公共英語等級考試三級(PETS3)學習筆記(五)--資料

1、公共英語等級考試三級（PETS3）學習筆記（五）Unit 16 Places and locationsDialogues /monologues:1、 About a block down from here.2、 I went to the conference to register and to set up my exhibition stand.3、 I set out our brochures ready for the official opening.4、 Coal could be moved from Welsh mining villages right into t

2、he heart of London.5、 Britain ' s rail network is still second to none.6、 That doesn ' t necessarily follow.7、 There will be taxies to cross down, but it will naturally be more economical to use bicycles and buses or to work.Passage:Washington, D.C. serves as the seat of government for the U

3、nited States of American. Overthe 200 years, Washington, D.C. has grown with the nation, and it now represents the very best of America. From its majestic monuments to its incomparable museums, from the Mall to the steps of the Capital, Washington offers visitors one-of-a-kind attractions.The majest

4、ic capital building stands at the center of the city, allowing unobstructed viewsof the city ' s most famous attractio ns. The immense open space of the Mall is marked off by thevarious museumsof the Smithsonian Institution, the largest cluster of museumsin the world. The national Air and Space

5、Museum celebrates the nation ' s achievements in flight and space exploration, from the Wright brother ' s first biplane to the Apollo moon mission and beyond.Visitors also line up for the Natural History Museum to learn about the sciences and to view the famous Hope Diamond. The Smithsonian

6、 Institution also includes the world-famous galleries. Art lovers should also appreciate the nearby National Portrait Gallery and National Museumof American Art.Looking past the Mall, the Washington Monument stands 505 feet above the city. It was thetallest man-made structure in America from its com

7、pletion until the early 1900' s. Behind thismonument are the reflecting pool and the trio of memorials dedicated to remembering PresidentLincoln and the wounded and killed of the Vietnam and Korean conflicts. New to the area of thetidal basin, and facing the Jefferson Memorial, a memorial to Fra

8、nklin Roosevelt lies on the Potomac River which hosts millions of visitors each year.The offices of the various government agencies take up most of the space of the city, andmost offer free tours to the public. The White House also offers free tours to the public. Justoutside of the city, the nation

9、al zoo houses thousands of animals on 163 acres of park. Amongits residents are two giant pandas given to the United States as gifts from the People' s Republi c of China. Across the river in Arlington, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier stands amidst the dim, grave and majestic Arlington National

10、Cemetery.Washington has many other distractions from politics.WashingtonJ s theatre life is thriving;it is second only to NewYork in number of theatre seats. The National Symphony and other musical companies play four schedules. As a temporary home to diplomats from around the world, WashingtonJ s r

11、estaurant offerings are the finest and most diverse around.The beauty and grandeur of the nation ' s capital continue to captivate millions of American and foreign tourists who visit Washington, D.C. each year.參考譯文：華盛頓特區(qū)（又稱華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)）是美利堅合眾國政府所在地。在過去的200多年中，華盛頓特區(qū)與美國一起成長，現(xiàn)在它是美國國家的象征。從宏偉的紀念牌到無與倫比的博

12、物館，從首都廣場到國會 大廈的臺階，它以自己的特征吸引著游客。宏偉的國會大廈聳立于市中心，人們能在此飽覽華盛頓特區(qū)著名的風景。首都廣場的碩大空間被世界 上最大的博物館群一一史密森博物館院的各種博物館劃分開來。國家航空航天博物館展示了美國在飛行和 宇宙探索方面取得的成就，從萊特兄弟的第一架雙翼飛機到阿波羅號登月任務以及其他。游客們還排長隊 參觀自然歷史博物館，了解科學知識，欣賞著名的“希望之星”。史密森博物院還包括世界著名的藝術館。藝術愛好者們肯定會鐘情不遠處的國立肖像館和國立美國藝術博物館。首都廣場過去，就是高 505英尺的紀念碑。在二十世紀初以前，它曾是美國最高的人造建筑。紀念碑 之后是映像

