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1、無損檢測(cè)人員培訓(xùn)大綱NDE Personnel Training Program 編制: 日期:Prepared ByDate (NDE Level III) 審批: 日期:Reviewed Approved ByDate (QC Manager)Accepted By Date (AI) XXXXXX有限公司XXXX Co., Ltd RT Training Course射線檢測(cè)培訓(xùn)課程大綱培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容Contents of CourseTraining hours培訓(xùn)課時(shí)Level 級(jí)A類B類1Radiographic equipment operation and emergency ins
2、truction course射線透照設(shè)備的操作和應(yīng)急處理552Basic radiographic physics course射線透照基礎(chǔ)物理課20153Radiographic technique course射線透照的技術(shù)課1510Total 總計(jì)4030Level 級(jí)A類B類1Film quality and manufacturing processes course底片質(zhì)量和制造工藝課20152Radiographic evaluation and interpretation course射線底片的評(píng)定和解釋課2020Total 總計(jì)4035Note:注A- High scho
3、ol graduate or equivalent.A類:高中畢業(yè)或同等學(xué)歷。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B類:在理工科大學(xué)、學(xué)院或技術(shù)學(xué)校至少2年學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。Training Course for Level RTI RT-級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程I Radiographic Equipment Operating and Emergency Instruction
4、s course一、射線透照設(shè)備的操作和應(yīng)急處理1. Personnel monitoring 人員的監(jiān)測(cè)2. Survey instruments 監(jiān)測(cè)儀表3. Leak testing of sealed radioactive sources 密封輻射源的泄露檢測(cè)4. Radiation survey reports 輻射監(jiān)控報(bào)告5. Radiographic work practices 射線照相作業(yè)規(guī)則6. Exposure devices 曝光裝置7. Emergency Procedures 緊急處理程序8. Storage and shipment of exposed dev
5、ices and sources 放射性裝置和射線源的儲(chǔ)存和裝運(yùn)II Basic Radiographic Physics Course二、射線透照基礎(chǔ)物理課1. Introduction 介紹2. Fundamental properties of matter 物質(zhì)的基本性質(zhì)3. Radioactive materials 放射性材料4. Types of radiation 輻射的類型5. Interaction of radiation with matter 射線與物質(zhì)的相互作用6. Biological effects of radiation 輻射的生物效應(yīng)7. Radiogra
6、phic Examination 射線檢測(cè)8. Exposure devices and radiation sources 曝光裝置和射線源1) Radioisotope sources放射性同位素2) Radioisotope exposure device characteristics放射性同位素曝光裝置特性3) Electronic radiation sources-500KeV and less, low-energy 500 KeV的低能量電子輻射源4) Electronic radiation sources-medium, and high energy 中、高能量的電子輻
7、射源5) Screen to observe the radiation source觀察輻射源的熒光屏III Radiographic Technique Course三、射線透照的技術(shù)課1. Introduction 介紹2. Basic principles of radiography 射線透照的基本原理1) Geometric exposure principles 曝光的幾何原理2) Radiographic intensifying screens射線透照用增感屏3) Radiographic cassettes膠片暗盒4) Composition of industrial r
8、adiographic film工業(yè)射線膠片的構(gòu)成5) The “heel effect” with X-ray tubes X射線的傾斜效應(yīng)3. Radiographs 射線透照1) Formation of the latent image on film底片上潛影的形成2) Inherent unsharpness 固有不清晰度3) Arithmetic of radiographic exposure 射線曝光的計(jì)算4) Characteristic (H and D) curve曝光曲線5) Film speed and class descriptions 膠片的感光速度和分類6)
9、 Selection of film for particular purpose 特殊用途膠片4. Radiographic image quality 射線透照影像質(zhì)量1) Radiographic sensitivity射線照相靈敏度2) Radiographic contrast 射線照相對(duì)比度3) Film contrast 膠片對(duì)比度4) Subject contrast 被檢件的對(duì)比度5) Definition 清晰度6) Film graininess and screen mottle effects 膠片顆粒度和增感屏的斑點(diǎn)7) Penetrometers 像質(zhì)計(jì)5. Fi
