短文改錯解題指導(dǎo)

1、短文改錯解題指導(dǎo)【解題技巧】一、改前通讀全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯等。這個步很關(guān)鍵，切忌拿來就改。二、改中分句細(xì)讀，逐句找錯，尤其注意語法和詞匯方面的錯誤。一定要仔細(xì)閱讀每一個句子，由于只有站在完整句子的角度，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的錯誤。三、改后將答案放回原文并重讀全文，其目的主要是檢查答案是否符合邏輯或英語習(xí)慣。改后查讀往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在細(xì)讀中不曾發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題或做出的誤改?！緫?yīng)試策略】做短文改錯時，同學(xué)們尤其要注意以下幾種情況:1. 看到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時，要檢查是否有用詞不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不平衡錯誤；2. 看到轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)時，要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤；3. 看

2、到多重結(jié)構(gòu)句時，要檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞或成分殘缺等錯誤；4. 看到名詞、代詞時，要檢查是否有數(shù)、格或指代不一致的錯誤；5. 看到固定短語、詞組時，要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞等是否錯誤或缺失。考點歸納【考點匯總】短文改錯的考點雖然涉及面廣、綜合性強，但是有一定的規(guī)律性。一、冠詞。主要考查冠詞表示泛指、特指的用法等。1. There are all kinds of the flowers . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷II）【解析】本句中用flower的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示種類，其前不用冠詞，故應(yīng)將the去掉。2. The person who found a ticket smiled with pl

3、easure at his success. （2014浙江卷）【解析】這里是指找到了上文中提到的那位乘客丟失的車票，是特指，故應(yīng)將a改為the。二、名詞。主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞辨析、可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等。1. . for all these year . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷I） 【解析】these修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將year改為years。2. . we can do reading for one and a half hour . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷II） 【解析】one and a half修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將hour改為hours。三、動詞。主要考查動詞

4、的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、用法等。1. . were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. （2014遼寧卷） 【解析】bother為及物動詞，能夠直接接賓語，故應(yīng)將其后的to去掉。四、形容詞和副詞。主要考查形容詞和副詞的詞性辨析、詞義辨析、比較級和最高級、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式的形容詞辨析等。1. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷I） 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，這里指有“許多的”圣女果，much后省略了cherry tomato

5、es。由于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式時要用many，故應(yīng)將much改為many。2. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷II） 【解析】本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語應(yīng)為形容詞，故應(yīng)將helpfully改為helpful。五、代詞。主要考查各類代詞的用法及其誤加與漏用。1. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill . （2014遼寧卷） 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，作者在抱怨對方的狗叫聲給自己帶來的困擾，所以這里道歉的應(yīng)該是對方，故應(yīng)將our改為your。六、介詞。主要考查介詞的意義和用法等。1.

6、Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷II） 【解析】表示目的或功能時應(yīng)用介詞for，故將with改為for。2. . and shot their arrows on the bird.（2014陜西卷） 【解析】表示“朝射箭/射擊”時，應(yīng)用介詞at，故應(yīng)將on改為at。七、連詞。主要從邏輯關(guān)系角度考查連詞的誤用，或從成分缺失的角度考查連詞的漏用。1. Although we allow tomato plants . but we have never . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷I） 【解

7、析】表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，although和but不同時使用，故應(yīng)將此處的 but去掉。也可將but改為yet，yet在此作副詞，可與Although連用。2. A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. （2014浙江卷）【解析】“找不到車票”和“變得很沮喪”之間應(yīng)為順接關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將but改為and。八、從句的引導(dǎo)詞。主要考查從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用。1.If you notice that when someone is missing . （2014四川卷）【解析】notice后的賓語從句成分和意義都完

8、整，用that引導(dǎo)即可，故應(yīng)將when去掉。九、主謂一致。主要考查主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上的一致性。1. My dream school look like a big garden. （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷II） 【解析】本句的主語My dream school是單數(shù)形式，其后的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將look改為looks。2. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we . （2014遼寧卷） 【解析】本句中的barking是動詞-ing形式作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故 應(yīng)將have改為has。十、非謂語動詞。主