13、池，和林肯紀念堂及為在越南及朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭中受傷和陣亡的將士建造的紀念碑。位于潮汐湖畔、 與杰弗遜紀念堂正對的是新建的弗蘭克林.羅斯福紀念堂，它座落在波托馬克岸邊，每年吸引數(shù)百萬游客。各種政府機關的辦公用地占了城市大部分空間，多數(shù)政府機關都向公眾提供免費參觀時段，包括白宮 在內(nèi)。城外不遠處的占地 163英畝的國家動物園里容納了數(shù)千種動物。其中有兩只是中華人民共和國作為 禮物贈送給美國的大熊貓。海對岸的阿靈頓，無名烈士墓坐落在昏暗、莊嚴肅穆的阿靈頓國家公墓里。華盛頓特區(qū)除了政界機構(gòu)以外還有許多其他娛樂場所。華盛頓的戲劇非常繁榮，劇院可容納座位數(shù)僅 次于紐約。國家交響樂團和其它音樂團體全天候都有演出。作

14、為來自世界各地的外交官們的臨時家園，華 盛頓所提供的飯店檔次最高，而且種類繁多。作為國家首都的華盛頓，其優(yōu)美景色和宏大建筑將繼續(xù)吸引每年數(shù)百萬美國和外國游客到此參觀瀏覽。Unit 17 Travel and TourismDialogues /monologues:1、 The acceptable standard is 15% of the tall bill.2、 You can stock up on something to have for later for example, cheese and caviar in Mexico City.3、 Meditation room4

15、、 When you walk in, relaxing musiccomes and pictures of clouds are projected on the wall.5、 Christen cruises are popular with those who are not interested in the drinking, gambling, and Las Vegas style shows that are a part of most cruising vacations.6、 Enjoying retracing the journeys of the apostle

16、 Paul in Turkey and Greece on a luxurious tall sailing ship.Passage:To at tract tourism to one ' s country was once thought of as an unqualified success; there seemed to be no negative aspects to it. However, today we are coming to realize that tourism is a mixed blessing: it has advantages and

17、disadvantages. On the one hand, it can bring money to parts of the world that very much need it. People can earn a great deal through tourism. And this income can help to preserve the environment. Anything that helps to protect the ecosystem, the interrelated community of plants and animals that mak

18、es up the earth, is, of course, positive.A recent worry, however, is the fact that tourism can cause serious damage to the fragile environments they love to visit. Ecosystems are delicate and easily damaged. Around the world, areas are endangered by the large numbers of tourism who visit them. On ev

19、ery continent, tourism threatens the environment. Even trekkers who take difficult journeys on foot can cause damage.There are, then, serious dangers that come with the promise of tourism. Every advantages bring with it real disadvantages. This dilemma makes planning difficult for nations trying to

20、decide what to do. Countries can make a good deal more money from the tourist industry than they need to put into attracting tourists. This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where endangered animals and plants live. It also may be that tourism can help strengthen local culture by en

21、couraging awareness of traditions and ceremonies. Historic buildings thrive on tourism. These cultural locations enjoy great success with the money and respect brought by tourism.But there is a down side to all this. Because cultural sites are becoming too crowded,Disneyland-like reproductions are b

22、eing created. These are not authentic cultural sites but copiesof something that may or may not have ever really existed. Some people say,"what' s the valueof tradition if it ' s kept alive for profit, and bears little relation to real life?"Taken together, the negative effects of

23、tourism grow larger over time. The cumulative effects of tourism are great because every time we use cars or planes to travel we contribute to one of the greatest disruptions in the history of the planet: global warming and climate change are interrupting what has been the normal climate pattern for

24、 centuries.Newapproaches to the problem are also being developed. Oneinitiative has been the development of tourist opportunities in which the tourists both give and receive through working vacations.This kind of personal, small-scale tourism is meant to be a positive response with its large-scale o