10、lm handing, loading, and processing 膠片取放、拆裝和處理6. Exposure techniques-radiography 射線透照和曝光技術(shù)1) Single wall radiography 單壁射線照相2) Double wall radiography 雙壁射線照相 、Viewing two walls simultaneously雙壁雙影法 、Offset double-wall exposure single-wall viewing 雙壁單影法 、Elliptical techniques 橢圓技術(shù)3) Panoramic radiograp
11、hy 全景射線照相4) Use of multiple-film loading 使用多膠片法5) Specimen configuration 透照排列配置的實(shí)例7. Fluoroscopic techniques 熒光屏觀察技術(shù)Training Course for Level RTRT-級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程I Film Quality and Manufacturing Processes Course一、底片質(zhì)量和制造工藝課1. Review of basic radiographic principles 射線透照基本原理的復(fù)習(xí)2. Darkroom facilities, techni
12、ques and processing 暗室設(shè)施、技術(shù)和底片處理1) Facilities and equipment 設(shè)施和設(shè)備2) Film loading 膠片的拆裝3) Protection of radiographic film in storage 儲(chǔ)存膠片的保護(hù)4) Processing of film-manual 底片手工處理a. Developer and replenishment 顯影液及其補(bǔ)給b. Stop bath 停顯液c. Fixer and replenishment 定影液及其補(bǔ)給d. Washing 沖洗e. Prevention of water sp
13、ots 水漬的預(yù)防f. Drying 干燥5) Automatic film processing 底片的自動(dòng)處理6) Film filing and storage 底片的歸檔和儲(chǔ)存7) Unsatisfactory radiographs-causes and cures 不合格底片產(chǎn)生的原因及糾正方法a. High film density 黑度過高b. Insufficient film density 黑度不足c. High contrast 對(duì)比度過高d. Low contrast 對(duì)比度不足e. Poor definition 清晰度不足f. Fog 灰霧g. Light lea
14、ks 漏光h. Artificial 人為缺陷8) Film density 底片的黑度a. Step wedge comparison film 階梯試塊黑度比較片b. Densitometers 黑度計(jì)3. Indications, discontinuities, and defects 顯示和缺陷1) Indications 顯示2) Discontinuities 不連續(xù)性a. Inherent 本身固有的b. Processing 加工過程造成的c. Service 使用中產(chǎn)生的3) Defects 缺陷4. Manufacturing Processes and associat
15、ed Discontinuities 制造工藝及由此產(chǎn)生的不連續(xù)1) Casting processes and associated discontinuities 鑄造工藝及由此產(chǎn)生的不連續(xù)2) Wrought processes and associated discontinuities 鍛造工藝及由此產(chǎn)生的不連續(xù)3) Welding processes and associated discontinuities 焊接工藝及由此產(chǎn)生的不連續(xù)a) Submerged arc welding (SAW) 埋弧焊b) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 手工
16、電弧焊c) Gas metal arc welding(GMAW)熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊d) Flux corded arc welding(FCAW)藥芯焊絲電弧焊e) Gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)鎢極氣體保護(hù)電弧焊f) Resistance welding 電阻焊g) Special welding processes-electron beam, electroslag , electrogas , etc 特殊焊接方法,電子束焊,電渣焊5. Radiological safety principles review 輻射安全防護(hù)的復(fù)習(xí)II Radiograph
17、ic Evaluation and Interpretation course二、射線底片的評(píng)定和解釋課1. Radiographic Viewing 射線透照底片的觀察1) Film-illuminator requirements 評(píng)定照明裝置的要求2) Background lighting 背景照明3) Multiple-composite requirements 綜合觀察4) Penetrometer placement 透度計(jì)(或像質(zhì)計(jì))的放置5) Personnel dark adaptation and cisual acuity 6) Film identification
18、 底片的辨認(rèn)7) Location markers 標(biāo)記的位置8) Film-density measurement 底片黑度的測(cè)定9) Film artifacts 膠片的偽缺陷2. Application techniques 使用的技術(shù)1) Multiple-film techniques 多膠片法a. Thickness variation parameters 厚度改變參數(shù)b. Film speed 膠片的感光速度c. Film latitude 膠片曝光的時(shí)限2) Enlargement and projection 放大和投影3) Geometrical relationship
19、 幾何關(guān)系a. Geometrical unsharpness 幾何不清晰度b. Penetrometer sensitivity 透度計(jì)(像質(zhì)計(jì))靈敏度c. Source-to-film distance 射線源至膠片的距離d. Focal spot size 焦點(diǎn)尺寸3. Evaluation of castings 鑄件底片的評(píng)定4. Evaluation of weldments 焊件底片的評(píng)定1) Welding method review 焊接方法的復(fù)習(xí)2) Welding discontinuities 焊接產(chǎn)生的不連續(xù)性3) Origin and typical orienta
