復(fù)習(xí)第11講詞語運(yùn)用專題講義04201176

1、詞語運(yùn)用【知識點(diǎn)睛】義務(wù)教育新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對詞語運(yùn)用試題的界定：要求初中畢業(yè)生能夠理解和領(lǐng)悟詞語的基本含義以及在特定語境中的意義；能夠了解常用語言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用表意功能；能夠根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息；掌握單詞、 短語、習(xí)慣用語和固定搭配的使用等。詞語運(yùn)用命題特點(diǎn)：近幾年，河南省中考英語詞語運(yùn)用題，保持了應(yīng)用性、探究性、綜合性和時(shí)代性的特征，著重考 查了學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)能力、綜合能力和書面表達(dá)能力。詞語運(yùn)用題主要考查學(xué)生對知識應(yīng)用的熟練程度， 對語言的遷移能力和對語言信息的綜合處理能力。題材：故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等?？疾旆秶航樵~、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、連詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、

2、習(xí)慣表達(dá)等，既注重語法知識和習(xí)慣用 語的考查，又加強(qiáng)對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了寫的成分。（具體見考點(diǎn)分布表）年份分類201620152014201320122011文體記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文詞數(shù)239230204192152197話題講述了當(dāng)今社會(huì) 人們把太多時(shí)間 放在智能手機(jī)上， 卻忽略真實(shí)生活 中的人和事的現(xiàn) 象講述了一種 當(dāng)前最受歡 迎的心形手 勢高中的學(xué)生 在奧克蘭的 機(jī)場賣咖啡 的故事講述了 一個(gè) “以其人之 道，還治其人 之身”的故事邁 克 爾杰克 遜的經(jīng)歷 和演唱生 涯人生價(jià)值點(diǎn)考名詞222221分河南中考英語詞語運(yùn)用題考點(diǎn)分布表:代詞111111動(dòng)詞333322

3、形容詞22/212連詞111/1介詞/1/111副詞1/2121數(shù)詞/1/11（一）重點(diǎn)考查單詞拼寫、語言基礎(chǔ)知識，在考查詞匯的同時(shí)考查讀與寫的能力。這就要求考生 首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答題時(shí)除了考慮詞法、句法，還要研究語篇中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接和連 貫等問題。（二）以上表格顯示詞語運(yùn)用主要考查包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、連詞、代詞以及介詞等，基本包 括所有詞類。文體方面主要是以記敘文為主。今年河南省中考英語詞語運(yùn)用試題可能會(huì)延續(xù)以前的考 查模式，設(shè)空時(shí)仍然會(huì)以名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞為主，副詞等其他的虛詞也會(huì)有所涉及。（三）重視句子之中或句子與句子之間的聯(lián)系，側(cè)重所給詞的變化， 如名詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)

4、詞、代詞、形容詞等形式上的變化。（四）試題選材符合考生的書面表達(dá)水平，文體偏重記敘文，以故事類的話題為主，短文內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。詞數(shù)在200左右。短文共設(shè)10個(gè)小題，每空一詞，第一句話一般不設(shè)空，試題力求答案的唯一性。詞語運(yùn)用注意事項(xiàng)形式、詞法、句法、基礎(chǔ)知識詞語運(yùn)用試題的做題步驟：1、跳過空格，通讀全文，了解大意。2、復(fù)讀全文，確定語義，判斷詞形。3、利用語境，確定詞形。4、復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。詞語運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵：1. 定詞：2. 變形：a. b. c. d. e. 、定詞 用方框內(nèi)所給的詞或短語進(jìn)行填空，兩項(xiàng)多余。various similar with care familiar i

5、n troubledestroy medici nesdepe nds onmach inesgetsToday I ' m going to talk about rainforests. Are youwith them? They' reinteresting and exciting places! Many kinds of the world' s plants and an imals live in therain forests.However, rain forests arenow they are disappeari ng very fast

6、because theyare cut dow n or burnt every day. As a result,ani mals and pla nts are dying out.Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why should you protect them ?Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breat

7、he.Rainforest also help to control the weather. Whentrees are cut down, it hotter.Besides, one quarter of our come from plants. Many of these plants can be foundonly in rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we them, we will never find out.In my opinion, our future

8、 saving the rainforests. Wemust tell more peoplehow important rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We must protectthe rainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home.二、變形 a. 動(dòng)詞 “ What is the boy doing? ” I asked myself and looked closely.“ Oh, he is (pick)up a coin fr

9、om the ground. ” When he (stand) up, we saw each other.I asked him i f he (need) some money. He replied,“ No. That ' s okay. ”From her sad look, Susie noticed that Mrs. Smith must (cry) for a long time.They (live) here since 2000.There is a German proverb that says, “Friendship is a plant that m

10、ust be (water). ”The book written by Lu Xun (sell) well. (think) about the connections ( 聯(lián)系 ) between words may help you to remember them. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let' s try our best (help) them.Would you please give me as many (suggest) as possible?The window (break) by

11、 Jim yesterday has been mended.Don' t you see a boy (run) towards us?b. 形容詞副詞 The shark got her left arm, and hurt her (bad). Luckily, she tried her best andswam back to the land.He felt (true) sorry for what he said.This kind of coffee tastes very (well).Her little dog died yesterday. This made

12、 her very (happy).A person who is (honest) always tells lies.She didn ' t give up her dream of becoming a surfer, but she had to practice (hard)than before.Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of (rich) persons in the world.There ' s not much (different) in price between the two mobile phones.c.