25、rganizing. Working tourism may not be for everyone, but the hope is that some kinds of travel can become more planet friendly.參考譯文：吸引游客到某個國家旅游曾一度被認為是絕對成功的，因為這種做法似乎沒有什么負面效應。然而， 今天我們開始意識到旅游業(yè)是福也是禍；它既能給我們帶來有利的一面，也會給我們帶來不利之處。一方面, 它可以為急需資金的國家?guī)碡敻弧Ｈ藗兛梢詮穆糜螛I(yè)賺到很多錢，這些收入足夠用來保護環(huán)境。當然， 任何有助于保護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一一這個構(gòu)成我們賴以生存的世界、由

26、動物和植物組成的生物群落，都是值得肯 定的。然而，最近令人們擔心的一個事實是：游客會對自己鐘愛的脆弱環(huán)境千萬嚴重破壞。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常脆 弱，容易遭到破壞。全世界范圍內(nèi)游客云集的地區(qū)都面臨著危險。無論在哪個洲，游客們都危脅著那里的 環(huán)境。就連喜歡艱苦跋涉的步行愛好者們也會對環(huán)境贊成危害。那就是說旅游業(yè)給人們帶來希望的同時，也給人類帶來了危險。每個優(yōu)點都伴隨著缺點。這種兩難境 地使得那些國家在做規(guī)劃時難以抉擇。這些國家從旅游業(yè)掙到的錢遠比他們?yōu)槲慰投度氲莫劷鸲嗟?多。這部分財政收入可以幫助這些國家保護瀕危動物和植物的棲息地。通過鼓勵人們保持傳統(tǒng)和風俗的意 識，旅游業(yè)還可以起到促進當?shù)匚幕淖饔?/p>

27、。歷史景點需要旅游業(yè)的支持才能得以繁榮。旅游業(yè)帶來的獎 金和人們對歷史的尊重會使這些文化景點越來越興旺。但是，除此以外，旅游業(yè)也有負面影響。因為文化景點變得越來越擁擠，類似迪尼斯樂園的娛樂場所 越來越多。而這些并不是真正的文化景點，只是可能存在或是可能不存在的某種東西的翻版而已。有些人 會問：“如果傳統(tǒng)的存在只是為了盈利，而與真實生活無關，那么傳統(tǒng)的價值又何在呢 ？”歸結(jié)起來，旅游業(yè)帶來的負面效應隨著時間的推移會越來越大。旅游業(yè)的累積效應是巨大的，因為每 次我們駕車或乘飛機出游，都會對我們所生活的星球造成破壞：全球氣溫升高和氣候變化會打亂幾世紀以 來一直正常的氣候模式。解決問題的新辦法也正在陸

28、續(xù)出臺。其中一個首創(chuàng)就是在旅游者工作休假期間給其提供度假機會。這 種個人的、小規(guī)模旅游被認為是那種典型的、已經(jīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的大規(guī)模旅游業(yè)的積極反應。工作旅游并非對所 有人適用，但是給人希望的是：有些旅游形式能夠更有益我們生活在這個星球。Unit 18 Sightseeing and Travel PlansDialogues /monologues:1、 Right after lunch, the tour makes a stop at St. Paul' s. Then the rest of the afternoonis spent at the museum."righ

29、t "在這里表示“正好”的意思。makes a stop :停留、休息.。be at :從事于，做。2、 A ： Anyway, is there still room? B : Yes, there is. Will this be for yourself only?"Will this be for yourself only? "的肯定形式是：This will be for yourself only,如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，就是： This is for you 。Will this be for yourself only?"這是給彳一個人的嗎？

30、"，就是這么簡單的意思。3、When I started this company 20 years ago, wewere commended,as a newkind of travel company, for putting travelers with flexible schedules in touch with fantastic bargains."in touch with ”:同有聯(lián)系。全句的意思：當我在20年前著手這家公司的時候，大伙受到了稱贊。作為一個新型的旅游公司，用靈 活的時間安排賦予旅客們極大的實惠。4、YoiZ ll also be abl