20、tion of discontinuities 不連續(xù)形成的原因和典型部位4) Radiographic appearance 射線底片的顯示5) Welding codes/standards-applicable acceptance criteria 使用的合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-焊接規(guī)程/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6) Reference radiographs or pictograms 參考的射線底片5. Standards, codes and procedures for radiography 射線透照的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和規(guī)程1) Acceptable radiographic techniques and equi
21、pment 適用的射線透照方法和設(shè)備2) Procedure for radiograph parameter Verification 射線透照工藝參數(shù)的驗(yàn)證規(guī)程3) Radiographic reports 評(píng)片報(bào)告Training Course for Level RTRT- 級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程1. Principles/Theory 原理/理論1) Nature of penetrating radiation 穿透輻射的性質(zhì)2) Interaction between penetrating radiation and matter穿透輻射與物質(zhì)的相互作用3) Radiography
22、射線透照a. Imaging by film 膠片的成像b. Imaging by fluorescent materials 熒光材料的成像c. Imaging by electronic devices 電子裝置的成像4) Radiometry 輻射測(cè)量2. Equipment/Material 設(shè)備、材料1) Electrically generated sources 電離射線源a. X-ray sources X射線源2) Particulate radiation sources 粒子輻射源3) Radiation detectors 輻射探測(cè)器a. Imaging 影像b. No
23、nimaging devices 非影像裝置 4) Gamma 伽馬源3. Techniques/Calibrations 技術(shù)/校準(zhǔn)1) Imaging considerations成像因素考慮a. Sensitivity 靈敏度b. Contrast and Definition 對(duì)比度和清晰度c. Geometric factors 幾何因素d. Intensifying screens 增感屏e. Scattered radiation 散射的輻射f. Sources factors 源的因素g. Detection media 檢測(cè)介質(zhì)h. Exposures curves 曝光曲線
24、2) Film processing 膠片處理過程a. Darkroom procedures 暗室工藝b. Darkroom equipment and chemicals 暗室的設(shè)備和化學(xué)物質(zhì)c. Film processing 膠片處理程序3) Viewing of radiographs 底片的觀察4) Judging of radiographic quality 射線底片質(zhì)量評(píng)定a. Density 黑度b. Contrast 對(duì)比度c. Definition 清晰度d. Artificial 人為缺陷e. IQIs 像質(zhì)計(jì)f. Causes and correction of u
25、nsatisfactory radiographs 不合格射線底片產(chǎn)生的原因及糾正5) Exposure calculations 曝光量的計(jì)算6) Radiographic techniques 射線照相技術(shù)4. Interpretation/Evaluation 解釋/評(píng)定5. Procedures 規(guī)程6. Safety and Health 安全與健康PT Training Course滲透檢測(cè)培訓(xùn)課程大綱Training hours培訓(xùn)課時(shí)A類B類Level 級(jí)44Level 級(jí)84Note:注A-High school graduate or equivalent.A類:高中畢業(yè)或
26、同等學(xué)歷。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B類:在理工科大學(xué)、學(xué)院或技術(shù)學(xué)校至少2年學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。Training Course for Level PTPT-級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程1. Introduction 介紹1) Brief history of nondestructive testing and liquid penetrant testing NDE和PT
27、簡(jiǎn)史2) Purpose of liquid penetrant testing PT的目的3) Basic principles of liquid penetrant testing PT的基本原理4) Types of liquid penetrant commercially Available 工業(yè)用滲透劑的種類5) Method of personnel qualification 人員資格評(píng)定的方法2. Liquid penetrant processing 滲透檢測(cè)的工藝過程1) Preparation of parts 工件的準(zhǔn)備2) Adequate lighting 適當(dāng)
28、的照明3) Application of penetrant to parts 在工件上施噴滲透劑4) Removal of surface penetrant 表面滲透劑的去除5) Developer application and drying 噴灑顯像劑并干燥6) Inspection and evaluation 檢驗(yàn)和評(píng)定7) Post cleaning 后清洗3. Various penetrant testing methods 各種滲透檢測(cè)方法1) Current ASTM and ASME standards ASTM E1208,1209,1210 現(xiàn)行的ASTM和ASME
