被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/is /a

2、re being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)例A meeting was being held wh

3、en I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

4、1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中

5、的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the buildin

6、g.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

7、(這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider,

8、expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句”或“主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （Th

9、e boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won'

10、;t be locked （指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門, 指“門沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例

11、Your reason sounds reasonable五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-bo

12、ok is very worthy to be read）3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子

13、的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定

14、式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被

15、動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見(jiàn)的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過(guò)、范圍、限度”。常見(jiàn)的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond

16、 ones reach（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyond ones control（無(wú)法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過(guò)、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例Tha

17、t house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見(jiàn)的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見(jiàn)的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“o

18、ut of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見(jiàn)的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過(guò)”。例He took two days off within the teacher's permission.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題1. If city noises _ from increasing，peop

19、le _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3.

20、- _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weatherA I've been told B I've toldC I'm told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they w

21、ill disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A.

22、breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B.

23、costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a fo

24、reigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the

25、 thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read

26、 B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Havi

27、ng taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching21)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed22)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already ha

28、ve startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started 23) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken24) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been foundC) was found D) had been found25)“Have you moved into the new flat?”“N

29、ot yet. The room_.”A) has been painted B) is paintedC) paints D) is being painted26) My pictures _until next Friday.A) won't develop B) aren't developedC) don't develop D) won' t be developed27) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) has

30、 been unemployed D) has unemployed28) A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established29) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A) would be fined B) will

31、be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined30)“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me31) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A) i

32、s announced B) have been announcedC) are announced D) has been announced32) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of David's room.A) was B) had C) had been D) is33)The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were

33、just being unloaded34) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcomeC) has been overcome D) overcome35) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) were notC) were not being D) had

34、 not been36) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A) I smell B) it is smeltC) it smells D) it is smelling37) After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is wonC) will be won D)has been won38) He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she _now.A

35、) is B) was C) had been D) has been39) The young teacher has _ competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to beC) been proved D) proved being40) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discoveredC) by discovery D) when discovered41) To get

36、a better view of the stage, _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us 42) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has createdC) has been created D) had been created43) I think much attentio

37、n _your pronunciation.A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid toC) must pay to D) should be paid to44) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been takenC) have been taking D) have been taking45) I don't remember _the cha

38、nce to try this method.A)having been given B) to have been givenC)having given D) to have given46) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) know B) be knownC) being known D) to be known47) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A) must be completed B) must h

39、ave been completedC) will be completing D) will have been completing48) They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port. A) was brought B) could have been broughtC) had been brought D) was to be brought 49) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belongedC) belongs D) is belonging 50) Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of openingC) is going to open D) opens 51) The reason for all the changes bein