31、e to get fast, free quotes online, including the very up-to-date specials, discounts and promotions.你也可以得到快速，免費的網(wǎng)上報價，包括最新的特價、打折與促銷。5、 Building a tradition of the extended family all going away together is a great way to build long-lasting family bonds.這句話用在寫作里可是相當實用哦。我將它翻譯成：讓大家庭的所有成員一起外出旅行成為一種慣例，是維系

32、一個家族長期親密和諧的有 效方式。Passage:Anyone lucky enough to be going to Honolulu doesn ' t have to give a reason for going. They can just say, “We re going to Honolulu, “ and imagination will take care of the rest. Moreover,Honolulu can probably live up to and even surpass whatever we imagine. World-famous

33、beaches and tropical weather set the scene for an amazing mix of pacific cultures in this Hawaiian capital.There is a reason why Hawaii is consistently rated as one of the nation ' s top travel destinations; in fact, there are several of them.Waikiki Beach is the center of activity for Hawaii

34、9; s biggest industry: tourism. This is one of the w orld ' s greatest resort playgrounds, featuring some of the most beautiful beaches and hotels in the world. Visitors from all over the world flock here to enjoy the sun, the sand and the incredible nightlife.Besides the beaches, visitors to Ho

35、nolulu can take tours of the countryside surrounding the downtown area. These tours are amazing, bringing visitors to some of the most beautifulrainforestsand volcanoes in the world. Animal and plant life are abundant, and the scenery is unsurpassed.A five-minute c ar ride from Honolulu brings visit

36、ors into some of Nature' s most beautiful andawe-inspiring sights. Several museums, including the Bishop Museum, combine exhibits on Hawaiian natural history with lessons about history and culture of its many diverse peoples. The Waikiki Aquarium is the third oldest public aquarium in the United

37、 States, and it features manyof Hawaii' s most interesting sea animals.The history of Hawaii is very rich, as the islands have always attracted manydifferent people. Visitors can tour the Tolani Palace, the residence of the last of the Hawaiian monarchs. They can also visit Honolulu ' s Chin

38、atown, which is more authentic than many of its mainland counterparts. They can also visit the Arizona Memorial, commemorating the destruction of the battleship Arizona during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that brought America into World War II.Honolulu exhibits the best of Hawaii in a thoroug

39、h way. From its famous beaches to its incredible natural preserves, this town has attracted millions of people from around the world. Many of those visitors stayed, helping to make Hawaii one of the most diverse places to visit in the Unite States. Anyone lucky enough to be going to Hawaii knows tha

40、t he won' t be disappointed.參考譯文：所有有幸去檀香山的人都無需給自己找什么理由，而只需說：“我們要去檀香山了?！逼溆嗟木腿?給想象力吧。而且，對于檀香山而言，無論我們的想象力有多豐富，都只會有過之而無不及。世界聞名的 沙灘和熱帶天氣，使這個夏威夷首府令人驚異地融合了大西洋的變化。夏威夷一向居于全國旅游景點前列，是有原因的。事實上，原因遠不止一個。懷基基海夏威夷的最大產(chǎn)業(yè)一一旅游業(yè)的娛樂活動中心，也是世界上最大的游樂景點之一，主要以世 界上最漂亮的海灘和旅店為特色。世界各地的游客云集此地，心情地享受陽光、沙灘、以及令人難以置信 的夜生活。除了海灘以外，游客

41、們還可以到市中心周圍的鄉(xiāng)村瀏覽觀光。這些令人驚異的旅行，會將游客帶入世 界上最漂亮的熱帶雨林，欣賞最壯觀的火山美景。這里的動物和植物種類繁多，景色美不勝收。從檀香山出發(fā)，僅五分鐘的車程游客就會進入自然界最美、最令人驚嘆的天然美景中。有些博物館，包括主教博物 館在內(nèi)，將夏威夷自然歷史展覽和有關當?shù)囟喾N不同民族的歷史和文化講座結(jié)合起來。懷基基水族館是美 國第三古老的水族館，以許多夏威夷有趣的海洋動物為特色。夏威夷島有著豐富的歷史，因此這個島嶼總是吸引著各種各樣的游客。游客們可以參觀夏威夷最后一 個君王的住所一一托拉尼宮殿。還可以參觀檀香山的唐人街，這里的唐人街要比美國本土上的許多唐人街 正宗得多。

