(完整word版)初一初二英語時態(tài)講解與練習

1、初 一、 初 二 英 語 時 態(tài) 講 解 與 練 習句子的時態(tài)是通過動詞的變化來表現(xiàn)的，通過觀察一個動詞的不同形式可以看出句子的時態(tài)，表明 發(fā)生的時間。有些時態(tài)可以通過時間狀語來確定，有些則根據(jù)常識來確定。一、一般現(xiàn)在時1 .表示方法：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動詞原形，主語是三單（ he, she, it,人名、物名）時， 動詞的表示方法與名詞的復數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動詞的三單。動詞的三單變化：一般在動詞后加-s;以s, x, o, sh, ch結尾的加es;以輔音字母加y結尾的，變y為i,再加es;以f, fe結尾的變f, fe為v,再加es。2 .哪些情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時1）表示經常性、習慣性

2、的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, always,seldom, every : sometimes, every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday 等時間狀語。例如：a. He goes to school every day.他每天去上學。b. He is very happy.他很開心。c. The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉。（特性）2）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如： 口，a. If you come this afternoon, we'

3、ll hav戌taWeeing下午過來，我彳門斗各開個會。b. When I graduate, I' ll go to countryside.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。3）有時這個時態(tài)表示按計劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作（句中都帶有時間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a. The meeting begins at seven.會議七點開始。b. The rain starts at nine in the morning.上午九點開始下雨。4）表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞 （

4、be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等）常用一般現(xiàn)在進行時。a. I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語。b. The story sounds very interesting.這個故事聽起來很有趣?？偟恼f：表示習慣、愛好、頻率（經常、總是、偶爾）、規(guī)律、事實動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時。3.動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句1） be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時am, is, are否定句：在am, is, are加not一般疑問句：把 am, is, are提到句首I am a teacher. Im not a teacher

5、. Are you a teacher?She is a beautiful girl. She isn t a beautiful. Is she a beautiful girl?They are careful students. They aren 't careful students. Are they careful students?2）實意動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動詞原形，主語是三單（ he, she, it,人名、物名）時，動詞 的表示方法與名詞的復數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動詞的三單。否定句：三單在動詞原形前加doesn t,其余人稱加don

6、9;t疑問句：一般在句首加Do,三單在句首加Does后動詞還原。I like English. I don 't like English. Do you like English?My mother teaches English. My mother doesn 't teach English Does your mother teach English?二、一般過去時的用法？1 .表示方法：用動詞的過去式表示動詞的過去式的表示方法：be 動詞的過去式： was, were實意動詞的過去式：一般在動詞后加-ed;以e結尾的加-d,以輔音字母加y結尾的，變y為i加ed,以重

7、讀閉音節(jié)結尾的雙寫末尾的輔音字母加ed.特殊的動詞的過去式如take-took等要記憶。2 .哪些情況下用一般過去時1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, anhour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once 等。例如：？Where did you go just now?剛才你上哪兒去了？?2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如： ？When I was a child, I often played football in the street.? |我是個孩

8、子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。？Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.? |那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。？3）在時間狀語從句中，由 when引導從句的瞬間性動詞用一般過去時，主句常用過去進行時。I was watching TV when the rainstorm suddenly came.（ 瞬間性動詞）Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against

9、 the windows.（ 瞬間性 動詞）4）注意：情態(tài)動詞用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。？例如：?could, wouldCould you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？重點學習一下，used to / be used to ?used to + do :"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如： ？Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。？Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。？be used to + doing :對已感到習

10、慣，或"習慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。例如： ？He is used to a vegetarian diet.?Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習慣于散步了。?典型例題？Your phone number again? I quite catch it.?A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't?答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應用過去時。3 . 一般過去時的否定句和疑問句was, were

11、 的否定句直接在后面加not,疑問句把 was, were 提前。實意動詞的否定句在動詞原形的前面加didn't,疑問句在句首加Did后動詞還原。She was a teacher three years ago.She was not a teacher three years ago.Was she a teacher three years ago?I watched TV yesterday evening.I didn 't watch TV yesterday evening.Did you watch TV yesterday evening?三、一般將來時的用法

12、1 .一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。其表達形式“ will或shall +動詞原形”；表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事，或某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事，其表達形式be going to+ 動詞原形常用的時間狀語 tomorrow （morning/afternoon/evening） ; next year/month/weeka. Look at the clouds in the sky! It is going to rain. 要下雨 了。 （跡象）b. We are going to have a meeting today.我們今天要開個會。 （打算）C. We will have

13、a meeting next Sunday.（ 將來）2.在When, as soon as, if等引導的時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，時態(tài)是主將從現(xiàn)。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we have a meeting.如果你今天下午過來，我們將開個會。b. When I graduate, I' ll go to countryside.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.四、現(xiàn)在進行時1 .表示方法：am/is/are （助動詞）+v-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）否定句： am/

