test B section 3 )分析： 本句的主句為 "Thescent was a message to the other bees" "shecarried in her samples and on her body為定語從句，做 The scen

2、t的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因 此被省掉；“that this was the one they were looking for 為 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,做 a message的同位語；“they were looking for為定語從句，做the one的定語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做for的賓語，因此被省掉。2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study

3、of animal behavior generally.(僉U4, General Training Test B section 3 )分析： 本句的主句為 "he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts aboutandrevolutionize the study of animal behavior generally ; "hoW bees communicated how 弓 I導(dǎo)的賓 語從句，做介詞 about的賓語。3. There had, of course, been dictio

4、naries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ' of hard usual English words'5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本句主句 "There had been dictionaries; "the first of these be

5、ing a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ' of hard usual English words立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， 其中 “compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray"和"publishedin 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall' ofnard usual Eng

6、lishwords'均為過去分詞短語作定語，做 a little book的定語。4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(僉 U 5, Test 1 pas

7、sage 1分析：本句的主句為 "It is highly appropriate that 其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為 that 弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句，即 "thaDr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class ；在

8、主語從句中 "thevery model of an eighteenth-century literary man 為 DrSamuel Johnson 的同位語， "as famous in his own time as in ours 為 Dr Samuel Johnson 的定語。5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.

9、(僉U 5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本句的主句為 "His approach to the problems was intensely practical "thathad worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries 為定語從句, 做 the”problems的定語，關(guān)系詞為 that。6. He was to be paid £ 1,575 in installments, and from this he took money

10、to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his' dictionary wor5s h®p>t 1 passage 1分析： 本句為并列句，“Hewas to be paid £ 1,575 in installments 和“fromthis he tookmoney to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his' dictionary woakshioopm;”“in which he set up his' dictionary worksh

11、o伙句， 做"17 Gough Square 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為which。7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked asup 'fittedlike a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.(僉U 5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本句主句為“ James Boswel

12、l described the garret as fitted up like a counting house'with a long desk. ;“'his biographer為 James Boswell 的同位語； "where Johnson worked為定”語從句，做the garret的定語，關(guān)系詞為 where; "running down the middle為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做 定語， 做 a long desk 的定語； “ at which the copying clerks would work standing up 為定語

13、從句， ” 做 long desk 的定語，關(guān)系詞為which 。8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 1)分析： 本句主句為“ He was also helped by six assistants ； “ t”wo of whom died whilst thedictionary was still in preparation 為定語從句，“做 six assistant

14、s 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為 whom； 在 定語從句中，“ whilst the dictionary was still in preparation 為 whilst 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 ”9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause f

15、or much English celebration. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 1)分析： 本句的主句為“ The fact was cause for much English celebration ； “ tha” t Johnson hadtaken on the Academies of Europe and matched them 為 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做 ”The fact 的同位語；括號中部分起到解釋說明的作用。10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing e

16、xperiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader' in a situation in whichghtht efeseul bajects nipersonal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (劍 5

17、, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句主句為“ Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks oflife for their willingness to obey instructions given by asituation ； ”“ leAadfeewr' iynears ago,in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology 為狀語；“ inwhich

18、the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform 為定語從句，做a situation 的定語，關(guān)系詞為which, 其中 “ they were called upon to perform ”也為定語從句，做the actions 的定語，關(guān)系詞在該定語從句中做賓語，因此被省掉。11. Milgram told each volunteer te-saucbhjeerct' that the experiment was in the noble

19、cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句的主句為"Milgram told each volunteer'teachesubject' that "； "thattheexperiment was in the

20、noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn. 為賓語從句， 做動詞 told 的賓語；“ whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positiveeffect on the pupil's ability to l

21、earn 為 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做 ”test 的賓語。1. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.(僉U 5, Test 1 passage 2分析： 本句的主句為The teacher-subj

22、ect was told that ""that whenever the pupil gavethe wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer 為 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做 ”tell 的賓語；在該賓語從句中“ a shock was to be administered 為主句，而 ”“ whenever th

23、e pupil gave thewrong answer to a question 為 whe” never 引導(dǎo)的時間裝語從句，在該賓語從句中做時間狀語，“ beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer 為現(xiàn) 在分詞短語做狀語，在該賓語從句中做伴隨狀語。2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever le

24、vel of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.(僉U 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句為“ Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil,and to administer whatever level of shock was called for ” 其中 ;“ whateverlevel of shock wascalled fo

25、r為whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做administer的賓語；as per為介詞短語，意為依據(jù)，根據(jù)； “ governing the experimental situation of the moment 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語， ”做 the rule的定語。3. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments

26、, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析：本句主句“ the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions” ; “ As theexperiment unfolded 為A”s 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，做該主句的時間狀語；“ posed by the teacher ”為過去分詞短語作定語，做 questions 的定語； “ bringing on various electrical punishmen

27、ts, evenup to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，做主句的伴隨狀語。 ”4. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment. (劍5, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句的主句為 "Milgram calmly explained that ” tha

28、tthe teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment 為 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，” 做 explain的賓語；在該賓語從句中“ to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment 為不”定式做表語。5. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important fo

29、r the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句的主句為"Milgram said that " "If the subject was still reluctant to proceedIf 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；“ that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedurebe followed through

30、 to the end. 為 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， ”做 said 的賓語；在該賓語從句“ that itwas important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. 中， it 為形式主語，“ that the procedure be followed through to the end 為 ” that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，是該賓語從句真正的主語。6. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number o