42、游客們還可以參觀亞利桑那紀念館，紀念日本襲擊珍珠港致使美國卷入第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時而摧 毀的亞利桑那戰(zhàn)艦。檀香山全方位展現(xiàn)了夏威夷之最，從聞名于世的海灘，到令人難以置信的自然保護區(qū)，這個城市吸引 了來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬游客。許多游客留了下來，使得夏威夷成為美國最雜居的地區(qū)之一。任何一位有 幸到夏威夷一游的人都知道：這里絕對不會令你失望。Unit 19 Visiting a Doctor and Health InsuranceDialogues /monologues:1、 I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable.這里的&q

43、uot;suffer from "是個固定搭配：（遭受、忍受的意思。）2、To crown it all, I had an accident the other day.To crown it all :（更糟糕的是 ）the other day : 前幾天。3、I get short of breath.short of breath :呼吸短促。4、 For the sake of your health, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking.談談 “for the sake of" 與 "in or

44、der to ” 的區(qū)別：for the sake of 由于.或者是"看在 的份上"for the sake of God看在上帝的份上in order to 為了Many students listen to the teacher carefully in order to receive a good mark.學生上課認真聽講是為了得到好成績for the sake of +名詞in order to +動詞雖然二者都是表示"為了"這個意思可以這么看，前者 是 為了某個東西，所以+名詞后者是為了做某事，所以+動詞5、Likewise, many

45、 changes are taking place in hospitals, where the costs of medical equipment and care is skyrocketing.同樣，醫(yī)院里正發(fā)生著很多的改變，醫(yī)療設備與醫(yī)療保健的費用突升猛漲。6、Because of the high costs, patients now spend a limited number of days in the hospital, depending on their illness.因為高價的花費，現(xiàn)在，病人們根據(jù)自身的病情，盡量花更少的時間呆在醫(yī)院里。7、It has wor

46、ried me a good deal for the last week, and so now I am going to put it on my dressing-table and watch it ache.上周牙疼一直困擾著我，所以現(xiàn)在我要把它擺放在我的梳妝臺，看它還怎么疼 ！Passage:For all it flaws, medical care in the United States has been reformed gigantically over the past several decades. Deaths from heart disease have f

47、allen by 40 percent since 1970. thanks to better detection and treatment, cancer advances have helped to raise U.S. life expectancy from an average of 68 years in 1950 to 77 years today.Not only have American lives grown longer, but their quality has improved. The proportion of people over 65 with o

48、ne or more chronic disabilities such as the inability to walk, or toget dressed, without aid declined from greater than 25 percent in 1982 to less than 20 percent in 1999. and the development of vision-correction surgery, among many other drugs and procedures, has allowed many Americans to prolong p

49、leasures historically with youth.Of course, not all the recent improvements in American health and longevity can be directly attributed to our health-care system; some are as much the result of adopting healthier habits( exercise, better diet) or of dropping unhealthy ones (smoking, too much alcohol

50、-drinking). Still, better medical care is the principal cause of improvements in American health and life span over the past 50 years.But the problem is that since 1960 health-care spending has grown significantly faster thanof our incomes on medical core.the economy, meaning that wS re spending an

51、ever larger portionIn 1960 health care constituted 5.1 percent of the U.S. economy; in 1980 it constituted 8.8 percent; today it constitutes 13.3 percent. Meanwhile, private health-insurance premiumswhich rose by14 percent last year alone are becoming unaffordable for ever Americans. The number of t

52、hings we can do to pay for them. 41 millions of our citizens are now uninsured. So the key questionis not whether health care should be rationed in the United States; it already is. Rather thequestion is how health care should be rationed. Howshould the potential benefits of reduced pain, improved q

