五種基本句型含練習(xí)及答案

1、-可編輯修改-五種根本句型句子是由主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等組成的.英語句子有長(zhǎng)有短,有簡(jiǎn)有繁,似乎千變?nèi)f化,難以捉摸,但其實(shí)只有五種根本句型.所有英語句子都可以看成是這五種根本句型的擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝.因此掌握這五大句型,是掌握其他各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的根底.英語句子依其組合方式可分為以下五種根本句型,句子成分的表示法為：S： Subject 主語,V: Verb動(dòng)詞,0: Object 賓語,10 : In direct Object 間接賓語,DO: Direct Object 直接賓語,P： Predicative表語,OC : Object Complement賓語補(bǔ)足

2、語.五種根本句型見下表 S =主,V =謂,O =賓,P =表,IO =間賓,DO =直賓,OC =賓補(bǔ)例句種類 句型第1種S+V第2種S+V+O第3種S+V+P第 4 種 S+V+IO+DO第 5 種 S+V+O+OCWe work.不及物He plays 及物the piano.We are系動(dòng)詞students.She gave 及物me a pen.He made 及物the boy laugh.一、第1種句型：S+V 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞1、Birds fly.鳥飛.主語+謂語不及物動(dòng)詞2、 He runs in the park. 他在公園里跑.主語+謂語 +地點(diǎn)狀語不及物動(dòng)詞此句型是

3、“主語+不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成句子的主體局部.由于是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面當(dāng)然不能帶賓語了,但是 可以有狀語來修飾.例如上面例句中的in the park 就是地點(diǎn)狀語.3、 Class begins. begin 在句中是不及物動(dòng)詞上課了.比擬：We begin our class at eight.我們八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課.該句那么屬于第2種句型,begin在句中是及物動(dòng)詞,由此可見有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞也可以作不及物 動(dòng)詞.只能當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞的詞必背?。簊leep 睡覺 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen take place 發(fā)生 go 去come 來 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay 呆

4、在arrive 至U達(dá)二、第2種句型：S+V+O 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語My father read the book. 我父親讀過那本書.主語 謂語及物動(dòng)詞賓語注意：有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞就可把它看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,后面就可以加賓語了.如：4、 You must listen to me.你必須聽我的.Listen是不及物動(dòng)詞.但加上 to之后,listen to 可以看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞.可以帶賓語的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,可以充當(dāng)賓語的有名詞和名詞的相當(dāng)語如代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞及賓語從 句.如：5、 She likes English.她喜歡英語.名詞作賓語6、 丨know him very wel

5、l.我非常了解他.代詞作賓語同第一種句型一樣,本句型可以有狀語、定語修飾7、 They want to go.他們想走.不定式作賓語8、 He stoppedwrit in g. 他停下筆.動(dòng)名詞作賓語9、 The teacher advised that we learn English well.老師建議我們學(xué)好英語.賓語從句三、第3種句型：S+V+P 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語10、He becamea scientist. 他成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家了.主語 謂語系動(dòng)詞表語be動(dòng)詞和become是英語中常見的系動(dòng)詞,后面必須接表語,才能用來說明主語,表示“是“變成等意思. 表語通常是名詞或形容詞等.11

6、、They are ho nest.他們是老實(shí)的.12、He became a scientist. 他成為了一個(gè)科學(xué)家.13、His face goes red.他的臉變紅了.14、It grew dark.天變黑了.注意：在英語中,除了 be動(dòng)詞和become屬于系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變 化時(shí)也可以作系動(dòng)詞.這些詞有：keep保持,look看起來, feel覺得, smel I聞起來,sou nd 聽起來,taste嘗起來, grow/get/go/tur n變得rema in 仍然是四、第4種句型：S+V+IO+DO 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語15、

7、He gave Toma present. 他給了湯姆一件禮物.主謂及物賓澗接賓直接16、Give it to me.把它給我.謂及物賓直接賓澗接參1、及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí),后面要跟賓語,賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象見第2種句型.但有些動(dòng)詞,除了直接賓語外,還要求一個(gè)間接賓語,這個(gè)間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作所涉及的人或物,也可以說是間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的,或是為誰做的,所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞 擔(dān)當(dāng).17、 Wesentthem a telegram. 我們給他們打了個(gè)電報(bào).主 謂 賓間接賓直接必背！常帶雙賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的動(dòng)詞分為A、B兩類：A :動(dòng)詞后加

8、to:give 給 show 給看 send 寄,打電扌報(bào)bring 帶 read 讀pass遞給lend借給leave留給hand交給tell告訴return 把還給write 給寫信B:動(dòng)詞后加for:buy給/為某人買draw 替/給某人畫make為某人制作【秘訣】“七給“一帶to不少,“買“畫“制作for來了.【說明】常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞“七給give, ha nd , lend, pass, show, send, write 和“一帶 bri ng8 個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語前置時(shí),必須在后面加上to.即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb. .buy , draw , make三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在

