云南省2021年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二篇語法突破篇語法專題07動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

1、語法專題（七）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞和v.-ing形式的構(gòu)成。（2）動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法。（3）動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法。（4）動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的用法。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）結(jié)構(gòu):當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（2）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下:【話題點(diǎn)睛】 一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞后直接加-s。如:workworks。以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先變y為i,再加es。如:carrycarries; crycries; trytr

2、ies; studystudies。以s,x,o,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加-es。如:washwashes; teachteaches; gogoes; passpasses; fixfixes。特殊:havehas; beis。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（3）用法:表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語連用。I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七點(diǎn)

3、去上學(xué)。表示普遍真理和客觀事實(shí)。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中表示將來。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我媽媽有空的話,我將和她去購物。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問句和否定句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)1.一般過去時(shí)的用法及標(biāo)志詞一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)檫^去式,常與yesterday, last week, two d

4、ays ago, in 1988等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中有什么困難嗎?Were most people too busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人忙著謀生嗎? Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863.直到1863年現(xiàn)代足球才成為官方運(yùn)動(dòng)。2.一般過去時(shí)的疑問句和否定句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)【話題點(diǎn)睛】 動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則:（1）一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed。如:watchwatched。（

5、2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加d。如:livelived。（3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i再加ed。如:studystudied; carrycarried; crycried。（4）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加ed。如:stopstopped; planplanned; preferpreferred。（5）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三一般將來時(shí)1.一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）結(jié)構(gòu):“助動(dòng)詞shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形”或“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”。（2）用法:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或未來的狀態(tài),常用的時(shí)間狀語

6、有 later （on）, soon, in a month （in+時(shí)間段）, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就18歲了。表示某種必然的趨勢(shì)。Fish will die without water. 沒有水,魚就會(huì)死。 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)【注意】 will引導(dǎo)的將來時(shí),表示事情沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮而即將發(fā)生;be going to引導(dǎo)的將來時(shí),表示事情經(jīng)過事先計(jì)劃、考慮、打算而即將發(fā)生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他們將抵

7、達(dá)這里。Im going to see a film this afternoon.今天下午我要去看電影。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Dont worry.You wont be late.不用擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)遲到的。Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京嗎?Who is going to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰打掃教室了?2.一般將來時(shí)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)四過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）結(jié)構(gòu): “would+動(dòng)詞原形”或“was/were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”。（2）用法:表示從過去的

8、某一時(shí)刻看,將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔說第二年會(huì)有一個(gè)好收成?！咀⒁狻?在由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,如果主句用過去將來時(shí),那么if從句需用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。If you asked Lily for help, she would never refuse you.過去如果你請(qǐng)莉莉幫忙,她絕不會(huì)拒絕。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）結(jié)構(gòu): am/is/are+v.-ing形式（2）用法:表示目前正在發(fā)生（進(jìn)行）的動(dòng)作（不指狀態(tài)）,常

9、用的時(shí)間狀語有 now, at the moment 等。當(dāng)有l(wèi)ook, listen等起提示作用的詞時(shí),后面的句子常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你現(xiàn)在正在給你的朋友寫信嗎?Listen! She is singing in the next room.聽!她正在隔壁唱歌。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,但此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We are planting trees these days.這些天我們?cè)谥矘?。表示位移的?dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí),表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。此類詞有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常

10、與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.他們明天下午要去英格蘭。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Mary is listening to music in the next room now. 瑪麗現(xiàn)在正在隔壁聽音樂。Jack isnt playing football now.杰克現(xiàn)在沒有踢足球。Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 邁克現(xiàn)在在屋里彈鋼琴嗎?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)【話題點(diǎn)睛】 v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則:（1）一般直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing。如:pl

11、ayplaying。（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去e加ing。如:comecoming; makemaking; liveliving。（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加ing。如:runrunning; sitsitting; beginbeginning。 （4）特殊:diedying; lielying; tietying。（5）以下v.-ing形式不需要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:listenlistening; visitvisiting; openopening。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法（1）結(jié)構(gòu): was/we

12、re+v.-ing形式（2）用法:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某一時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Toms father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.湯姆的爸爸騎自行車時(shí)摔倒了,弄傷了自己。（3）常用的時(shí)間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, at 7:00 last evening等。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十點(diǎn)鐘在做什么? They were building

13、a large house last week.上周他們一直在建造一所大房子。（過去某階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)I wasnt trying to annoy you. 我沒想要讓你煩惱。Were you working all weekend? 你整個(gè)周末都在工作嗎?2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（過去分詞的變化規(guī)則基本與過去式的變化規(guī)則相同,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞需單獨(dú)記憶）2.用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與just, already, yet, recently, b

14、efore, ever, never, twice, three times等連用。I the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（現(xiàn)在我知道電影的內(nèi)容了）have seen動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,“since+從句（一般過去時(shí)）”,“for+時(shí)間段”及how long, ever since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等連用。Weve planted thousands of trees in

15、 the past few years. 在過去幾年中,我們種了成千上萬棵樹。So far there no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒有什么壞消息。（3）一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去發(fā)生過某事或關(guān)注的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,因此,若不強(qiáng)調(diào)某事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響就不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)電影是昨天看的）I have already seen the film. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止看過這部電影了）has been動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（4

16、）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,如果有表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語,則要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。I have had the book for two days.這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。（用had而不用bought）I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已經(jīng)來東京兩周了。（用been in而不用come to）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp.have becomehave be

17、en have got uphave been uphave died have left sp. have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleephave finished/ended/completed have marriedhave been married have begun have been deadhave been away from sphave been overhave been on動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)have kept動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)八過去完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu):had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 2.用法（1）表示過去的某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

18、或存在的狀態(tài),也就是“過去的過去”,常以by, before短語或when, before, after, until等引導(dǎo)的從句作為前提。My teacher said she had never been to London. 我的老師說她從來沒去過倫敦。When the police arrived, the thieves . 當(dāng)警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們已經(jīng)逃跑了。（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一樣,過去完成時(shí)也常與 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。When Jack arrived,

19、he learned Mary for almost an hour. 當(dāng)杰克到達(dá)時(shí),他得知瑪麗已經(jīng)離開差不多一個(gè)小時(shí)了。 had run awayhad been away動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（2）一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（3）一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): will/shall/be going to+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): have/has+been+動(dòng)詞

20、的過去分詞（6）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was/were+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（7）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):had been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（8）過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):would be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（9）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)（10）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式,在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號(hào)to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要還原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):A stranger was seen into the building （by someone）. 有人看見一個(gè)陌生人走進(jìn)了這座樓。to walk動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)二某些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語中有很多動(dòng)詞,如 break, catch, clean, dri