中考英語時態(tài)復習(1-14)學習啊

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。學英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學生說：“難死了”。為什么有好多學生對英語的學習都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個：“不得法。” 英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會如此流利？那是因為你置身于一個漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準說起英語來會非常流利。但很多中學生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設置一個英語環(huán)境，堅持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績肯定會很出色。 一、多“說”。 自己多創(chuàng)造機會與英語教師多講英語，見了同學，尤其是和好朋友在一起時盡量用英語去問候，談心情這時候你需隨身攜帶一個英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時查一下這

2、些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個單詞自然而然就會記住。千萬別把學英語當成負擔，始終把它當成一件有趣的事情去做。 或許你有機會碰上外國人，你應大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風景、談學校只是別問及他的年紀，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因為他和你交談時會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準確，準能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達自己的思想。 如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對象，對它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長此堅持下去你的口語肯定

3、會有較大的提高。 二、多“聽” 尋找一切可以聽英語的機會。別人用英語交談時，你應該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應該接觸到，如果這樣的機會少的話，你可以選擇你不知內容的文章去聽，這將會對你幫助很大，而你去聽學過的課文的磁帶，那將會對你的語言語調的學習有很大的幫助。 三、多“讀”。 “讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時間的練習將會對你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因為現在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關系，所以經過高中三年閱讀的訓練后，你必定會在高考中勝券在握。

4、 另一種是“朗讀”這是學語言必不可少的一種學習途徑。 四、多“寫” 有的同學總是抱怨時間緊，根本沒時間寫作文。其實“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當天學了某一個詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設一個語境恰如其份地用上這個詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學“wish”一詞時，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm dif

5、ferent .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。 學習英語不用花大塊的時間，10分鐘的散步可以練"說",吃完飯后可以讀一會兒英語小說，睡前聽幾分鐘英語，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些時間來練英語，你的英語成績肯定會很快提高的。 背英語單詞技巧 1、循環(huán)記憶法 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線 人的大腦是一個記憶的寶庫，人腦經歷過的事物，思考過的問題

6、，體驗過的情感和情緒，練習過的動作，都可以成為人們記憶的內容。例如英文的學習中單詞、短語和句子，甚至文章的內容都是通過記憶完成的。從"記"到"憶"是有個過程的，這其中包括了識記、保持、再認和回憶。有很多 人在學習英語的過程中，只注重了學習當時的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學習的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當時的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認同樣是達不到良好的效果的。 在信息的處理上，記憶是對輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取的過程，從信息處理的角度上，英文的第一次學習和背誦只是一個輸入編碼的過程。人的記憶的能力從生理上講是十分驚人的，它可以存貯101

7、5比特(byte，字節(jié))的信息，可是每個人的記憶寶庫被挖掘的只占10%，還有更多的記憶發(fā)揮空間。這是因為，有些人只關注了記憶的當時效果，卻忽視了記憶中的更大的問題-即記憶的牢固度問題，那就牽涉到心理學中常說的關于記憶遺忘的規(guī)律。 一、艾賓浩斯記憶規(guī)律曲線解釋 德國有一位著名的心理學家名叫艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年發(fā)表了他的實驗報告后，記憶研究就成了心理學中被研究最多的領域之一，而艾賓浩斯正是發(fā)現記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。 根據我們所知道的，記憶的保持在時間上是不同的，有短時的記憶和長時的記憶兩種。而我們平時的記憶的過程是這樣的： 輸入的信息

8、在經過人的注意過程的學習后，便成為了人的短時的記憶，但是如果不經過及時的復習，這些記住過的東西就會遺忘，而經過了及時的復習，這些短時的記憶就會成為了人的一種長時的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長的時間。那么，對于我們來講，怎樣才叫做遺忘呢，所謂遺忘就是我們對于曾經記憶過的東西不能再認起來，也不能回憶起來，或者是錯誤的再認和錯誤的回憶，這些都是遺忘。艾賓浩斯在做這個實驗的時候是拿自己作為測試對象的，他得出了一些關于記憶的結論。他選用了一些根本沒有意義的音節(jié)，也就是那些不能拼出單詞來的眾多字母的組合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他經過對自己的測試，得到了一些數據。 然后，

9、艾賓浩斯又根據了這些點描繪出了一條曲線，這就是非常有名的揭示遺忘規(guī)律的曲線：艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，圖中豎軸表示學習中記住的知識數量，橫軸表示時間(天數)，曲線表示記憶量變化的規(guī)律。 這條曲線告訴人們在學習中的遺忘是有規(guī)律的，遺忘的進程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丟掉幾個，轉天又丟幾個的，而是在記憶的最初階段遺忘的速度很快，后來就逐漸減慢了，到了相當長的時候后，幾乎就不再遺忘了，這就是遺忘的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即"先快后慢"的原則。觀察這條遺忘曲線，你會發(fā)現,學得的知識在一天后，如不抓緊復習,就只剩下原來的25%)。隨著時間的推移,遺忘的速度減慢，遺忘的數量也就減少。有人做過一個實驗，兩組學