29、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法ASTM E1208、1209、12102) Characteristics of each methods 每種方法的特點(diǎn)3) General application of each method 每種方法的常規(guī)運(yùn)用4. Liquid penetrant testing equipment 滲透檢測(cè)設(shè)備1) Liquid penetrant testing units 滲透檢測(cè)裝置2) Lighting for liquid penetrant testing equipment and light meter 滲透檢測(cè)設(shè)備的照明及照度計(jì)3) Materials for liquid
30、 penetrant 滲透檢測(cè)材料4) Precautions in liquid penetrant inspection 滲透檢測(cè)中的注意事項(xiàng)Training Course for Level PTPT-級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程1. Review 復(fù)習(xí)1) Basic principles 基本原理2) Process of various methods 各種方法的工藝3) Equipment 設(shè)備2. Selection of the appropriate penetrant testing method 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臐B透檢測(cè)方法1) Advantages of various methods
31、 各種方法的缺陷2) Disadvantages of various methods 各種方法的缺點(diǎn)3. Inspection and evaluation of indications 顯示的檢驗(yàn)和評(píng)定3.1 General 概述 1)Discontinuities inherent in various materials 各種材料固有的不連續(xù)性 2)Reason for indications 顯示的原因 3)Appearance for indications 顯示的現(xiàn)象 4)Time for indications to appear 顯示出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間 5)persistence o
32、f indications 顯示的持久性6) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV ) 溫度和照明的影響7) Effects of metal smearing operations (shot peening, machining, etc.)金屬表面工藝處理的影響(拋丸硬化、機(jī)械加工等)8)Preferred sequence for penetrant inspection 滲透檢測(cè)的首選順序9)Part preparation(precleaning, stripping, etc.) 工件的準(zhǔn)備(預(yù)清洗、打磨等)3.2 Fa
33、ctors affecting indications 影像顯示的因素 1) Pre-cleaning 預(yù)清洗2)Penetrant used 滲透劑的使用 3)Prior processing 預(yù)先的表面處理 4)Technique used 使用的技術(shù)3.3 Indications from cracks 由裂紋形成的顯示 1)Cracks occurring during solidification 結(jié)晶過程中產(chǎn)生的裂紋 2)Cracks occurring during processing 在加工過程中產(chǎn)生的裂紋 3)Cracks occurring during service
34、在使用過程中產(chǎn)生的裂紋3.4 Indications from porosity 由氣孔形成的顯示3.5 Indications from specific material forms 由特定材料形成的顯示 1)Forging 鍛件 2)Castings 鑄件 3)Plate 板材 3)Welds 焊縫 4)Extrusions 擠壓制品3.6 Evaluation of indications 顯示的評(píng)定 1)True indications 真實(shí)的顯示 2)False indications 偽顯示 3)Relevant indications 相關(guān)顯示 4)Uncorrelated i
35、ndications 非相關(guān)顯示 5)Process control 過程控制 a. Controlling process variables 控制過程的可變因素 b. Testing and maintenance materials 材料的檢測(cè)和維護(hù)4. Inspection procedures and standards 檢測(cè)的規(guī)程和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4.1 Inspection procedures(minimum requirements) 檢測(cè)規(guī)程(最低要求)4.2 Standards/codes 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/法規(guī)1) Applicable methods/procedures 適用的方法/工藝2
36、) Acceptance criteria 驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5. Basic Methods of Instruction 指示的基本方法Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Level topical Outline液體滲透檢測(cè)方法級(jí)課程提綱1. Principles/Theory 原理/理論1.1 Principles of liquid penetrant process 液體滲透程序的原理1) Process variables 程序可變性2) Effects of test object factors on process 試驗(yàn)物體在處理過程中的因素效應(yīng)1.2 T
