高一英語必修3unit1課件

1、高一英語必修3unit1課件一、詞匯過關(guān)starve【考綱釋義】 vt.& vi. 使餓死;餓得要死The proud man said he would starve rather than beg for food. 那個(gè)驕傲的人說他寧愿挨餓也不愿討飯。They starved the enemy into surrendering. 他們使敵人餓得投降了。The homeless children were starved of love. 這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛?！局R(shí)拓展】starve 表“感覺很餓”時(shí),可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。starve for sth.(= long fo

2、r sth) 渴望獲得某事物 starve to death 餓死2. gain【考綱釋義】 vt. 獲得;得到He has gained rich experience in these years. 這些年來,他取得了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。The best way to learn is to put what we gain from books into practice. 最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是把我們從書本中獲得的知識(shí)投入到實(shí)踐中去?！局R(shí)拓展】 gain 還可表示“賺得;掙得”,尤指因某種服務(wù)、勞動(dòng)或工作而獲得的。如:No pains no gains. 不勞無獲。3. gather【考綱釋義】

3、 vt., vi. & n. 集合;聚集;搜集A crowd gathered to see what had happened. 一群人聚攏起來看發(fā)生了什么事。It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. 秋天到了,是克魯索收割他那一小塊玉米的時(shí)候了。For many Americans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather. The holiday is a time of family r

4、eunion. 對(duì)許多美國人來說,感恩節(jié)這一天是所有家庭成員歡聚一堂的難得時(shí)光。這個(gè)節(jié)日是家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻?！局R(shí)拓展】 gather與collect辨析:gather 表示把分散的東西集中到一起,不僅可用于人和物,還可用于把抽象的東西,如力量、印象等聚集起來,也指采花、摘果、采蜜等;collect 則指精心地、仔細(xì)選擇相似或有聯(lián)系的東西,來變成有組織的整體的一部分。4. award【考綱釋義】 n. 獎(jiǎng);獎(jiǎng)品vt. 授予;判定The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.奧林匹克的優(yōu)勝者獲得一枚金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)伦鳛楠?jiǎng)賞。She has bee

5、n awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard. 她獲得了去哈佛大學(xué)讀書的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。They awarded Mr. Brown the gold medal for his fine vegetables at the show. 因其優(yōu)質(zhì)的蔬菜展覽,他們頒發(fā)給布朗先生金牌。The court awarded custody of the child to the mother. 法院判定孩子的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)給那位母親?！局R(shí)拓展】 award 用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),指“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)賞”,側(cè)重按法律與規(guī)定而給予的榮譽(yù)。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常有下列搭配:award sb.

6、 sth. (for sth.)“(因)頒發(fā)給某人”,be awarded sth. (for)“(因) 被授予”。reward 可用作名詞或動(dòng)詞,它的意思特指“報(bào)答,報(bào)償,酬謝,獎(jiǎng)賞”,重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)好行為或者功績的報(bào)答、酬謝。常有下列搭配:receive sth. as a reward“因某事而獲得獎(jiǎng)賞”,reward sb. for“因而酬謝 / 獎(jiǎng)賞某人”;prize 也意為“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金”,但它主要用于表示“獲得幾等獎(jiǎng)”或“獲獎(jiǎng)金額”,特指在競爭、競賽中獲獎(jiǎng),常說win a prize for“因而獲獎(jiǎng)”。5. apologize【考綱釋義】 vt. 道歉;辯白Im not speaki

7、ng to you until you apologize. 我不會(huì)跟你說話,直到你向我道歉為止。Harry apologized to his teacher for coming to school late. 哈利為上學(xué)遲到而向老師道歉。I must apologize for myself. 我必須為自己辯白?！局R(shí)拓展】 常用句型:apologize to sb.向某人道歉 apologize for sth. / doing sth.因(做了)某事而道歉apologize to sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因某事而向某人道歉名詞apology的相關(guān)搭配:mak

8、e / offer an apology 道歉accept(refuse)an apology接受(拒絕)道歉二、短語詮釋1. take place發(fā)生Great changes have taken place since 1976. 1976年以來發(fā)生了巨大的變化。In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.1919年,中國發(fā)生了五四運(yùn)動(dòng)?！局R(shí)拓展】 happen“偶然發(fā)生”,指一切客觀事物或情況的偶然或未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生,主語為“事”,相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài);happen to do意為“碰巧”;take place相當(dāng)于不及

