計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)-第3版-課后習(xí)題答案-完整版

1、參考答案Unit 1 Section A（P8）IFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2 input; output3 VLSI4 workstations; mainframes5 vacuum; transistors6 instructions; software7 digit; eight; byte8 microminiaturization; chipIITranslate the following terms or phrase

2、s from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 artificial intelligence 人工智能2 paper-tape reader 紙空閱讀機(jī)3 optical computer 光學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)4 neural network 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5 instruction set 指令集6 parallel processing 平行處理7 difference engine 差分機(jī)8 versatile logical element 通用邏輯器件9 silicon substrate 硅基10 vacuum tube 真空管（電子管）11 the s

3、torage and handling of data 數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理 12 very large-scale integrated circuit 超大規(guī)模集成電路 13 central processing unit 中央處理器 14 personal computer 個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) 15 analogue computer 模擬計(jì)算機(jī) 16 digital computer 數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī) 17 general-purpose computer 通用計(jì)算機(jī) 18 processor chip 處理器芯片 19 operating instructions 操作指令 20 input devi

4、ce 輸入設(shè)備 21IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digita

5、l. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computers speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been cons

6、tant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from t

7、he 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale

8、integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.Unit 2 Section A（P34）IFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 input; output; storage2 Basic Input Output System3 flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4 LCD-bas

9、ed5 dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6 disk drives; memory7 Volatile8 serial; parallelIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 Function key 功能鍵2 voice recognition module 語(yǔ)音識(shí)別模塊3 touch-sensitive region 觸感區(qū)，觸摸區(qū)4 address bus 地址總線5 flatbed scanner 平板掃描儀6 d

10、ot-matrix printer 點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）7 parallel connection 并行連接8 cathode ray tube 陰極射線管9 video game 電子游戲（港臺(tái)亦稱(chēng)電玩）10 audio signal 音頻信號(hào)11 operating system 操作系統(tǒng) 12 LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶顯示（器） 13 inkjet printer 噴墨打印機(jī) 14 data bus 數(shù)據(jù)總線 15 serial connection 串行連接 16 volatile memory 易失性存儲(chǔ)器 17 laser printer

11、激光打印機(jī) 18 disk drive 磁盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 19 BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng) 20 video display 視頻顯示器 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic

12、 charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light det

13、ermines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 meg

14、abytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.Unit 3 Section A（P57）IFill in the blanks with the information given

15、 in the text:1 artificial; instructions2 low-level; high-level3 low-level4 Machine5 functional; logic6 Statement7 Module8 digitalIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 storage register 存儲(chǔ)寄存器2 function statement 函數(shù)語(yǔ)句3 program statement 程序語(yǔ)句4 object-orien

16、ted language 面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言5 assembly language 匯編語(yǔ)言6 intermediate language 中間語(yǔ)言，中級(jí)語(yǔ)言7 relational language 關(guān)系（型）語(yǔ)言8 artificial language 人造語(yǔ)言9 data declaration 數(shù)據(jù)聲明10 SQL 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語(yǔ)言11 executable program 可執(zhí)行程序 12 program module 程序模塊 13 conditional statement 條件語(yǔ)句 14 assignment statemen t賦值語(yǔ)句 15 logic language 邏輯語(yǔ)言

17、 16 machine language 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言 17 procedural language 過(guò)程語(yǔ)言 18 programming language 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言 19 run a computer program 運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序 20 computer programmer 計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)員 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language use

18、d to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers

19、 to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machines

20、main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “l(fā)ibraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasksa first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was fo

21、und to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages becam

22、e more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.Unit 4 Section A（P81）IFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 application; operati

23、ng2 assemblers3 compiler4 interpreter5 Debugger6 Loop7 device driver8 John von NeumannIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 inference engine 推理機(jī)2 system call 系統(tǒng)調(diào)用3 compiled language 編譯語(yǔ)言4 parallel computing 平行計(jì)算5 pattern matching 模式匹配6 free memory 空閑內(nèi)存

24、7 interpreter program 解釋程序8 library routine 庫(kù)程序9 intermediate program 中間程序，過(guò)渡程序10 source file 源文件11 interpreted language 解釋?zhuān)ㄐ裕┱Z(yǔ)言 12 device driver 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 13 source program 源程序 14 debugging program 調(diào)試程序 15 object code 目標(biāo)代碼 16 application program 應(yīng)用程序 17 utility program 實(shí)用程序 18 logic program 邏輯程序 19 in

25、k cartridge 墨盒 20 program storage and execution 程序的存儲(chǔ)與執(zhí)行 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source c

26、ode using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of so

27、urce code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computers machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language,

28、other programssuch as assemblers, binders (聯(lián)編程序), linkers (連接程序), and loaders (裝入程序)finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and A

29、pple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.Unit 7 Section A（P153）IFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 Telegraph2 dots; dashes3 Media4 point-to-point

30、5 Analog6 Digital7 text-based8 modemIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 microwave radio 微波無(wú)線電2 digital television 數(shù)字電視3 DSL 數(shù)字用戶線路4 analog transmission 模擬傳輸5 on-screen pointer 屏幕（觸摸屏）上的指示（器）6 computer terminal 計(jì)算機(jī)終端7 radio telephone 無(wú)線電話8 cellular te

31、lephone 蜂窩電話（移動(dòng)電話）9 decentralized network 分散的網(wǎng)絡(luò) 10 wire-based internal network 基于普通網(wǎng)線的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)11 fiber-optic cable 光纜 12 fax machine 傳真機(jī) 13 wireless communications 無(wú)線通信 14 point-to-point communications 點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)通信 15 modulated electrical impulse 調(diào)制電脈沖 16 communication(s) satellite 通信衛(wèi)星 17 telegraph key 電報(bào)電鍵 1

32、8 transmission medium 傳輸媒體 19 cordless telephone 無(wú)繩電話 20 metal conductor 金屬導(dǎo)體 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives

33、at its destination is an accurate duplication of the data that was sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the communication is referred to as telecommunicat

34、ions; the prefix “tele” is derived from a Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武斷的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as local communications; if you phone the

35、 person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply to both local communications and telecommunications.Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data travels on a communica

36、tions system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用處) when you install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.Unit 12 Section A（P272）IFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 employees

37、2 Hackers3 Crackers4 damage; manipulation5 Worm6 software piracy7 access; backup8 PasswordsIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 encryption program 加密程序2 deletion command 刪除命令3 authorized user 授權(quán)的用戶4 backup copy 備份的副本5 voltage surge 電涌，浪涌電壓6 circuit br

38、eaker 斷路器7 electronic component 電子器件8 data-entry error 數(shù)據(jù)輸入錯(cuò)誤9 electronic break-in 電路中斷10 power line 電力線，輸電線11 detection program 檢測(cè)程序 12 power source 電源 13 destructive computer program 破壞性計(jì)算機(jī)程序 14 computer virus 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒 15 software piracy 軟件侵權(quán) 16 hard-disk drive 硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 17 virus checker 病毒檢查程序 18 primary storage 主存儲(chǔ)器 19 electronic bulletin board 電子公告板 20 surge protector 浪涌電壓保護(hù)器 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A virus or other unwelcome surprise can lurk in your computer system for days or months