37、heory 理論1) Physics of how penetrants work 滲透檢驗(yàn)物理原理2) Control and measurement of penetrant process variables 滲透過程易變因素的控制及測(cè)量a. Surface tension, viscosity and capillary entrapment 表面張力,粘度及毛細(xì)管形成b. Measurement of penetrability, Washability and emulsification 滲透能力,清洗及乳化能力的測(cè)量c. Contrast, brightness and flu
38、orescence 對(duì)比度,亮度和熒光d. Contamination of materials 材料污染e. Proper selection of penetrant levels for different testing(sensitivity) 對(duì)不同檢測(cè)方法中靈敏度的要求,正確選擇滲透劑的級(jí)別1.3 Proper selection of PT as method of choice 當(dāng)選擇方法時(shí),適當(dāng)選擇PT方法1) Difference between PT and other methods PT與其它方法的區(qū)別2) Complimentary roles of PT and
39、 other methods PT與其它方法的互補(bǔ)的作用3) Potential for conflicting results between methods 方法間的不一致結(jié)果可能性4) Factors that qualify/disqualify the use of PT 限制/不限制PT應(yīng)用的因素5) Selection of PT technique PT工藝的選擇1.4 Liquid penetrant processing 液體滲透的檢測(cè)過程1) Preparation of parts 工件準(zhǔn)備2) Application of penetrants to parts 對(duì)工
40、件施加滲透劑3) Removal of surface penetrants 去除表面滲透劑4) Developer application and drying 施加顯像劑和干燥5) Evaluation 評(píng)定6) Post cleaning 后清洗7) Precautions 注意點(diǎn)2. Equipment/Materials 設(shè)備/材料2.1 Liquid penetrant test units 滲透檢測(cè)設(shè)備2.2 Methods of measurement 液體滲透檢測(cè)的照明1) White light intensity 白光強(qiáng)度2) Black (UV) light inten
41、sity,warm-up time etc 黑光(熒光)強(qiáng)度,預(yù)熱時(shí)間等3) Physics and physiological differences 物理與生理的差別2.3 Lighting for liquid penetrant testing 液體滲透檢測(cè)的材料1) Solvent removable 溶劑可去除的滲透材料2) Water-washable 可水洗的滲透材料3) Post emulsifiable 預(yù)乳化a. Water base(hydrophilic) 水基(親水性的)b. Oil base(lipophilic) 油基(親脂性)2.4 Testing and m
42、aintenance of materials 檢測(cè)和材料保養(yǎng)3. Interpretation/Evaluation 解釋、評(píng)定3.1 General 概述1) Appearance of penetrant indications 滲透劑顯示的出現(xiàn)2) Persistence of indications 顯示的持久性3.2 Factor affecting indications 影像顯示的因素1) Preferred sequence for penetrant inspection 滲透檢測(cè)的優(yōu)先順序2) Part preparation (precleaning , strippi
43、ng, ect) 工件的準(zhǔn)備(預(yù)清洗、打磨等)3) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV) 環(huán)境(燈光、溫度等)4) Effects of metal smearing operations (shot peening, machining, etc)金屬表面工藝處理的影響(拋丸硬化、及加工等)3.3 Indications from discontinuities 不連續(xù)性(缺陷)的顯示1) Metallic materials 金屬材料2) Nonmetallic materials 非金屬材料 3.4 Relevant and
44、uncorrelated indications 相關(guān)和非相關(guān)顯示1) True indications 真顯示2) False indications 偽顯示4. Procedures 規(guī)程5. Safety and Health 安全與健康5.1 Toxicity 毒性5.2 Flammability 易燃性5.3 Precautions for ultraviolet radiation 紫外線照射的防護(hù)5.4 MSDS 材料安全性數(shù)據(jù)表MT Training Course 磁粉檢測(cè)培訓(xùn)課程大綱Training hours培訓(xùn)課時(shí)A類B類Level 級(jí)128Level 級(jí)84Note:注
45、A-High school graduate or equivalent.A類:高中畢業(yè)或同等學(xué)歷。B-Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.B類:在理工科大學(xué)、學(xué)院或技術(shù)學(xué)校至少2年學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。Training Course for Level MTMT- 級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程1. Principles of magnets and magnetic fields 磁體和磁場(chǎng)
46、原理1) Theory of magnetic fields 磁場(chǎng)理論a. Earths magnetic field 地球磁場(chǎng)b. Magnetic fields around magnetized materials 磁場(chǎng)周圍被磁化的材料2) Theory of magnetism 磁學(xué)理論a. Magnetic poles 磁極b. Low of magnetism 磁場(chǎng)定律c. Materials influenced by magnetic field 受磁場(chǎng)影響的順磁性材料d. Magnetic characteristics of nonferrous materials 非鐵磁
