2017年新高考英語專題優(yōu)化講義(六選四專項)--學生版.doc

1、精銳教育哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立2017年新高考英語專題優(yōu)化講義（六選四專項）-學生版.doc精銳教育1v3輔導講義學員編號：年 級：高一課時數(shù)：3學員姓名：輔導科目：英語學科教師：楊燕娜授課類型C （六選四概述 及文章結(jié)構(gòu) 分析）C （六選四技巧訓 練）T能力提升授課日 期及時段2018 年 1 月 6 日 17:30-19:30教學內(nèi)容#與精銳教育片布觸育4一考姓一、六選四考察要求概述選句填空"（俗稱"六選四"）是2017年上海高考英 語試卷中啟用的題型。根據(jù)題目要求，學生需從所給的 六個選項中選取四個填入文中的空格處，使文章從內(nèi) 容、語言、結(jié)構(gòu)上都符合邏輯?？忌趥?/p>

2、考這一部分時： 需意識到以下幾點：1 .雖然每一小題都要求選擇正確的句子填入文中， 但在文中不同的地方挖空，考查的能力要求也會有所不 同。如果空格處需填入主題句，考查的是對文本或段落 的概括能力，如果空格處需填入能使上下文敘述連貫的 細節(jié)，考查的則是對文章基本內(nèi)容的理解能力。因此， 針對不同的空格，考生需要調(diào)整自己的思維方式， 選擇 合適的策略；2 .雖然本部分屬于閱讀理解這一大題，同樣也考查 考生的閱讀理解能力，但是要注意這一題型與閱讀選擇 題的差異。選擇題通過題干告訴考生考點在哪里，考查 目標是什么，考生就可以據(jù)此選擇合適的策略來答題， 而“選句填空"則要求考生在理解文章內(nèi)容和行

3、文邏輯 的基礎上，自行判斷空格處需填入句子的功能， 再進一 步選擇合適的策略來答題?；谝陨戏治?，建議考生在#完成“選句填空”這一部分時，可以采用以下步驟： 1.通讀全初乳第胞般好理解包括文章的主題、 寫作的目的、每一段的大意等；2.閱讀空格所在段落, 尤其曉堆梅旬所曖整嚼轆礪搏容休新叫輛點:瓶是有根據(jù)施好包假慝殿栩鯉嬸:隈旬去蹲曦褊都是3S獺句打所給的喬.個卬可處林中尊的篋詢文食旃榔陰口二是#句子；.忸碑幽填內(nèi)鐘于顧銘羲.摩癬獺植南泉容供禮效果, 語言、結(jié)和由鼎否符合邏輯（二）主題句的位置根據(jù)表達需要，英語主題句的位置是靈活多變的。般來講，主題句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段、英語斗道題句

4、常出現(xiàn)的位置0WEngIKh心思想器表料編幫% s僦來都個探求彳F中心喝就tor，耦而匚口的苴Fstan(iaroodbve,明、支持湘荒底這廠主鴨的。唐映挈個目落中心思想. 一 .is both too formal ana toolTnaL It may be Topic Sentence! o主題句是全 、someone out ot your nfe altoj金1卻勺發(fā)展方向。窄只nbetter or worse-are temporary核心,arv.%麓(機前most Teave-taKings-io rt the jobaffairs, perhaps in an attemp

5、t to escape implications of finality, many people now say (Bye bye* instead; othersm o a +k；? no r'f voii Hi r11 «r n n in/r h：+ nf精銳哈解北大精英創(chuàng)立提示在本段中要闡述的觀點，而不是整篇文章中要說明 的問題。在語言結(jié)構(gòu)上，主題句往往包括一個中心主 題和一個需要在段落中加以發(fā)展的核心部分。中心主題指出本段講的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分則指出本 段側(cè)重該人物或該物的某個或某些方面。Praise is likesunlight to the huma

6、n spirit. 這句的 中心 主題是 praise（贊揚），其段落將圍繞著”對人的精神來說.praise （贊揚）就像陽光一樣"這個思路發(fā)展。離開了這個思想， 就將意味著偏離主題。一個好的主題句，要立論嚴謹、 清晰明了、合乎邏輯；要全局在胸，內(nèi)容具體，簡明扼baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye".2、段中主題句。主題句位于段落中間，這種情況 相對較少。Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a

7、Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction_of_the_nation_to_his_death_was almost unbelievable_and demonstrated_the deep esteem in which he was held Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of theirm精銳教育哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立process

8、ion in body was taken in spring field,prepared sermons. His funeralWashington was miles long Lincoin's by train back to his former homeIllinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns

9、through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects.3、段尾主題句。主題句放在段落末尾，目的是總 結(jié)、概括前面展開闡述的問題，以加深印象，供托效果。When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is no