9、直接賓語前置時(shí),那么必須在后面加for,構(gòu)成“ vt.+sth.+for+sb. 句型.關(guān)于是否接to或者接for,一般都是語言習(xí)慣用法的問題,英文中習(xí)慣怎么用,就應(yīng)該怎樣來用,沒有什么道理可講.另外關(guān)于to, for區(qū)分的根本原那么：to 表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人而做,for 表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做,如：Read the first paragraph to me.用to表示讀的動(dòng)作是對(duì)我而做的.本句的意思是：把第一段讀給我聽.五、第5種句型：S+V+O+OC主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語在此句型中的動(dòng)詞,叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞,在英語中,這樣的動(dòng)詞也不多.后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是說明賓語的情況的,賓語

10、和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起被稱做復(fù)合賓語.這個(gè)句式是英語中比擬復(fù)雜的一個(gè)句式,由于 復(fù)合賓語的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容較多.下面句子中劃線局部為賓語補(bǔ)足語.1. He found his new jobboring.形容詞做賓補(bǔ)2. The called their daughter Mary.名詞做賓補(bǔ)3. This placed her in a very difficult position.介詞短語做賓補(bǔ)4. We went to her house but found herout.副詞做賓補(bǔ)5. What do you advise me to do ?不定式做賓補(bǔ)6. We thought him to

11、be an honest man. to be 做賓補(bǔ)7. He believed them to have discussed the problem.不定式的完成式做賓補(bǔ) 8. He believed her to be telling the truth.不定式的進(jìn)行式做賓補(bǔ) 9. Did you notice him come in ?不帶 to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)【秘訣】不定式,作賓補(bǔ),以下詞后省去to :一 “感二“聽四“看見外加三個(gè)“小使役,保你永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)記住.【說明】“一感指 feel.“二聽指 hear, listen to.“四看見指 notice, observe, see, w

12、atch .三個(gè)“小使役指have, let, make三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞.在這些動(dòng)詞后有不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式的符號(hào)to往往要省去.10. I saw her chatting with Nancy.現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)11. He watched the pianocarried upstairs. 過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)注意：在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,可以出現(xiàn)用it做形式上的賓語,把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面.在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語常常是動(dòng)詞不定式或賓語從句.1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析：it是形式賓語,his duty 是賓語補(bǔ)足語,to mentio

13、n this to her是真正的賓語.2.1 think it best that you should stay with us.分析：it是形式賓語,best是賓語補(bǔ)足語,that you should stay with us是真正的賓語.注意：1. 習(xí)慣用語的使用在英語中,有很多動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用語,在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,要注意它們的使用,不必分析單獨(dú)每個(gè)詞的使用.例：We are short of money. be short of中 short 做表語She is always making trouble for her friends. trouble做 make 的賓語He has c

14、arried out our in structi ons to the letter. our in struct ions做詞組 carry out 的賓語We are waiting for the rain to stop. wait for后面的 the rain 是賓語,to stop 是賓語補(bǔ)足語2. 在英語中,大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以做及物動(dòng)詞又可以做不及物動(dòng)詞,而且還會(huì)有一些固定詞組,因此一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 可以用于幾種句型.例：ask : Did you ask the price ？直接接名詞做賓語 She asked them their names.接雙賓語 I asked James

15、 to buy some bread.接賓語加不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語 I asked to speak to Fred.接不定式做賓語 Did n't you ask him in ？在此句中和副詞 in連用 He has asked for an in terview with the Preside nt.組成固定詞組 ask for3. There be 句型是一種特殊的句子,真正的主語在后面,含義為“有 謂語動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room. 有兩個(gè)或更多的主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致：There are

16、 two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主語的后面有時(shí)有修飾語： There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done.此處也可以使用to do. 謂語動(dòng)詞be可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化：There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little cha nge in him. 謂語也可以有不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語.There used to be a cin ema here.There seems to

17、 be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity toni ght? there be句式變疑問句,把 be提前；變反義疑問句也要借助 there.Is there any hope of gett ing the job?There is nothing wrong with your watch, is there? there be 句型中也可以使用諸如：live, follow , come , stand , sit, exist等不及物動(dòng)詞：Once upon a time, there live

18、d a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there sta nds an old temple. 用于非謂語的情況下,有時(shí)用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) there to be 或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) therebeing:You would n't want there to be ano ther war.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework

19、.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) There being nothing else to do , we went home.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 穩(wěn)固性練習(xí):請(qǐng)判斷以下句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型1. He is running.2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3. The little boy is ask ing the teacher all kinds of questi ons.4. She seemed angry.5. My father bought me a beautiful prese nt.6. Why do you keep you

20、r eyes closed?7. Will you tell us an excit ing story?8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clea n.9. I heard the baby crying in the sitt ing room.10. Can you push the win dow ope n?根本句型一一 :主+系+表1. 當(dāng)時(shí)他看起來不快樂.2. 我喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳和滑冰.3. 我擅長(zhǎng)英語.4. 收到你的來信我很快樂.5. 在公路對(duì)面有一棟新教學(xué)樓.6. 圖書館里有各種各樣的書籍、報(bào)紙和雜志.7. 那是在2000年2月8日