14、is/are +not+v-ing 疑問句：把am/is/are提到句首2 .現(xiàn)在分詞的構成般在動詞后力口 -ing 如： work - working , sleep - sleeping , study -studying ;以 e 結尾的去 e 力口 ing take -taking , make -making , dance -dancing ;重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加 -ing cut cutting put putting beginbeginning以-ie 結尾的動詞，把變成 y 再力口-ing lie lying tie tying die dying3 .現(xiàn)

15、在進行時的用法1）現(xiàn)在或當前一段時間內正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常用的時間狀語now,其它詞如：look, listen等。She is watering the flowers.Are they working now?They are listening to the teacher.2） always用在現(xiàn)在進行時中，表示表揚、批評、抱怨、責備等口吻。They are always comparing them with other children.He is always helping others when they are in trouble.3）有些動詞即趨向性動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時

16、表示將來。這些動詞是：come, go, leave, plan,等。I am leaving tomorrow.I am going to Singapore next week.五、過去進行時1. 表示方法： was/were （助動詞） +v-ing否定句：was/were+not+v-ing疑問句：把was/were提到句首1 .過去某一時刻或某一段正在進行的動作，常用的時間狀語his time yesterday, at ten o'clockyesterday, at that time , when he came back 等。.We were reading in c

17、lass this time yesterday2 .用于when, while引導的時間狀語從句中.I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.Aron's arm was caught under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.（延續(xù)性動詞）While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.Ben's dad was pu

18、tting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlightsand radio were working.六、現(xiàn)在完成時1 .現(xiàn)在完成時的表示方法：have/has (助動詞)+動詞的過去分詞否定句：have/has (助動詞)+not+動詞的過去分詞疑問句：把have/has提到句首。2 . 動詞的過去分詞的構成方法一般的和動詞的過去式的變化是一樣的，特殊的需要記憶。1. 過去發(fā)生或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常用的副詞或時間狀語already ， ?just ， ?bef

19、ore? ， never ， ever, for three years ， since 1990 ， these days2. 表示過去已經開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)I've already posted the letter.We have known each other for ten years.They lived here since 1997.Have you ever been to Beijing?3. have been to 與 have gone to 的區(qū)別have been to 表示去了某地已經回來了，have gone to 表示去了某地還沒有回來I

20、 m very tired because I have just been to London.-Where is Miss Smith?-She has gone to the library.練習一、用所給詞的適當形式填空：1. Heswimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2. Ityou are right. ( seem )3. Look, the children basketball on the playground. ( play )4. .Heto the radio when I came in, ( listen )

21、5. .It is very cold .I think it . ( rain )6. I need some paper . I some for you . ( bring )7. I can t find my pen . Who it? ( take )8. Imy bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )9. Hedown and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )10.Iwith you if I have time . ( go )11.We will go to the cinema if i

22、ttomorrow . (rain )1 2.I will tell her the news when sheto see me next week. (come)2 4.I will tell her the news when sheto see me next week. (come)15 . “ Wh_e_n youthe car ?” “ In 1998 .” ( buy )16 .Wegood friends since we met at school . ( be)17 .Whatyouat five yesterday afternoon ? (do)18 .The bik

23、e is nice . How much it? (cost)二、選擇最佳答案填空() 1.We ll go swimming if the weather fine tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be() 2. Itfive years since he has left for Beijing.A. wasB. have been C. is D. is going to be() 3. Please don t leave the office until your friendback.A. came B. comes

24、C. have come D. will come()4. I will tell him as soon as he backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came() 5. Mary on shoes when she them.A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies () 6. Listen ! Someonein the next room .A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried() 7.You must tell him th

25、e news as soon as youhim.A. seeB. seesC. will see D. is seeing() 8.Weto the Great Wall several times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been() 9. As shethe newspaper, Grannyasleep.A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell()10. He usually TV on Sunday evening.A.

26、watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching()11. We'll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed() 12. The Young Pioneer water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries() 13. Some are in the river and some are games.A. swimming playingB. sw

27、imming plaiingC. swimming I playingD. swimming plaing()14. Look ! The boy students are football while the girls are .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance() 15. He to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins()16. he on well w

28、ith his friends this term ?A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting()17. Mr Smith short stories, but he a TV play these days.A. is writing - is writing B. is writing- itewrC. writesis writing D. writes writes()18. you out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I .A. Did - went - went B. Did go wentC. Did went did D. Did go did()19. Jack on with his work or to have a rest?A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stoppe()20. He some cooking at