31、f teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分 析 ： 本 句 的 主 句 為 “ What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subj

32、ects " ;" What Milgram was trying to disctoveWVhat 弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句；"who wouldbe willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moralrevulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment. 為定語從句，做tea” cher-subjects 的定語，關(guān)系詞為who。7. Prior to carr

33、ying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析：本句的主句為“ Milgram explained his ide

34、a to a group of 39 psychiatrists and askedthem to p redict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population.” ; “out the experiment 為時間狀語， ”prior to 相當于 before; “ who would be willing to administer thehighest shock level of 450 volts. 為定語從句，” 做 an ordinary population 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為who。8. The ov

35、erwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.(僉U 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句為 "Theoverwhelming consensus was that ""thatvirtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimen ter 為表語從句，做 ”was 的表語。9. The psychiatri

36、sts felt that mostsubjects would go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句為并列句，“ The psychiatrists felt that most subjecgtos bweoyuoldnd 150 volts' ”和 “they further anticipated that only four percent would

37、 go up to 300 volts 并列, 由 and'連接； 其中"that 'most subjects would go beyond 150 volts'that 弓導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做 felt 的賓語， 而 “ that only four percent would go up to 300 volts 也為tha”t 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做anticipated 的賓語。10. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, kno

38、wledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 'teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life? 5, Test 1 passage 2分析： 本句主句為 "How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy betweenand-“ whatcalm, rational, knowledgeabl

39、e people predict in the comfort of their study 和” “ what pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers' acltaubaollyradtooryinotfhreeal life 均為wh”at引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。11. One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by

40、 the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. (劍 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析： 本句的主句為"One'first inclination might be to "；"toargue that there must be

41、some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. 為不定式做表語，做” be 的表語；在此表語中 “ thatthere must be so

42、me sort of built-in animal aggression instinct 和 ” “ thatMilgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock 并列，皆為th”at 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做argue 的賓語；1. As audiences grew, so did the places where filmswere

43、shown, finishingup with thegreatPrior to carryi?;“that was activated by the experiment為定語從句，“做 instinct 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為 that。picture palaces of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.(僉U 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析：本

44、句的主句為倒裝句 "so did the places ; "As audiences gaeWI導(dǎo)的時間狀語 從句； “ where films were shown 為定語從句， ”做 places 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為where; “ finishing upwith the 'great picture palaces ' of the社920短語做伴隨狀語；"which rivaled, andoccasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence an

45、d splendour. 為非限制”性定語從句，關(guān)系詞為which 。12. It was above all the French, followed by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. (劍 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析： 本句的主句為"It was above all the

46、 French " ;"followed by the Amercans.分 “詞短語做定語；“ who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention 為非限制性定語 ”從句， 做 French 的定語， 關(guān)系詞為who; “h elping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin Americaand Russia 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語。 ”13. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and

47、the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.(劍 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析：本句主句為強調(diào)句式“ it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead”“ though in the years before the First World War, Italy, De

48、nmark and Russia also played a part 為 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。14. The rest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply.(僉U 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析：本句的主句為“

49、The rest of the world survived ” ; “ because audiences continued to existfor a product 為 because弓I導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；"which corresponded to needs為定語從句， 做product 的定語，關(guān)系詞為which; “ which Hollywood could not supply 為定語從句，做 ” needs的定語，關(guān)系詞為which 。15. As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing aud

50、iences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world. (劍 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析：本句的主句為“ there were also increasing audiences for films ” “, which wereartistically more adventuro us'和 "which dealt with the issues in the

51、 outer world 為并列句, 由 or 連接，都為定語從句做films 的定語，關(guān)系詞都為which.16. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to theMigr s who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.(僉U 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析： 本句中 “They turned their back on the past為主句aleaving the

52、 style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the e migr 合砌!在分詞短語做狀語；"whcfled westwards to escape theRevolution.為定語從句，做 the migr s的定語，關(guān)系詞為 who。17. Taree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced Agristudy wh, ich enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixtu

53、re of student learning guides, telephone tuorials, information sessions and workshops. (劍 4, General Training Test B section2)分析：本句主句為“ Tareeoffers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced Agristudy ”, “ which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture ofstu

54、dent learning guides, telephone tuorials, information sessions and workshops 為定語從句，做”'Agristudy的定語，關(guān)系詞為 which。18. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from his work that most of today ' s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives. 4, General Traini

55、ng Test B section3)分析：本句為并列句，“ For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize ”和 "it is from his work that most of today' s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives ”列， 由 and 連接， 并且 “ it is from his work that most of today s knowledge of what bees say to eachother d

56、erives為強調(diào)句式；"what bees say to each others what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做 of的賓語。19. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be

57、eagerly taking the syrup. (劍 4, General Training Test B section3)分析： 本句的主句為“n Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that”;“ that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to fi nd it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other be

58、es would be eagerly taking the syrup 為 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做knew 的賓語；句子“ if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, beesmight at first take some time to find it 和句子 “ onc”e they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup 并列，由but 連接；句子”“ if he put out a bowl ofswe

59、et sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it 中的 “ if he put out a b” owl of sweet sugar syrup 為 ”if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；句子“ once they had done so, wihtin the hour, hundredsof other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup 中的 "once they had done s訥 once 弓I導(dǎo)的時間 狀語從句。20. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circle, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her.(僉U 4, General Training Test B section3 )分析： 本句主句為"a returning scout scampered in circle ” ; aalternating to right 和d le