9、要考查動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式以及過去分詞的用法。1. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. （2014遼寧卷）【解析】It is difficult后接動詞的不定式形式，故應(yīng)將understanding改為understand。2. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. （2014陜西卷）【解析】want后接動詞的不定式形式作賓語，故應(yīng)在teach前加to。3. One evening at sunset, we

10、 sat by the fire, have our barbecue. （2014陜西卷） 【解析】動詞-ing形式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。在本句中，“吃燒烤”是“我們坐在火邊”的伴隨動作，兩個動作同時發(fā)生，故應(yīng)將have改為having。十一、固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法。1. . and with the help by our father . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷I） 【解析】with the help of sb.是固定搭配，表示“在的幫助下”，故應(yīng)將by改為of。2. They are three lessons in the morning . （2014新課標(biāo)全國卷I

11、I） 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，這里指每天上午有三節(jié)課。表示“有”時，往往用there be句型，故應(yīng)將They改為There。 很多東西看似復(fù)雜，但是只要找到其中的規(guī)律就會發(fā)現(xiàn)其實還是很容易的。短文改錯亦是如此。相信同學(xué)們認(rèn)真讀完這篇備考指南后定能更快更準(zhǔn)地解答這一題型。【鞏固練習(xí)】文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多

12、者（第11處起）不計分。A My uncle absolute hated his wifes cat and decided to get rid of him one day by driving him 20 block from his home and leaving him at the park. As she was getting home, the cat was walking up the driveway. The next day he decides to drive the cat 40 blocks away. He put the cat out and h

13、eaded home. Drive back up his driveway, there was the cat! At the last he decided to drive far away until he reached that he thought was a safe distance from his home and left the cat there. Hours late he called his wife, “Jen, is the cat there?” “No,” his wife answered. Then he said, “Put him on th

14、e phone. I lost way and need directions!” B This morning, I go to the store near my home to do some shopping. I gave a violently cough while I was walking down the passage. The woman standing next to me was so shocking that she consequently dropped a jar of oil. For that very moment, a girl was

15、 walking by. She slipped on the oil, fell onto the broke glass and hit her head on the floor. After a while, there were blood pour down her face. I felt really guilty and sent the girl to the nearest hospital without the delay. The doctor examined her wound carefully. To my relief, it was not seriou

16、s. The girl had a little smile on her face before the doctor dressed wound.C Once Rabbit declared loudly that he was the fastest. Thinking what Rabbit was too proud, Frog was annoying and decided to teach him a lesson. He challenged Rabbit for a race through some thick grass down to the town pond. R

17、abbit disagreed. On the day of the race, Frog played with a trick. Many of his frog friends hid in the thick grass, one big jump apart from one another. Rabbit ran as faster as he could through the grass, and no matter how fast he ran, Frog was always one jump ahead of him. By the time Rabbit got to

18、 a pond, he was running fast to stop. He fell right into the pond, just as Frog jumped up from behind a rock and shouted, “I was the winner!”DCan you imagine wear a pretty sweater made of garbage? It could not happen! A few companies across the country are making clothes from things those are thrown

19、 away by people. For example, the company makes sweaters from old plastic bottles. First, the bottles are cut into small piece. The pieces are melted. Then the melting plastic is made into long and thin threads. The threads are used to making sweaters which are very soft and light. Believe it not, t

20、hese sweaters sell well in spite of the fact that they are not expensive at all. Many people think that these recycled clothes can help us cut up on garbage.DKeys: 1. wear  wearing 2. 去掉not 3. those  that / which 4. (the company makes)      the  a 5. piec

21、e  pieces 6. melting  melted 7. making  make 8. (Believe it not) not前加or 9. expensive  cheap 10. up  downCKeys: 1. what  that或去掉what 2. annoying  annoyed 3. (for a race) for  to 4. disagreed  agreed 5. (played with)  去掉with 6. faster  fast 7. (and no matter) and &#