含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式(共11頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式 所謂即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語(yǔ)中的一類條件句，其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下：1. I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我會(huì)給她寫(xiě)信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied

2、harder, you)2. Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed this time, what would)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一個(gè)人單獨(dú)在黑暗中行走，瑪麗會(huì)感到十分害怕。(If

3、 Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。(=If it hadnt been for your help, we)In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情況下，我就會(huì)同意了。(=If circumstances had been different, I would)4. Any person who had behav

4、ed in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人這樣做了都會(huì)被開(kāi)除。(=If any person should behave in that way, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你就見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 將條件隱含在某些連詞中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn

5、t have believed him. 我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就會(huì)同你一道去了。(other wise=if I were not so busy)6. 將條件隱含在定語(yǔ)從句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看過(guò)那畫(huà)的人，都可能把它看成

6、是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)7. 將條件隱含在一定的上下文中You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。(=If you wanted to, you might)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long 一 般完 成進(jìn) 行完 成 進(jìn) 行現(xiàn) 在現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)do現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ha

7、ve done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have been doing過(guò) 去過(guò)去一般時(shí)did過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was doing過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將 來(lái)將來(lái)一般時(shí)will do將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)would do過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing 一、英語(yǔ)中，的形式有兩類：一類是：名詞或代詞跟形容詞、

8、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起，構(gòu)成。另一類是：介詞with / without后接名詞或代詞再跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起，構(gòu)成。A. 名詞或代詞 +形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式。如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢(qián)。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在李蕾來(lái)了，魏方明天到。2. 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞。如：The bus coming here soon, we s

9、hould get everything ready. 汽車(chē)很快就要來(lái)了，我們應(yīng)該把一切事情準(zhǔn)備好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。3. 名詞 / 代詞 + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗來(lái)代替。4. 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面濘泥，我們應(yīng)該小心。5. 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞。如：The class over, we all went

10、out to play. 下課后，我們都出去玩。6. 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)。如(from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡，他問(wèn)他的眼鏡哪去了。 B. 介詞with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 形容詞He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含著食物跟我們說(shuō)話。2. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 副詞He left the

11、office with the lights on. 他離開(kāi)了辦公室，讓燈亮著。3. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那個(gè)工程師手里拿著筆記本過(guò)來(lái)了。4. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + -ing分詞Dont brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙時(shí)讓水流著。5. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式With so much work to do, the manager felt ver

12、y worried. 這么多工作要做，經(jīng)理覺(jué)得很焦急。6. with / without + 名詞或代詞 + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(from )With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵，他們不得不轉(zhuǎn)身從另一條路繞過(guò)去。  二、在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)School over, the students went home. 放學(xué)后，學(xué)生們都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games bega

13、n. 儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開(kāi)始了。2. 作條件狀語(yǔ)It being fine tomorrow, well go boating. 如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來(lái)的話，就沒(méi)有必要叫吳東了。 3. 作原因狀語(yǔ)The meeting being put off, we neednt hurry. 由于會(huì)議推遲了，我們就沒(méi)有必要匆忙了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老師病了，楊老師將代他來(lái)給我們

14、上這堂課。4. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Mr. Li comes here, with a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿著書(shū)過(guò)來(lái)了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面帶微笑問(wèn)道我們要什么。 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的比較 一、基本用法區(qū)別當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來(lái)或全過(guò)程) 或現(xiàn)在分詞(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài)) ；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。He asked us to come here early the next

15、 day. 他叫我們第二天來(lái)早點(diǎn)。(未來(lái)) We saw him enter the room. 我們看到他進(jìn)了那個(gè)房間。(全過(guò)程) We saw him talking to her. 我們看到他在與她談話。(正在進(jìn)行) She kept us waiting here for an hour. 她讓我們?cè)谶@等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。(一直處于某種狀態(tài)) I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看到他被湯姆打了。(him與beaten是被動(dòng)關(guān)系) 二、幾點(diǎn)注意說(shuō)明(1) 通常用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，常見(jiàn)的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage,