21、早上7:15.8. 天變得越來越黑.9. 這食物吃起來挺可口的.10. 這故事聽起來很有趣.根本句型二：主+謂不及物動(dòng)詞1. 1984年至1990年我在光明小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí).2. 今天上午,我們?cè)谛ｉT口會(huì)面然后一起去那里.3. 時(shí)間很快過去了.4. 這幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.5. 小車沒有停而是快速的開走了.6. 在過去的 10 年間它的經(jīng)濟(jì)開展迅速.7. 那個(gè)年輕人重重地摔倒在地.8. 過去他早上習(xí)慣于早起. 根本句型三 : 主+謂及物+ 賓1. 去年在學(xué)校電腦競(jìng)賽中我獲得了一等獎(jiǎng).2. 在業(yè)余時(shí)間我喜歡聽流行音樂和收集郵票.3. 幾天前我和我兄弟騎自行車去看電影.4. 我們也在校園內(nèi)和周圍種

22、上了許多樹.5. 晚上時(shí),我可以看電視新聞或看報(bào)紙.6. 在回家的路上他把錢給丟了.7. 昨晚大約九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,我正在做作業(yè).8. 才藝展示 Talent Show 將于 6 月 18 日在北京電視臺(tái)舉行.9. 下午,我將帶你們轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn),看一看一些名勝.10. 盼望能盡早見到你. 根本句型四: 主+謂及物+雙賓間賓 +直賓1. 去年王老師教我們英語.2. 明天我要給他寫封信,告訴他這個(gè)好消息.3. 他們給他提供了一份工作,但他拒絕了.4. 在我 14 歲生日時(shí),爸爸給我買了一輛新自行車.5. 昨晚我花了兩小時(shí)才完成作業(yè).6. 對(duì)不起,能問你一個(gè)問題嗎？根本句型五 : 主+謂及物+ 復(fù)合賓語賓 +賓補(bǔ)

23、1. 當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那些孩子在河邊玩.2. 我們正在使我們的國(guó)家變得越來越美麗.3. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊沒有人.4. 昨天下午在公交車上我的錢包讓人給偷了.5. 我注意到凱特整個(gè)早上都在圖書館里看書.6. 父親叫我給他帶些報(bào)紙來. 根本句型譯綜合練習(xí)：1. 那噪音太響,我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí).2. 得知你 9 月份要來我很快樂.3. 人們需要一個(gè)可以休息和玩樂的地方.4. 當(dāng)那個(gè)人在過馬路時(shí),小車撞了他.5. 我已容許明天下午 3：30 到機(jī)場(chǎng)接他.6. 聽了我說的話,我的鄰居向我抱歉并馬上把電視音量關(guān)小.7. 他是一個(gè)很有學(xué)問的人我們都很欣賞他.8. 在過去,人們主要通過寫信、打公共 來彼此保持

24、聯(lián)系.9. 我寧愿呆在家里,由于我可以做我想做的,比方：讀書、看電視、幫助父母做家務(wù)10. 我們應(yīng)該把中國(guó)文化和歷史介紹給外國(guó)人,以便他們能更多的了解中國(guó).11. 為了改善北京交通,政府應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)更多人使用公共交通或自行車.-可編輯修改 -12. 以我的觀點(diǎn)來看,測(cè)試作弊是錯(cuò)的,由于它違反了學(xué)校規(guī)章.13. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該老實(shí),盡力通過努力學(xué)習(xí)而不是測(cè)試作弊來獲得好成績(jī)14. 有個(gè)老人靜靜地坐在附近的一個(gè)板凳上.Key:11. He looked un happy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am

25、 very good at En glish.4. I was so pleased to hear from you.5. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6. In the library there are all kinds of books, n ewspapers and magaz in es.7. It was 7:15 on the morni ng of February 8, 2000.8. It is getting darker and darker.9.

26、 The food tastes delicious.10. The story sounds very in teresti ng.Key: 21. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. The time passed quickly.4. Great cha nges have take n place in our hometow n these years.5. The car

27、 did n't stop but drove off at great speed.6. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years.7. The young man fell dow n on the ground hard.8. He used to get up early in the morning.Key: 31. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.2. In my spare time I enjoy liste

28、ning to popular music and collecting stamps.3. The other day my brother and I went to the cin ema by bicycle.4. We also pla nted a lot of trees in and around the school.5. In the eve nings I can watch news on TV or read n ewspapers.6. He lost the money on his way home.7. About 9 o'clock last ni

29、ght, I was doing my homework.8. Tale nt Show will be held in Beiji ng Televisi on Stati on on July 18.9. In the after noon, I 'show you around and take you to some places of in terest.10. I'm look ing forward to meeti ng you soon.Key: 41. Mr Wang taught us En glish last year.2. Tomorrow I &#

30、39;write him a letter and tell him the good n ews.3. They offered him a job, but he tur ned it dow n.4. On my 14 th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. Excuse me, can I ask you a questi on?Key: 51. I saw the kids/children playing by the r

31、iver at that time.2. We are maki ng our country more and more beautiful.3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.4. I had my wallet stole n on a bus yesterday after noon.5. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.6. Father asked/got me to bring him some n ewspapers.Key: 61. The no ise was so loud that I could n't go on study ing.2. I'm so glad to lear n that youre coming in September.3. People n eed a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.5. I h