10、生學習一段課文，甲組在學習后不久進行一次復習，乙組不予復習，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。乙組的遺忘平均值比甲組高。 二、不同性質材料有不同的遺忘曲線 而且，艾賓浩斯還在關于記憶的實驗中發(fā)現，記住12個無意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復16.5次；為了記住36個無意義章節(jié)，需重復54次；而記憶六首詩中的480個音節(jié)，平均只需要重復8次！這個實驗告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死記硬背，那也是費力不討好的。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無意義的材料在記憶的時候比較費力氣，在以后回憶起來的時候也很不輕松。因此，艾賓

11、浩斯遺忘曲線是關于遺忘的一種曲線，而且是對無意義的音節(jié)而言，對于與其他材料的對比，艾賓浩斯又得出了不同性質材料的不同遺忘曲線，不過他們大體上都是一致的。 因此，艾賓浩斯的實驗向我們充分證實了一個道理，學習要勤于復習，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線-個性化的艾賓浩斯 上述的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線是艾賓浩斯在實驗室中經過了大量測試后，產生了不同的記憶數據，從而生成的一種曲線，是一個具有共性的群體規(guī)律。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗個人的個性特點，而是尋求一種處于平衡點的記憶規(guī)律。 但是記憶規(guī)律可以具體到我們每個人，因為我們的生理特點、生活經歷不同，可能導致我們有

12、不同的記憶習慣、記憶方式、記憶特點。規(guī)律對于自然人改造世界的行為，只能起一個催化的作用，如果與每個人的記憶特點相吻合，那么就如順水揚帆，一日千里；如果與個人記憶特點相悖，記憶效果則會大打折扣。因此，我們要根據每個人的不同特點，尋找到屬于自己的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線 2如何學英語 下定決心，堅持不懈 英語學習作為一門語言技能，通過大量的訓練和練習任何人是可以掌握的。一般地說，英語學習的原則是聽、說領先，讀、寫跟上。李揚的瘋狂英語提倡，首先建立起我能學好英語的信心，然后以句子為單位，大量地模仿，瘋狂地操練，大聲地朗讀，最后達到自如地說英語，他的方法對提高說英語的能力很奏效。鐘道隆教授45歲開始學英語，一

13、年后，學成出國當口語翻譯，并創(chuàng)造了逆苦惱、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向學習英語的方法。他還提出學習英語要遵循聽、寫、說、背、想的方法，他的方法強調以聽為主，并且把所聽到的內容全部寫下來。尤其是他的學習精神最可佳，他學習英語用壞了十幾臺錄音機，你可想象他聽了多少英語；用完的圓珠筆芯幾乎裝滿了一個一拉罐，你可想象他寫了多少，在一年半內，累計業(yè)余學習英語時間大約三千小時，也就說每天抽出幾個小時來學英語。如果我們做到他那樣，一定也能學好英語。最重要的是堅持，只要能下定決心，堅持每天至少一個小時的學習英語，戰(zhàn)勝自我最后肯定會有收獲的。 注意方法，循序漸進 決心下定，還注意學習方法，有時根據自己的情況和不同的

14、學習目的，選擇不同的學習方法，但是學習英語一定要踏踏實實地、一步一個腳印地走。要把基礎知識掌握好，也就是說，發(fā)音要正確、基本詞匯要掌握牢、基本句式要熟練、基本語法要會用。 （1）要過好語音關。把每一個音標發(fā)正確，注意改正有問題的音素，特別是那些容易混淆的音素，盡早地掌握國際音標，并盡量的掌握一些讀音規(guī)則，盡快地能利用讀音規(guī)則來拼單詞，掌握讀音規(guī)則對單詞的記憶和拼寫非常有用。 （2）掌握一定數量的英語單詞。對于學習者來說掌握英語詞匯是一難關，學習單詞要從單詞的形、音、義這三方面去掌握，要注意單詞的一詞多義，一詞多類的用法，要學會一些構詞法的知識，來擴展詞匯量。學習單詞要在語言材料中去學，要結合詞

15、組，通過句子，閱讀文章來活記單詞，死記的單詞是記不牢的。堅持在讀、說前，先反復聽，聽的時候反應單詞、句子的意思和節(jié)奏，想一下單詞的拼法、句子結構。并要同學習語法規(guī)則有機結合起來進行。 （3）掌握好基本語法。語法在學習英語中也很重要，它能幫助我們把握住英語的基本規(guī)律，通過例句或語言現象把死的語法規(guī)則要記住，活的規(guī)則要通過做大量的練習掌握?？傊畬W習英語要通過聽、說、讀、寫、譯來進行操練，不但要注意數量，更重要的是要注意質量，尤其是基本知識要掌握的準確，熟練。只有經過大量的實踐，才能做到熟能生巧，運用自如。 提前預習，有的放矢 作為學生，在每次上課前，都要對要學的課文提前預習。首先在音標的幫助下試著