16、wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer 等表示勸請(qǐng)、要求類動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(2) 在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。如：He helped me (to) clean the room. 他幫我清掃房間。(3) 在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb

17、. to do sth. 。譯：我建議他不去那里。誤：I suggested him not to go there. 正：I suggested that he should not go there. 正：I advised him not to go there. (4) want, wish 等后接 to be done 作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，to be 可省略，直接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。如：When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么時(shí)候完成？(5) 在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶 to。在使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have 后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓

18、補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。如：They made Paul study English. 他們強(qiáng)迫保羅學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Paul was made to study English. 保羅被迫學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(6) 感官動(dòng)詞feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是時(shí)，用不帶to的(在被動(dòng)式后作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加to) 不定式(全過(guò)程) 或者現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(正在發(fā)生) ，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系是時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞作。(7) 在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用過(guò)去分詞，表示賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)

19、完成或；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行；若用帶to的不定式，則表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，賓語(yǔ)與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動(dòng)關(guān)系也可以是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，注意此時(shí)的不定式不是作賓補(bǔ)而是作賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)了。如()：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 殺人犯被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的手是被捆在背后的。I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on. 由于吵聲不斷我做不了作業(yè)。With a lot of difficult problems

20、to settle, I have no time to have a rest. 由于有許多問(wèn)題要處理，我沒(méi)時(shí)間休息。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可用作哪些成分 本站特約作者 陳根花 名詞所有格或物主代詞后加動(dòng)名詞，即構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞屬格或物主代詞是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可用作以下成分：一、用作主語(yǔ)。如：His saying he is sorry alters the case. 他的道歉使情況改變了。His behaving like that is strange. 他這樣的表現(xiàn)是很奇怪的。His saying he is sorry a

21、lters the case. 他的道歉使情況改變了。Your denying everything will get you nowhere. 你否認(rèn)一切將是辦不到的。 late delayed our departure. 她來(lái)晚了，延誤了我們的出發(fā)時(shí)間。His knowing I had returned home unexpectedly is strange. 他竟知道我突然回家，真是件怪事。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其名詞或代詞一般要用，但在口語(yǔ)中偶爾也有用名詞普通格和代詞賓語(yǔ)的情況。如()：My daughter staying up so late worried m

22、e. 我的女兒睡得很晚令我擔(dān)心。Today being Saturday rather complicates matters. 今天是星期六反而把事情復(fù)雜化了。二、用作賓語(yǔ)。如：I like him / the guitar. 我喜歡他彈吉它。I must insist on him / his paying. 我一定堅(jiān)持他付錢(qián)。He disliked me / my working late. 他不喜歡我工作到很晚。I suggested his sending it to Tagore. 我建議他把它寄給泰戈?duì)枴 severe cold prevented his attending

23、the meeting. 重感冒使他未能來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。I object to people / him / his smoking in restaurants. 我反對(duì)人們 / 他在飯店里吸煙。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式 一、基本方法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的通常是就在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前加 not 或 never。如:Try not to make a noise. 盡量別弄出聲來(lái)。He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子們不要在街上玩耍。He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time.

24、他因沒(méi)能按時(shí)到來(lái)而道歉。I told him not to make a mess in the kitchen. 我叫他不要把廚房弄得亂七八槽。Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作沒(méi)干完他不能離開(kāi)辦公室。Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 我沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，所以說(shuō)不出他的模樣。Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她沒(méi)收到他的們，就決定

25、再給他寫(xiě)一封。二、注意之點(diǎn)當(dāng)前面有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在邏輯主語(yǔ)與之間。如：Im surprised at your not having noticed. 我對(duì)你沒(méi)有注意到感到驚奇。Jennys not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 詹尼未被培養(yǎng)成一名舞蹈演員，是她的一件憾事。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要句式歸納why not句式 why not后習(xí)慣上接動(dòng)詞原形，不能接帶to不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞，主要用于表示同意、贊成、勸誘等，其意為“為什么不呢”。如：A：May I go with you? 我可以和你一起去嗎?B：