53、uality of life, or extended life be weighted against the high costs of the medications or procedures involved? And who should weigh them? These are hard questions with high moral stakes. But we do hope that the health-care system will cover more people.參考譯文：因為存在缺陷，所以美國的醫(yī)療保健在過去幾十年里進行了重大改革。心臟疾病導致的死亡自1

54、970年以來下降了 40%由于較先進的監(jiān)測和治療，癌癥死亡率自1990年以來一直處于下降趨勢?？偟膩砜矗t(yī)療進步使美國人均壽命從 1950的68歲提高到現(xiàn)在的77歲。美國人不僅提高了壽命，而且還提高了生活質(zhì)量。65歲以上患有至少一種長期殘疾一一如在無人幫助下不能獨立行走，或不能自己穿衣一一的比例從1982年的20蛆上下降到1990年的20蛆下。視力矯正手術的發(fā)展，以及其他藥品和治療程序的發(fā)展，使得許多美國人歷史性地延長了與年輕有關的生活樂趣。當然，并不是美國人健康和長壽方面取得的所有進步都直接歸功于我們的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)。有些是養(yǎng)成 健康習慣（鍛煉身體、合理飲食）或戒除不健康習慣（吸煙、過量飲酒）

55、的直接結(jié)果。然而，良好的醫(yī)療保健 依舊是過去50多年來產(chǎn)美國人健康改善和生命延長的主要因素。但問題是，自1960年以來，醫(yī)療保健費用的增長速度遠遠超過了經(jīng)濟增長速度，這意味著我們的收入 中用于醫(yī)療保健上的比例越來越大。1960年醫(yī)療保健費用占美國經(jīng)濟的5.1%;至I 1980年的時候，就升高到了 8.8%;而現(xiàn)在已達到13.3%了。與此同時，私人健康保險費用一一僅去年一年就上升了14%讓越來越多的美國人感到難以承受。我們?yōu)榻】刀扇〈胧┑臄?shù)量已經(jīng)超過了美國人的承受能力。目前有4100萬人口還沒有上醫(yī)療保險。因此，關鍵問題不是在于美國醫(yī)療保健是否應該定量配給，因為我們已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了這 個目標，而是在

56、于醫(yī)療保健怎樣定量配給。美國人民在痛苦減少、生活質(zhì)量改善或壽命延長等方面所獲得 的潛在益處，怎樣才能抵消伴隨而來的藥品或就醫(yī)高消費呢缶隹來負責平衡呢？沒有很高的道德責任，這些問題是難以解決的。但是，我們還是希望醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)能夠涵蓋更多的人。Unit 20 Bodybuilding and Environment SanitationDialogues /monologues:1、 Do they need long workouts to get the benefit, or will short,intense ones do the trick?do the trick :獲得成功。他們

57、需要長期的體能訓練獲得益處，還是短暫、劇烈的訓練取得成功 ？2、 Bone mass and bone loss.Bone mass:骨骼塊數(shù) bone loss :骨質(zhì)疏松3、 Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures.通過單一或多次的暴露之后，即刻效應便體現(xiàn)出來了。4、 Experts found that inhabitants in the three regions have more in common than calories.專家發(fā)現(xiàn)這三個地區(qū)的居民在其他方面的共同點

58、超過了他們在卡路里方面的共同點。5、 Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would keep away from food, love, or exercise. While there is no question that prolonged stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you' re able to rise to the occasion can be good for

59、 you.rise to the occasion :應付自如。跟人不能避開食物，愛或鍛煉一樣，人也不應該躲避壓力，毫無爭議長時間的壓力是有害的，但也有 不少研究顯示，你可以應對的挑戰(zhàn)性局面對你是有好處的。Passage:Being young has universal appeal and today people are searching for the qualities that youth comprises good health, mental alertness, physical attractiveness, and vigor in a word, fitness. Fitness is the magical term that has pervaded our daily lives. Via the media, we are constantly bo