16、拼讀單詞，也可以借助配套磁帶反復聽，對比一下，把握不準的要標出來，注意上課老師的發(fā)音，還要記一下單詞的漢語意思和詞性。借助課文的注釋或輔導材料，預習一遍課文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有數，在教師講課時注意聽這些地方?？傊?，預習的目的是熟悉要學的內容，找出不明白的地方，帶著問題聽課，做到有的放矢。 認真聽課，積極配合 課堂是老師與學生一起學習、掌握、運用知識的主要場所。作為起主導作用的老師一方引導學生搞好課堂教學是很必要的，但也需要學習者的積極配合。上課要專心聽講、作好筆記、認真操練、積極思考。預習時出現的問題在課堂上教師沒有講到的，要向老師提出，把問題搞清楚，老師講授的問題，先注意聽，下課后

17、整理一下筆記，反復思考一下這些問題，抓住老師所講的重點，難點和考點。總之，上課時要做到耳聽、眼觀、嘴動、腦想，調動起多個感官來。 完成作業(yè)，找出問題 學完每一課，要認真完成課后作業(yè)。做作業(yè)時一定不要看參考書上題的答案，做完后再對答案，對于作業(yè)中所出現的不明白的問題，應該記下來，等下次上課時提出來。做作業(yè)是英語學習的很重要的環(huán)節(jié)，它是消化知識和鞏固知識的過程，一定要認真完成規(guī)定的作業(yè)，筆頭作業(yè)要動一動筆，口頭作業(yè)要動一動嘴，提高聽力要練一練耳，課文在聽和讀的基礎上，最好背誦某些精彩段落?？傊?，要做大量的練習，英語是練出來的， 一定不要偷懶。 及時復習，鞏固知識 學會了的東西隨著時間的流逝會逐漸遺

18、忘，但學語言有遺忘現象是正常的。更不必因為有遺忘現象而影響自己學好英語的信心與決心。問題在于怎樣來減輕遺忘的程度。善于類比，總結知識，把新學的知識同過去學的有關的知識進行橫向和縱向比較和聯系。建立錯誤檔案記錄，加深印象，以避免再反同樣錯誤。我們大部分知識和技能是靠重復獲得的，及時復習對于記憶非常必要，學英語就是要堅持天天不斷的練，不斷地重復基本句型，常用詞匯和基本語法等。學習英語的過程也是同遺忘做斗爭的過程。 總而言之，只要你能做到下定決心學，注意學習方法，把課前預習，認真聽課，完成作業(yè)，及時復習這些環(huán)節(jié)作好了，你一定能夠學好英語階段復習-時態(tài)(Lesson 1-14, NCE2). 用所給動

19、詞的適當形式填空：1. She _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.3. Both of them _ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. Are you thirsty?

20、No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet? Yes, I _ . I _ (wr

21、ite) one last week. 14. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?15. _ you _ (buy) a dictionary? Yes, I _ . Where _ you _ (buy) it? I _ (buy) it in a bookstore. When _ you _ (buy) it? Yesterday.  . 用since或for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 3. Our

22、 teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 同義句轉換（短暫性動詞轉換延續(xù)性動詞）  arrive at/in, get to/reach, come/go/move to be in/at /on1. He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2. I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _

23、 _.3. I went home yesterday. I _ _ _ home for _ _.4. They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1. He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2. We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1. I became a teacher in 2000. I

24、 _ _ a teacher for _ _.2. The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1. The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2. The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up, die be dead, leave be away from, finish/

25、end be over, marry be married, fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep1. I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _ _.2. He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3. His grandpa died in 2002. His grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4. The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5. I g

26、ot to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ for _ _.6. They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1. I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on

27、 wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1. They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _.2. I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _.3. I got to know him last year. I _ _ him since _ _.4. I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _. join the league (the Party,

28、 the army) be a league member (a Party member, a soldier) / be a member of the league (the Party) be in the league/the Party/the army1. He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2. My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _

29、 _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years. 劃線提問1. I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _ ?2. My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?3. He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _?4. They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?. have been in/ to 與have gone to 1. A: Where _ Li F

30、ei _ ? B: He _ _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.2. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He

31、_ _ there only once.3. Where is Jack? He _ his country.4. How long _ he _ _ this village?5. _ you ever _ _ America? Yes, I _ _there many times. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wa