26、Why not? 可以呀。Why not try again?干嘛不再試呢?Why not use both? 何不兩者都用?Why not ask someone else? 問(wèn)問(wèn)別人怎么樣?But why not write him from Lisbon? 干嗎不從里斯本給他寫(xiě)信? meet and discuss it? 我們碰個(gè)頭討論一下這件事不行嗎? Youre looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一臉倦容，怎么不休假呢?Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat?

27、為什么不等到冬季大賤賣(mài)時(shí)再買(mǎi)一件新外衣呢?If you have to go to the dentist, why not go at once and get it over? 你要是必須去非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要句式歸納would rather句式 1. “would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧愿做某事”，其中的動(dòng)詞原形不能改為不定式或分詞。如：Wed rather stay at home. 我們寧愿呆在家里。I would rather not tell him. 我寧愿不告訴他。We would rather not meet him. 我們寧愿不和他相見(jiàn)。Id rather

28、 work in a supermarket. 我寧愿在超級(jí)市場(chǎng)工作。He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他寧愿聽(tīng)別人談而不愿自己談。Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home?你是去看電影還是待在家。I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them. 與其和他們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物，我倒寧愿留在家里讀點(diǎn)書(shū)。American young people would rather get advi

29、ce from strangers. 美國(guó)的年輕人寧可從陌生人那里獲取咨詢。2. “would rather+動(dòng)詞原形+than+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：He  play than work. 他寧可玩，卻不愿工作。Id rather walk than take a bus. 我寧愿走路而不愿乘公共汽車(chē)。He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 他寧愿聽(tīng)別人談而不愿自己談。He would rather deal with a man than with a woman. 他愿意和男人打交道而不愿

30、和女人打交道。3. “would +動(dòng)詞原形+rather than+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：I would do anything rather than let him get off. 我愿做任何事而不愿讓他跑掉。Id take the slowest train rather than go there by air. 我寧可乘最慢的火車(chē)去也不愿坐飛機(jī)去。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要句式歸納-03 1. prefer+不定式+rather than+動(dòng)詞原形其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：I prefer to walk there rather

31、 than go by bus. 我寧愿走著去，而不愿坐公共汽車(chē)去。He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜歡 讀書(shū)而不喜歡看電視。注：若語(yǔ)義明確，有時(shí)可以有所省略。如：I prefer to travel by day rather than (travel) by night. 我寧愿白天旅行而不是在夜間旅行。2. prefer+動(dòng)名詞+to+動(dòng)名詞其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：He prefers swimming to riding as a sport. 作為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng) 目，他更喜歡游泳而不是騎馬。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的

32、 prefer 前有時(shí)也可用 would, should 等。如：We  playing outdoors to watching television. 我們寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的三種類型 在某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這主要見(jiàn)于以下幾種情況：一、“需要”型在need, want, require幾個(gè)表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓勵(lì)。Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理發(fā)了。The front gate requires m

33、ending. 前門(mén)需要修理。從意義上看，以上三句的動(dòng)名詞均含有，但用的都是。不過(guò)，如果改用不定式，則要用被動(dòng)式，如上面也可說(shuō)成：He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓勵(lì)。Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理發(fā)了。The front gate requires to be mended. 前門(mén)需要修理。二、“值得”型這類詞比較典型的有三個(gè)，它們是(be) worth, deserve, merit它們后面跟的動(dòng)名詞習(xí)慣上要用主動(dòng)式，不能直接。如：The film is worth seeing twice. 這個(gè)片子值得看兩遍。None of it is worth keeping. 這東西一點(diǎn)兒也不值得保存。They merit praising. 他們值得