10、t shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him as retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future requires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception_is th

11、us a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as well as the present4、段首段尾主題句。主題句在段首和段尾同時出7©能現(xiàn)。目的是強調(diào)這一主題，用以引起讀者的注意，加深 印象。Good manners are important in all countries, butways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks Japanese eat

12、with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true.But in any country, the only manners that are important are t

13、hose involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others andpolitelybad manners not to. It is only way of behavin that differs from country to country.5、有時，整個段落并沒有代表段落中心思想的主 題句，段落主題包含在句子的字里行間這就需要讀者 在認真仔細閱讀的基礎上進行歸納和總結(jié)。例如

14、：In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. Too, machines will do most精銳、皂/哈福北大精英創(chuàng)立of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore,you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in

15、 more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and cheaper.通過閱讀，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)整個段落的每一句，圍繞主 題從不同方面說明1999年人們的日常生活工作將與今 天有所不同。所以本段的主題句可以歸納為：Life in1999 will be different from what it is today.綜上所述，英語段落主題句的位置，常見的有以上 四種。其中，段首、段尾主題句尤為常見。主題句無 論 在什么位置，它都是該段落的核心部分，反映該段的中心思想。其余各句必須緊扣主題，圍繞著這一中心思想 來展開。9精銳

16、教育哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立、例題講解(一)記敘文選自2017屆普陀區(qū)二模A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife ' kip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked

17、diligently all her life.E. " Payme whenever you like,said Effie,she saiclimbing back into her truck.“Any apples today?F. " Don' t give it to me all at once,Effie asked cheerfully at mywindow. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo.On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in

18、the world I lacked just then. (1) 11精銳方施iF哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)All pretense （借口）of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. （2）Effie was not a rich woman. Her income,

19、 derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She

20、 was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year." Here, darliisaid, “is what I owe you. " （3）"Give it bacgave it to you- a little at a time. " I think sheeli there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie,

21、for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financialii精銳教育毒"哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立#trouble, I was moved to help him. I cant affordto(this always, but in the ten years since Effie &

22、#39;death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.At that time, it seemed that my debt's love will go on in hearts thatwould forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie have never known her.B.（選自2017建平中學期中考試卷）難度系數(shù)：中A.B.C.D.E.Long car journeys are even less pleasan

23、tDuring the day, sleep comes in snatchesBut nothing can match them for speed and comfortYou will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledYou will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer fo

24、r similar flights.通精銳方施i,哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm

25、 of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep.1. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost exhausted when reaching the destination." 2, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly s

26、afely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numerous civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good foodparticularly when the sea is calm. If

27、it is not,you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.15播精銳夕哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimid

28、ated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.3. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets

29、 you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you c

30、an enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smooththat there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain:“4. ”

31、 You will never havespend the next the few days recovering from a long andarduous journey.六選四做題技巧指導1 .利用詞匯復現(xiàn)或同義詞解題重復詞匯是指關鍵詞以同一形式或不同的詞性在文 章中反復出現(xiàn)，達到緊扣主題的目的。找到含有與關 鍵詞相同或最接近的單詞的選項，然后再來驗證句意 內(nèi)容是否通順。從而達到快而準的效果。一般來說， 上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關系越緊 密。例 1: People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars

32、in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. 67A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. H owever, every year conflicts between c

33、ountries and nations still claim thousands of lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in,but there will17播精銳方施iF哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)be oceans of time in which to learn better.F.People don 'fig ht and kill each other in

34、the streets, but nations still behave like savages.例 2: You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 5 If he chooses the cheaperbrand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.A. Wise decisions.B. The value ofmoney.C. Per

35、mit the child to choose between them.D. Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to YOUF.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is wh

36、en he shows.例 3: Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that#精銳哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns hair and makeup has a positive effect on patients, with beauty regimes being bright spots in what can be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies.2

37、A. Feeling good about oneself played a very big role in a patient ' s recovery.B. Hospitals are forming partnerships with local salons to serve their patients.C. Three more centers are scheduled to open in the United States by the end of this year.D. Because of these perceived benefits, programs

38、 focused on cosmetic solutions are spreading.E.The nationwide program has volunteer hairstylists, cosmetologists, wigmakers, etc., who make periodic appearances.In this small, out-of-the-way room, cosmetologists specialize in assisting cancer patients who lose their hair, experience changes to their

39、 skin or have breasts surgically removed.2.利用邏輯詞解題邏輯詞的運用在說明文和議論文中是十分常見，無論 是在完形填空還是六選四中都可以加以利用。利用前 一句話或后一句話中的邏輯詞來判斷所需要填入的 句子內(nèi)容與前后句內(nèi)容的關系，從而在選項中找到符 合此關系的內(nèi)容，使得文章邏輯合理，內(nèi)容流暢。表并歹U : and; also; first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for o

