動名詞的用法

1、動名詞的用法動名詞的用法1、動名詞做主語和表語1.動名詞作主語Talking to him is talking to a wall._ (smoke) may cause cancer.2.有時可用先行詞it 作主語，而把動名詞放到句子后部去，表語可以是形容詞，名詞a.Its nice seeing you again. Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?b.Its no good coming before that. Its a wonder meeting you here. It was a waste of time reading tha

2、t book.3.There is+no后用動名詞作主語：表示沒法。 There is no knowing what he could do.There was n arguing with her.4.動名詞作表語： Her hobby is painting.1._(walk) is my sole exercise.2.Its hopeless_(argue)about it.3.It was a waste of time _(read) that book.4 Its a wonder _(meet)you here.5. Hes selfish, there is no _(de

3、ny)it.6.There is _(mistake) in his intension.7.Their pastime is _(go) to movies.8.Her favorite sport is _(ski).2.動名詞作賓語(一) 動詞+動名詞 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. He admitted taking the money I hate lying and cheating I couldnt help laughing.(二)成語動詞+動名詞 He has given up playing football. H

4、is suggestion is worth considering. (三)動名詞表示一般情況，不定式表示即將發(fā)生的事 I remember telling you about it, Remember to tell him about it. Do you like reading? I should like to hear others views.注：在begin,start,intend, continue,和cease后，跟動名詞或不定式都可以，不定式表示情況發(fā)生變化，動名詞表示有意識地開始或停止。3.動名詞做介詞的賓語1. 由介詞構成的成語動詞后跟動名詞作賓語1. She i

5、nsisted on writing at once.2. be+adj+介詞 2.I was afraid of making them uneasy.3. 及物動詞+賓語+介詞+動名詞作賓語 3.Thank you for doing this job for us.4.介詞+動名詞構成狀語 I dont blame you for being cautious.5.介詞短語+動名詞構成賓語 He is studying with a view to going to university.總之：介詞后面+動名詞!1).動名詞的被動形式作動詞的賓語和介詞的賓語 a.He hates bei

6、ng interrupted. I appreciate being given this opportunity. He just missed being caught. b.I object to being spoken to like that. He hope to get out without being seen. He ran away for fear of being hurt.2).動名詞的完成形式作動詞的賓語和介詞的賓語 a.He denied having been there. He reported having met only a cyclist. b.D

7、ont be angry with me for not having written to you. After having had some practice, he decided to try again.4.動名詞的被動形式和完成形式動名詞的邏輯主語多用一個物主代詞或名詞所有格表示：a. 主語前It seems so strange your going like this. Her going off in such a hurry is very risky.b. 賓語前I hate your going away.Excuse my opening your letter b

8、y mistake.c. 介詞賓語前I strongly object to your saying that.I fed up with your grumbling.5.動名詞的邏輯主語二、賓語從句1. that 引導的賓語從句 2.由連接代（副）詞引導的從句1)動詞加連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句：2). whether 和 if 也常用來引導賓語從句： 3. 由關系代詞型what 引導的從句 Have you got what you wanted? She was shocked by what she had seen.1). whatever 引導賓語從句 I will do wh

9、atever you wish. I always succeed in whatever I try.2).whichever, whomever也可引導賓語從句 Buy whichever is cheapest. Give it to whomever you like.三、 定語從句1.限定性定語從句大多數(shù)定語從句對所修飾詞的意思加以限制，以表示.的人/東西稱為限定性定語從句通常由關系代詞(a)或關系副詞(b)引導： a. Everyone who (taht) knew him liked him. The car which I hired broke down. b.This i

10、s the village where I was born. These are the reasons why we do it.注：定語從句中關系代詞大多數(shù)情況下要省略，尤其在口語中。2.非限定性定語從句對所修飾的詞沒有限定詞義的作用，而只是補充一些說明，通常都有一個逗號把它和句子的其他部分分開。在這類從句中不能使用關系代詞that 和關系副詞 why 也不能省略任何關系副詞。 Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work. This is George, whose class you will be taking.1) 在非限定

11、性定語從句中which 和 whom 常和of或其他介詞連用： I picked up the apples, some of which are badly bruised. She had eight children,three of whom lived to grow up.2) which 有時不代表一個名詞，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思。 They rely on themselves, which is much better. He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.3) 一些其他定語從句as做關系代詞，引導定語從句主

12、要和such 連用We have such grapes as you never saw.as還可以單獨引導定語從句He was a foreigner, as I knew from hia accent.4)but 引導定語從句There are very few but admire his talents.5) whereby, wherein,whereupon也可以引導定語從句Theyve set a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period四、狀語從句1.時間狀語從句1)多由連詞引導When she pressed t

13、he button the lift stopped.All things are difficult before they are easy. 2)也有一些不由連詞引導He came directly I called.2.條件狀語從句1) If 或unless 引導If I were you,Id go to night school.2)其他連詞或起連詞作用的短語Suppose you had a million pounds,how would you spend it?3)由if引導的條件狀語從句有時可將if 省略，而把從句語序倒裝Were it not for their ass

14、istance ,we would be in serious of diffculty.3.目的狀語從句主要由that, so that, lest,so fear that,in case等引導：They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard.Ill show you so you can see how its done.4.結果狀語從句主要由so that, so.that, such.that, that等引導：It was such a cold night that we stayed at home.5. 原因狀語從句1)主要由

15、because,as,since,in case等引導I did it because I was angry.As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.2)某些Be+Adj.結構后的從句也說明原因Im glad hes feeling better.6.讓步狀語從句1)主要由although,though,while,whereas等連詞引導，表示雖然，盡管這類意思Some praised him, whereas others condemned him.Though he had very little money, he always managed to dress smartly.2)其他類型的狀語從句You wont be heard, however loudly you shout.7.方式狀語從句1)主要由as,like, as if, as though等引導I did as he asked.Do it like he does.2)這類狀語間或也不用連詞引導You can travel how you please.Arrange the hours however you like .8.地點狀語從句1)主要由where,wherever和anywhe