大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之從句

1、名詞性從句包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句.引導(dǎo)這些名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括：1附屬連詞that, if, whether；不做成分2連接代詞 who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose；3連接副詞 where, when, why, how.2, 3,充當(dāng)一定的成分e.g. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.The fact is that he didn't go to the

2、dinner party.I don ' t knowhe will attend the meeting.Have you heard the newshat Mary is going to marry Tom?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)瑪麗要和湯姆結(jié)婚的消息了嗎？ that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句1附屬連詞whether和if都作 是否解,但* if不可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句.Whether可與ornot連用,而if不可以.例如：I don ' t know whether if she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.2

3、 that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別：that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,而 what在從 句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等.例如： He always means what he says.She suggested that he do it at once.定語(yǔ)從句1 .引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括：(1)關(guān)系代詞：that, which, whose, who, whom, as;(2)關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why.充當(dāng)成分關(guān)系代詞that/which充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可省去.2 .關(guān)系代詞的選用比擬復(fù)雜,它受以下條件的制約：(1)先行詞是指人還是指物；(2)關(guān)系代詞

4、在從句中的句法功能；(3)定語(yǔ)從句是限定性的還是非限定性的.3 .關(guān)系副詞的選用相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較簡(jiǎn)單.如先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞,如 time, day等,那么用when,如先先詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,如place, house, are籌,那么用where； 如先行詞為reason,那么用why.例如：I ' ll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.I don ' t know the reason why (for which) he did that.4 .領(lǐng)先行詞是all,

5、 something, nothin籌不定代詞時(shí)；或先行詞前有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no詞修飾時(shí)；或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),一般 只用that而不用whic俅引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.例如：I ' ve explained everything (that) I can to you.This is the most beautiful campus (that) I' ve ever been to.5 .先行詞也可以是整個(gè)句子.這時(shí),一般用which或a冰引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句. Which在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,asft從句

6、中一般只充當(dāng)主語(yǔ).whichtas引導(dǎo)此類定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：which只能置于句中或句末,而as的位置比擬靈活,可 置于句中、句末,又可置于旬首.例如：Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which (as) is known to all.He was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.As had been expected, he finished first in decathlon (+項(xiàng)全能)at that Olympic Games

7、.狀語(yǔ)從句1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句a. when, as, while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)都可以表示主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作 同時(shí)發(fā)生,即同時(shí)性.它們的區(qū)別在于：when和as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作中以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,即瞬時(shí)性；while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作只能是 延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).當(dāng)主句和從句中的動(dòng)作均為延續(xù)性動(dòng)作 時(shí),一般用while,而不用whenEaso當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)開展、變化的情況下, 一般用as,作隨著解.例如：When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.As she got older, she got wiser.Wh

8、ile Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.b.有些副詞和一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組也可用作附屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從旬 o 如 instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the momer#.例如：Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.2

9、)條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的附屬連詞有：if, unless, , only if (只要).例如：If you don ' t come on time, we ' ll start out without you.As (so) long asyou keep on trying, you ' ll certainly succeed.除了以上提到的附屬連詞外,還有其它的一些詞或詞組也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從旬.例如：providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in

10、 cas巡.例如：Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to winthe election.如果他贏得了多數(shù)團(tuán)體的支持,他就能夠取得勝利.3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的附屬連詞有：because, since, as, now(that), in that,considering tha侍.例如：Since the speaker can ' t come, we ' ll have to cancel the meeting.in that和now (tha

11、t)的用法：in that引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)主句進(jìn)行解釋的說(shuō)明,意思是：在方面,在于;由于.Now (that)表示既然.例如：Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.Now (that) the weather has improved, let ' s go out for a picnic.4)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句弓I導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的附屬連詞有：though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter despite the fact that, i

12、n spite of the fact that, while.例如：Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.一些疑問(wèn)詞在詞尾加上eve后,也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于 no matter+疑問(wèn)詞.這些詞包括：whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however 例如：Whatever he says, don ' t believe him.Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句

13、引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的附屬連詞有：so that, so as to do in order that , in order to dolest, in case, for fear thatSo that例如：? They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird -eye view of the city.? Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.? Take an umbrella in case it r

14、ains.so thatf口 in order that的區(qū)另U: so thalM常用,in order that更正式.so that 弓 I導(dǎo)的從句一般置于旬末,而in order that弓I導(dǎo)的從句既置于句首,又可置于旬末. 例如：In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.6)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般由以下

15、連詞引導(dǎo)：so that, so - that, such.例岫tHe overslept, (so) that he was late for work.They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.a. sotha僑口suchtha/勺區(qū)別.so后接形容詞或副詞,such/f接名詞.例如：It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.It ' s such a good chance that we mustn ' t miss it.b. so th

16、at既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 .so that引導(dǎo)目的 狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一般從句動(dòng)詞前會(huì)出現(xiàn) can (could), may (might), shall (should), 而so that?1導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示客觀事實(shí),不會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述詞語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)結(jié)果 狀語(yǔ)從句的so tha前常有逗號(hào),表示強(qiáng)調(diào).so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)可置于句 首,而so tha引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句只能置于旬末.例如：He left early so that he could catch the train.例題1? Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in thatB.