13、名詞 All those foreign (thief) have been caught.All parents worry about their (child) success.Do you know the girl? She is a friend of my (sister).The story is really (humor). It makes all of us laugh a lot.I want to learn how to eat (health).d. 數(shù)詞 Most people speak English as a (two) language.Two (fi

14、ve) of the students in our class are league members.They go to the library (one) a week.e. 代詞 Mother asked the Greens to help (they) to some pears.My hobby is reading comic books, what about (you)?There isn ' t (something) wrong with the computer.f. 介詞連詞精講精練】A請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。

15、The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of 1 in China.Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall 2 some of my friends. It was a sunny day.On our way up, we saw many volunteers keeping order in the sun. T

16、hey helped the elders with their bags, 3 photos for some tourists and answered people ' s questions. Though theyare very 4, they didn ' t stop to have a rest. We were deeply moved when we saw this.Just at that moment, we saw 5 little boy standing alone and crying. We went overand asked what

17、6 to him. From his answer we knew that he couldn' t find his mother.We told him not to 7 about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother withthe phone number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8, his mother turned up. When she sawher son, she was very excited and thanked 9 with tears in her e

18、yes.That day we not only enjoyed the beauty of the Great Wall, but also felt the warmth of the society. 10 everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world aroundus will be more and more harmonious （和諧的 ）.1.6.2.7.3.8.4.9.5.10.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。 （每空一詞）Frank was a curious boy. T

19、he first time he saw an hourglass （沙漏 ）, he wondered whatit was.His mother said, “A n hourglass is made in the s_11_ of 8. The sand is put in atone end, and runs through a small hole in the m_12_. It takes the sand exactly an hourto run through.Frank w13the little stream of sand. He was i14, because

20、 it would not runfaster. "Let me shake it, mother, ” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get through.”“It will, Son, ” said his mother.“The sand moves little by little, but it moves allthe time. When you look at the hands of the clock, you think they go very s15, butthey n ever stop. While you

21、 are at play, the sand is r16, grain by gra in. The handsof the clock are moving, second by second. At night, the sand in the hourglass has run throughtwelve times. The hour hand of the clock has moved a17 its great face. This is becausethey keep worki ng every mi nu te. They do not stop to t18how m

22、uch they have to do andhow long it will take them to do it.”Now, Frank ' s mother wan ted him to lear n a little poem, but he said,“ Mother, I cannever learn i19.” His mother said, “Study all the time. N20stop to ask howlong it will take to lear n it.”Frank followed his mother ' s advice. He

23、 studied line after line, very busily; and inone and a half hours he knew the poem perfectly.14. 15.19. 20.11. 12. 13.16. 17. 18.用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每個(gè)詞限用一次。ano ther carry con trol have life well tree so usual wildAni mals are importa nt in In dia n culture and are treated in a special way. For example,a

24、 lot of elephants aren ' t 21. They are domesticated （ 馴養(yǎng)的）.They aren ' t kept aspets, but as work ing ani mals. Every work ing elepha nt 22its own keeper. An elepha ntand its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young, and they grow up together.In fact, their relati on ship con

25、tinues for the rest of the elepha nt' s 23 perhaps40 years. Lots of elephants work in the forest, moving heavy 24when they are cut down.Some give rides to tourists, or 25 people during celebrations and festivals. Keeperstake excellent care of their elephants, feeding them 26 and giving them a ba

26、th at theend of the working day.27 special animal in India is the cow. Cows are protected animals, 28 theyaren 't kept on farms or killed for food, although people do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around towns and cities, and nobody tries 29 them. Ifthey sit down in

27、the middle of the road, people 30 drive around them! Do you thinkit ' s interesting?21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 【參考答案】【知識點(diǎn)睛】詞語運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵：定詞 變形1. 定詞：動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、感嘆詞2. 變形：a. 動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞性變化等b. 形容詞 / 副詞：詞性變化、反義詞、級別變化等c. 名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、詞性變化等d. 數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞變化、單復(fù)數(shù)等e. 代詞：單復(fù)數(shù)、反身代詞、 （人稱代詞 ） 主賓格、形物代 /名物代、 （不定代詞