47、性材料的磁特性3) Terminology associated with magnetic particle testing 與磁粉檢測(cè)有關(guān)的術(shù)語2. Characteristics of magnetic 磁場(chǎng)的特性1) Bar magnet 棒形磁體2) Ring magnet 環(huán)形磁體3. Effect of discontinuities of materials 材料不連續(xù)性的影響1) Surface cracks 表面裂紋2) Scratches 刮傷3) Subsurface defects 近表面缺陷4. Magnetization by means of electric
48、Current 用電流進(jìn)行磁化的方法1) Circular field 周向磁場(chǎng)a. Field around a straight conductor 直導(dǎo)體周圍的磁場(chǎng)b. Right-hand rule 右手定則c. Field in parts through which current floes 通電零件內(nèi)的磁場(chǎng)d. Methods of inducing current flow in parts 工件中產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流的方法 e. Discontinuities commonly discovered by circular fields 周向磁場(chǎng)檢測(cè)中常見的不連續(xù)性2) Longi
49、tudinal field 縱向磁場(chǎng)a. Field produced by current flow in a coil 線圈通電產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)b. Field direction in a current-carrying coil 通電線圈的磁場(chǎng)方向c. Field strength in a current-carrying coil 通電線圈的磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度d. Discontinuities commonly discovered by longitudinal fields 縱向磁場(chǎng)檢測(cè)中常見的不連續(xù)性e. Advantages of longitudinal magnetization
50、縱向磁化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)f. Disadvantages of longitudinal magnetization 縱向磁化的缺點(diǎn)5. Selecting the proper method of Magnetization 選擇合適的磁化方法1) Alloy, shape, and condition of part 工件的合金成分、形狀和狀態(tài)2) Type of magnetizing current 磁化電流的類型3) Direction of magnetic field 磁場(chǎng)的方向4) Sequence of operations 操作程序5) Value of flux density 磁
51、通密度值6. Inspection materials 檢測(cè)介質(zhì)1) Wet particles 濕磁粉2) Dry particles 干磁粉7. Principles of demagnetization 退磁原理1) Residual magnetism 剩磁2) Reasons for requiring demagnetization 需要退磁的原因3) Longitudinal and circular residual Fields 縱向和周向剩余磁場(chǎng)4) Basic principles of demagnetization 退磁的基本原理5) Retentivity and
52、coercive force 頑磁性和矯頑力6) Methods of demagnetization 退磁的方法8. Magnetic particle testing equipment 磁粉檢測(cè)的方法1) Equipment-selection considerations 選擇設(shè)備考慮的因素a. Type of magnetizing current 磁化電流的類型b. Location and nature of test 檢測(cè)部位和性質(zhì)c. Test materials used 檢測(cè)用材料d. d. Purpose of test 檢測(cè)的目的e. Area inspected 檢
53、測(cè)的面積2) Manual inspection equipment 手提式檢測(cè)設(shè)備3) Stationary equipment 固定式檢測(cè)設(shè)備4) Medium-and heavy-duty equipment 大、中型檢測(cè)設(shè)備5) Mechanized inspection equipment 機(jī)械化檢測(cè)設(shè)備9. Types of discontinuities detected by magnetic particle testing 磁粉檢測(cè)中不連續(xù)性的種類1) Inclusions 夾雜2) Blowholes and porosity 砂眼和氣孔3) Flakes, cracks
54、 發(fā)裂、裂紋4) Pipes, laminations and laps 縮孔和分層5) Forging bursts 折疊6) Voids 孔穴10. Magnetic particle test indications and Interpretations 磁粉檢測(cè)的磁痕評(píng)定1) Relevant indications 相關(guān)顯示a. Indications of nonmetallic inclusions 非金屬夾雜的磁痕b. Indications of surface seams 表面裂縫的磁痕c. Indications of cracks, bursts and flakes 發(fā)裂和裂紋的磁痕d. Indications of laminations, laps and porosity 縮孔和分層的磁痕2) Nonrelevant indications 非相關(guān)顯示Training Course for Level MTMT- 級(jí)人員的培訓(xùn)課程1. Principles 原理1) Theory 理論2) Magnets and magnetism 磁體和磁性2. Flux fields 磁場(chǎng)1) Direct cur
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