40、ne thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude; either or neither nor ；not only but also表遞進：further, furthermore; moreover; what' smore; in addition表因果：so; therefore; thus; hence; accordingly;consequently; as a result表轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步：however; nevertheless; though; yet; in spite of; despite; on the

41、 contrary; otherwise; while; rather than; even if/though; fortunately例 1: Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow- worker and accomplice.2 But if you open your mind as widely aspossible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible（細微的）fineness, from the twist and turn of the

42、#精銳哈拂北大精英創(chuàng)立first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.C. How can we get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?F. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you

43、 read.例 2: A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that your friend was a musician . 67 Self-employment,contract or freelance work, temporary jobs- just about anything that isn't full-time - can be described as a gig.B. These temporary workers c

44、annot be categorized into gig workers.C. But the phrase has now evolved to describe different methods of short-term work.D. Most of the gig workers treasure the golden opportunity and regard it as a lifetime job.21m精銳哈伊北大精英創(chuàng)立3.利用細節(jié)句與主題句的區(qū)別解題這一技巧需要與空所在位置結(jié)合起來分析。主題句通 常在段首，總結(jié)句通常在段尾，相當于再次點題。這 兩個位置多是需要概括性

45、強的語句一一主題句。而在段中通常是補充說明內(nèi)容和議論過程，通常是需要含有內(nèi)容的語句一一細節(jié)句。先判斷空的位置，然后在 選項中篩選細節(jié)句與主題句。例 1: Self Expression5There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting,drawing building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than anotherC. We can give kids chances to think about mat

46、erials in new ways.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.例 2: Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes up a person ' s attitude and outlook towards life.67 But w

47、hen self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and- be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks- and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.A. Simply put, self-esteem is the fuel that makes you feel important or loved by others.#to精銳教育 肉草逑哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)上E. When you

48、r self-esteem is high, you are less likely to be affected by these situations.例 3: Until now, predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was somewhat of a mystery, yet researchers from New York claim to have created an algorithm （算法）to do just that. By analyzing the words used in classic books, the

49、algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers, and which were less successful, in 84 percent of cases.67E. Overall, they found that successful books contained a high number of nouns and adjectives and plenty of quotes.F. The most popular books also featured more verbs relating

50、 to“thoughtprocessing " such asrecognized and remembered .4.利用代詞指代關系解題英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、 指示代詞、關系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞 等等。當一個句子中出現(xiàn)這樣的代詞就意味著在其上下 問中需要把這層指代關系交代清楚，因此我們可以通過23語境中內(nèi)容（或代詞）和選項中代詞（或內(nèi)容）的呼應 關系來解題。例子（1）: It doesn' tmatter which productivity bird represents your work style. （70）It depend

51、s on your environment and energy levels. Do you have the drive to get up early or stay up late? While others are dreaming, make your dreams real.B. Many believe being night owls is better.E. They both can work.例子（2） You have the same amount of time each day as everyone else. If you want to reach you

52、r goals and dreams you have to be willing to pay the price.（67）Sometimes it is your time. Sometimes it is money. And sometimes it is sleep. One of the best times25to get ahead and bein the zoneis whenis sleeping. Get up early. Or stay up late. Those are your choices.C. Not watching mindless TV or en

53、dlessly surfing the Net.D. That sacrifice often involves giving up something.6精銳教育哈僻北大精英創(chuàng)立ct for例子（3） For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of entrepreneurship because that's all that

54、 was available.（69）.However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy with their new roles with the hourly pay may

55、be better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work- hour flexibility that ' s pe their family or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.DsTthey）屈aeQchnomy ermvnend. hiring would return B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized in

56、to gig workers.5.利用句子中心實詞解題句子中心實詞是指在一個句子表達中需要占據(jù)句子主干或者中心意思的一類實詞。 和代詞一樣，當一個精銳教育哈佛北大精英創(chuàng)立句子中出現(xiàn)了表達某一特點概念的中心實詞時， 該句上 下文就應該圍繞這樣的中心來展開，也就是說正確選項 中不能呈現(xiàn)上下文沒有交代的一個中心實詞，因此我們 可以利用這一現(xiàn)象來幫助我們找到正常選項或者排除錯誤選項。ys Moi例子（1） （68）Ask yourself what problem the audience wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. "

57、;Thenand only then, talk about what you are good at as the solution to that problem," s“ Audiencesstart off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then they ' ask how. Your job is to answer the why question first and then address the how.”A. Be

58、 relevant to your audienceC. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else.例子（2） It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. 68 People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be a