現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)專題(共3頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上歸納整理： 白鶴學(xué)校 王厚平動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+（其它）用法（1）：表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如： I have just had my breakfast. (現(xiàn)在我不餓) Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. （到目前為止已完成的動(dòng)作） 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語(yǔ)連用，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù).用法（2）：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下

2、去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：for+時(shí)段或since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，以及 so far,by now, in the last 2years.over the years, all ones life且動(dòng)詞必須是延序性動(dòng)詞(注：短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用，否定句中可以eg: I havent seen you for a long time.) He has been away since last week.=He has been away for one week.注意（1）：I have been living here

3、for 2 years .=I have lived here for 2 years.(動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí))注意（2）:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間. 對(duì)劃線部分提問都用How long用法（3）： have been (to)，have gone (to)和have been in 的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 has /have been in 表示“在某地待了

4、好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒）He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。（人已走，不在這兒）He has been in Beijing for two days . （從到達(dá)北京一直到現(xiàn)在）一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday

5、, last ，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+, since+, so far, by now,ever, never, just, already, yet, before ,till / until, up to now, in past years,over the years 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句：

6、1. A：I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）B： I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） 2A： She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。）B：She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。）3 A： He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))B：He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和

7、表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy_borrow_come here /go there_become_ catch(get) a cold _ put on_ get to know_begin to do _make friends with sb_2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞join the army _ the Party _3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die_ close_ open _ finish /end_ begin/start_ leave_fall sleep/ill_go out _ get up_turn on _get

8、married_4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ)reach/arrive/get to school be in/at school join the army be in the army 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句1. 我們買這本書三年了.A:We _the book for three years.B:We _the book three years ago. 2.他感冒三天了.A:He _a cold for three days.B:He_ a cold three days ago.3.自從上星期我借的這本書A:I _the book since last week.B:I

9、 _ the book last week.4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.A:I _ a student for over two years.B:I _a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。A:Mr Black _for three years.B:Mr Black_ three years ago.6.小名參軍半年了。A:_B:_7.下課10分鐘了A:_B:_8電影開始了一小時(shí)了A:_B:_試用不5種方法譯：車已經(jīng)走了5小時(shí)了。1_2._3._4._5._注：含延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。She has worked for ten year

10、s.=She began to work ten years ago.=She has worked since ten years ago.=It is ten years since she began to work.=Ten years has passed since she began to work. 一單項(xiàng)選擇題：)1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _?A havent you B have you C do you D dont you)2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ he

11、r parents. A.does B.do C.has Dhave )3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it?A have， watched B do ，watch C did ，watch D will ，watch)4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago.A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live)5. His grandma _ for two years.A died B has been dead C was dead D has d

12、ied)6. Where is Han Mei now? - She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.A has gone B has been C goes D had gone)7. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A been on B been at C joined D played)8. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? - Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have

13、 seen C have, seen D have, saw)9. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ).10.A: Ouch ! You are standing on my foot .B:Im sorry ,but I _to A. dont mean B. havent mean C. am not meaning D. didnt mean 二用所給詞的正確形式填空：1A lot

14、 of fish _(die),The farmers look very sad .2.You _ (feel) better after you take the medicine.3.She said we _(win ) the game if we could work together .4. Please wake me up if I _ still _ (sheep) when you _ (come).5. My sister _(learn) English since she _ (be) a child. She _ (speak) English fluently

15、now.6. My uncle _ (come) to see us. He _ (arrive) here a few days ago.7. He _ (start) for Sydney tomorrow morning.8. He _ (break) his glasses when he _(play) in a football match.9.Please come tomorrow afternoon.There _ (be) a meeting tomorrow morning . 10.-Look, someone _(clean) the room , how clean

16、 it is ! -Yes, Mike _(clean ) it this morning .11. Mike _ a new house for his parents for two years .(buy)12.-_ you _ your homework yet ?- No, I _in five minutes .(finish )13. The light is still on in the room ,I think the Greens _(watch) TV.14My brother _(not watch)CCTV news ,he only watches TV plays .15.a) -We _ (not see) you for ages! Where _you _ (be)? b) -I _(be) to Scotland?三：改錯(cuò):（1）How long ha