專四-虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)及小結(jié)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會(huì)產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be 用 were)將來(lái)should +動(dòng)詞原形would / should / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形were to +動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be 用 were)would / should / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would / should / might / could have +動(dòng)

2、詞過(guò)去分詞2. 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的舉例(1) 將來(lái)時(shí)的條件句中的 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 。如：If heshould go to Qing Hua University, hewould make full use of his time.如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。If hewere to comehere, he would tellus about it.如果他要來(lái)的話，他會(huì)通知我們一聲。(2)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：If hewere free, hewould helpus. 要是他有空的話，它會(huì)幫助我們的。If hestudied at this school, he

3、would know you well.如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。(3) 過(guò)去時(shí)的條件句中的 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 。如：If Ihad seen the film, Iwould have toldyou about it.我如果看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影，我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If Ihad gotthere earlier, Iwould have metMr. Li.如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)會(huì)到了李先生。3.運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞be 時(shí)，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if Iwere you, as

4、it were中，只能用were 。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。(2) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對(duì)待。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)

5、習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了(from。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反

6、。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。(3)當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should,had 時(shí)， if可省略，而將were, should,had 等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would sen

7、d him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了(from。(4) 有時(shí)，句子沒(méi)有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過(guò)上下文或其他方式來(lái)判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.我本該來(lái)看你了，然而我太忙了。But for hi

8、s help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(5) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it.他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam.你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。省略主句If I were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊

9、。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了該多好啊。二、其他狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在 for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把門(mén)檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2)在 so th

10、at, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為：can / may / could / might / will/ would / should +動(dòng)詞原形。如 (from ：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說(shuō)話的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。2.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在 even if, even t

11、hough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if 所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他。(2)在 whatever ， whichever， whenever ， whoever, wherever， however, no matter wh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為

12、：使用 MAY may + 動(dòng)詞原形 ( 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái) ) 。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.無(wú)論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他來(lái)的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。 may + 完成式 ( 指過(guò)去 )，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustnt be proud what

13、ever / no matter what great progress you may have made.的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲(from。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管你取得了多么大不管他翻過(guò)什么錯(cuò)誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3) 在 though, although 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限 。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student

14、.盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules.盡管他是書(shū)記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣 結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前had + 過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí) (be 用 were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should+原形動(dòng)詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had

15、 known each other for long.他們開(kāi)始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋?lái)就好像他們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised,upset 等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should +原形動(dòng)詞 ( 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)) 。如：He was angry th

16、at you should call him by name.他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question.我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。 should +完成式 ,指過(guò)去。如：I m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday.我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨

17、天所作的事情 (from。三、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1英語(yǔ)中， 如：advise,ask, demand, desire,decide,insist(堅(jiān)決要求 ) , order,propose,request,suggest(建議)表示請(qǐng)求、 要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 的結(jié)構(gòu)為： (should)+ 原形動(dòng)詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we shoul

18、d serve the people with our heart and soul.黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動(dòng)詞的否定句

19、或疑問(wèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should +原形動(dòng)詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger?你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語(yǔ)中， wish 之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為 (from ：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣 結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前(1)had + 過(guò)去分詞

20、；(2)would / could / might / should + have +過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí) (be 用 were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should +原形動(dòng)詞例如：I wish I learnt English well.我希望我已學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)。I wish I had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him.他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4. 英語(yǔ)中， would rather, h

21、ad rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣 結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去had +過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí) (be 用 were )將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí) (be 用 were )例如：I d rather you had seen thefilm yesterday.我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。I d rather you were here now.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此

22、等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)其的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。句型：(1)Itis admirable / dreadful/extraordinary/ odd /remarkable / sad / advisable/ annoying /disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important/ strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / naturalt

23、hat(2)It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that(4)It worries me that如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come.很奇怪，他竟沒(méi)有來(lái)。It is a pity that we should not meet last night.真遺憾我

24、們昨天晚上沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that.我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等名詞 advice, desire,decision, idea,instruction,order, plan, proposal,recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或它們后面接同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從表面上看幾屗及同位語(yǔ)從句都須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原

25、形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助 (from 。He told us his idea that he should go to university.他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in thei

26、r hometown.他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high /about) time that +主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 / should +動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了。7.簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.說(shuō)話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、 謙虛、委婉而有禮貌， 言語(yǔ)常使用 虛

27、擬語(yǔ)氣 。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could/ might / should +原形動(dòng)詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door?我把門(mén)關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you.我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2. 表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“ may + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey!祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever!祝你青

28、春永駐。3. 表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞原形。如：4. 習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(1) 提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的單車嗎？今天晚上來(lái)跟我們聊天好嗎？(2) 陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如：I should glad to meet you.見(jiàn)到你我會(huì)很高興。I would try my best to help you.我會(huì)盡力幫助你。(3)提出勸告或建議。如：Youd better ask your father fir

29、st.你最好先問(wèn)一問(wèn)你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first.你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。( 4)提出問(wèn)題。如：Do you think he could get here on time?你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來(lái)嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎？(5)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞You should have got here earlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to

30、him.你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。+ have +過(guò)去分詞”。如：1.The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared20032._for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Had it not beenb. Hadnt it been

31、c. Was it notd. Were it not20023.“ What courses are you going to do next semester?”“Idon t know. But its about time _on something.”a.I d decideb. I decided c. I decide d.I m deciding 20024. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _quite such a crowd of people there.a.werentb.hasntb

32、eenc.hadntbeend.wouldn tbe20005. If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you_able to write letters in English.a. should beb. werec. must bed. are19996. If your car _any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.a. shall needb. should needc. wo

33、uld needd. will need19987. He left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be19988. I was to have made a speech if_.a. I was not called awayb. nobody would have called me awayc. I had not been called awayd. nobody called me away19979. I

34、 _ thepartymuch more if therehadnt been quite such a crowd of peoplethere.a. would enjoyb.willhave enjoyed c.would have enjoyedd. will be enjoying199610. Wecould_him with a detached house when he came, buthe had specificallyasked for a small flat.a. provideb. have providedc. not provided. not have p

35、rovided199511. _, he would not have recovered so quickly.a. Hadn t he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good careofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good careof199512._ your timelyadvice,Iwould neverhave known how togo aboutthe work.a. Unlessb. But forc. Exc

36、ept ford. Not for199413.It was recommended that passengers _smoke during the flight.a. notb. need not c. could notd. would not199414._you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.a. IfI realized b.Had I realizedc.I realized thatd.As Irealized199415.If only I _play the guitar as well

37、as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might16.It s high time we _ cutting downthe rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stop D. stop17.I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should think B. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.

38、Itis imperativethatthe government _ more investment intothe shipbuildingindustry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to19. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving20.

39、 Linda was _ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been starting21. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been22. He would have finished his c

40、ollege education, but he _to quit and finda job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have23. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues24. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,

41、 she _ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get25. _ you _ furtherproblems withyour printer,contactyour dealerfor advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題二選擇題C1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer

42、 so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieb2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadd3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driv

43、en ; wouldnt have gotb4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Willc5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. break

44、s B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told

45、 C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in11._the

46、clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13._ha

47、rd, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14._today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15.Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would

48、 have been16.I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17.He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were,would have helped18.If it _for

49、 the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD.hadnt been, could climb19.Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will beC. would have beenD. would be20.-I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about itA. didn t tellB. don t tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21.Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has