9、物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),指事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)想到的事情的發(fā)生;break out 僅用于負(fù)面場合,多指災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病等現(xiàn)象的突然發(fā)生,同樣也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài);come about屬于中性詞語。既可用于表達(dá)正面事物的發(fā)生,又可用于表達(dá)負(fù)面事物的發(fā)生。2. dress up (in)(使) 盛裝;(使)打扮;裝飾We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea! 我們?cè)谕頃?huì)上要裝扮得像電影中的角色,這是一個(gè)多么新奇的主意啊!We dressed up for the school ball on

10、Christmas day. 我們?yōu)閰⒓訉W(xué)校的圣誕舞會(huì)而盛裝打扮。She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy?鄄dress ball. 她穿上伊麗莎白的服裝去參加化妝舞會(huì)?！局R(shí)拓展】 dress sb.給某人穿衣;dress oneself 給自己穿衣服;dress in 穿什么衣服be dressed(in)表示穿著狀況3. play a trick (on sb.) / play tricks (on sb.) 捉弄某人;開某人玩笑If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the child

11、ren might play a trick on them. 如果鄰居什么糖也不給,那么孩子們就可以捉弄他們了。It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st. 4月1日那天,同朋友們開玩笑是可以接受的。【知識(shí)拓展】 play a joke on sb.戲弄某人 have a joke with sb.與某人說笑話 make a joke about sb. or sth.拿某人或某事說笑話 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.取笑某人4. look forward to 盼望;期待We

12、look forward to the return of spring. 我們期待著春天的到來。People look forward to seeing more excellent players play basketball abroad. 人們期望看到更多的優(yōu)秀球員到國外去打籃球?！局R(shí)拓展】 以look為中心的一些短語: look after 照料look out 注意;當(dāng)心 look up 查到;抬頭看 look over 翻閱;瀏覽 look into 調(diào)查look up to 仰慕;尊敬 look down upon輕視;看不起5. keep ones word 守信用;履

13、行諾言O(shè)nce you give someone a promise, you should make it no matter what will happen. This is what is called keep ones word. 一旦你給了別人承諾,無論發(fā)生什么事,你都得實(shí)現(xiàn)它,這個(gè)就叫“守諾言”。He always keeps his word. 他一直守信用?！局R(shí)拓展】與word 有關(guān)的一些短語: eat ones words 認(rèn)錯(cuò);收回前言并道歉have a word with sb. 與某人談話have words with sb. 和某人吵架in other word

14、s換句話說 in a word 簡而言之,概括地說 word for word 逐詞地;原原本本地三、句式詳解1. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independence. 在印度,十月二日是一個(gè)全國性的節(jié)日,該節(jié)日就是紀(jì)念幫助他們獲得了印度獨(dú)立的領(lǐng)袖甘地的。句中關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾Mahatma Gandhi的同位語the leader。同位語指的是句子中指代同一事物的詞語、短語或從句,它和

15、其前的名詞構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。例如:Mr Li, my English teacher, will be leaving on Tuesday, October 1. 李先生,我的英語老師,將于星期二,即10月1日離開。(My English teacher是Mr Li的同位語)In this chapter we shall make use of only two of Newtons laws, the first and the third. 本章我們將只使用牛頓的兩個(gè)定律:第一定律和第三定律。(the first and the third為two of Newtons laws的同位語)

16、同位語可以由名詞從句擔(dān)當(dāng)。同位語從句中的that并不是從句結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)成分,而是一個(gè)連接詞,只起連接作用,無具體詞義,但一般不能省略。例如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通過了考試這一消息是真的。2. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as tho

17、ugh it might be covered with pink snow. 鄉(xiāng)村掩映在櫻桃花里,它看起來仿佛被粉紅色的雪所覆蓋。as though意為“似乎;好像”,在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句。在通常情況下,as though所引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語氣,表示所敘述的情況與事實(shí)相反。例如:Why is she looking at me as though she knew me?她為什么那樣看著我?像是認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as though to miss a train was the best

18、joke in the world.他站在那里,望著火車哈哈大笑,好像誤了火車是天底下最開心的事兒似的。so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,可以由以下幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)分:1) 當(dāng)表達(dá)“為了”、“以便”的含義時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句;當(dāng)表達(dá)“以至于”、“因此”的含義時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。如:If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你的確知道,應(yīng)大聲回答,以便讓全班同學(xué)都可以聽見。It rained hard the day before yesterday, so that she had to stay at home. 前天雨下得很大,因此她只好呆在家里。2) 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should等時(shí),是目的狀語從句;當(dāng)從句里沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,且謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。如:We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could visit the monument to seagulls. 我們?cè)邴}湖城逗留是為了可以參觀為海鷗修的紀(jì)念碑。They have walked a lo