32、ng has taught in this school _ ten years.4. Have you _ seen the film? No, I have _ seen it. 5. Has the bus left _? Yes, it has _ left.  . 單項選擇1. Mother _ me a new coat yesterday, I _ it on. It fits me well.A. has made, have tried B. made, have tried C. has made, tried D. made, tried2. He _ to d

33、raw horses already. When _he? Last year. A. learned, has B. learned, did C. has learned, has D. has learned, did3. Tom _ up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there!A. has got, is B. has climbed, was C. got, was D. climbed, is4. _you _ the text yet? Yes, we _ it two hours ago. A. Did, copy, did B. Ha

34、ve, copied, have C. Have, copied, did D. Did, copy, had5. Why _ she _ angry? Because he _ at her just now.A. did, get, shouted B. has, got, shouted C. did, get, has shouted D. has, got, has shouted6. _ you _ the film before? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have, seen, did, see B. Did, see, did, watch C. Have,

35、seen, have, seen D. Did, see, have, seen7. You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. Kept, waited B. have kept, waited C. kept, have waited D. have kept, have waited8. Where _John _? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. has, been, has gone B. has, gone, has been C. did, go, went

36、 D. did, be, went9. _ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Has, cried, has stopped B. Is, crying, stopped C. Did, cry, stopped D. Is, crying, has stopped10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knew, have lived B. knew, live C. know, have lived D. know, live11. _ you ever _America ? Yes, I

37、 have.A. Have, gone to B. Have, gone in C. Have, been to D. Have, been in12. My brother _ college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has gone for13. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks.             A. ha

38、s lent    B. has borrowed    C. has bought     D. has had 14. Who _the computer? I want to use it.   Timmy. He _ it for a week.A. borrowed, has borrowed    B. has borrowed, boughtC. has borrowed, has kept    D. boug

39、ht, has borrowed15. Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him.   He _the office.A. has been to    B. has been in   C. has gone to   D. has gone in16. The girl_ to milk since last winter.A. learns     B. learned     

40、 C. has learned      D. would learn17. Do you know the Frenchman?  Yes. I _him for two years.A. know   B. have known  C. knew  D. have been known18. Great changes_ in the city, and a lot of factories_.A. have been taken place, have been set up &

41、#160;   B. have taken place, have been set upC. have taken place, have set up    D. were taken place, were set up 19. Quite a few tall buildings _ the last two years.A. have been put up   B. were put up    C. had put up   D. put up20. I _ all th

42、e words on the black board. May I go home now?A. copy    B. will coup    C. copied   D. have copied21. He _ the Army by the end of 1992. He _ in the army since then.A. joined, is B. has joined, has been C. had joined, is D. had joined, has been22. By the

43、time I _ back they _ up ten metres.A. came, have climbed B. came, had climbed C. come, have climbed D. had come, climbed23. Jack _ over five lessons by seven o'clock. Then he_ a test.A. went, took B. went, had taken C. had gone, took D. had gone, had taken24. We _ out at that time that he _ a th

44、ief for a long time.A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was25. Before the new _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reaches, has got B. reached, had got C. reached, got D. had reached, got26. I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wrote, heard B. wrote, had heard

45、C. had written, heard D. have written, hear27. We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didn't get, had had B. got, had had C. had got, had bad D. got, hadn't had28. They _for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flew, arrived B. had flown, had arrived C. flew, had arrived D. had

46、flown, arrived29. She _ that it _ for two days by that day.A. says, has rained B. says, had rained C. said, had rained D. said, rained30. John _ there since the year before, so he _ them.A. had worked, knew B. had worked, had known C. worked, knew D. worked, had known31. He _ angry because he _ for

47、a long time.A. had got, had waited B. got, waited C. had got, waited D. got, had waited32.  It so happened that they_ the novel before.A. had read     B. would read       C. were reading     D. read33. She_ for nearly tw

48、o hours when I came into the room.A. kept talking     B. kept to talk     C. has kept talking   D. has kept talking34. His father _ for a week when he received the letter.A. died    B. had died    C. has been dead 

49、D. had been dead35. She didn't pass the exams because she_ her lessons well.A. wasn't prepared      B. wasn't been preparedC. hadn't prepared     D. was preparing36. They_ all their money, so they had to walk home.A. spend  B. had spe

50、nt  C. have spent     D. spent37. All the new words _ up in the dictionary yet by the time the class began.A. have looked   B. haven't looked    C. have been looked    D. haven't been looked38. Man-made-satellites_ into space by man

51、y countries by the end of last year.A. was sent up   B. is sent up   C. have been sent up   D. had been sent up39. What did Mr. Jones do before he moved here? He_ a city bus for over 25 years.A. has driven   B. drove   C. drives    D. had driven40. When we got to the theatre the play _ for ten minu