四川省成都市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練80集連載(32)

1、四川省成都市2016高考英語閱讀理解二輪基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練80集連載（32）【2016高考訓(xùn)練】閱讀下列短文 ,從給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Working with a group of baboons （狒狒）in the Namibian desert , Dr.Alecia Carter ofthe Department of Zoology , Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food , hidden in a box.Some ba

2、boons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had tolearn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr.Carterpresented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found th

3、at personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt , but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect, despitebeing made aware of what to do , they were still too shy

4、to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not , even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and us

5、ing it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that haspreviously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive （認(rèn)知的）tasks not because they aren't c

6、lever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings mayimpact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with

7、 the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to usethe information once they have it, information may not travel between all groupmembers, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.1 What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr.Carter's research. B. Th

8、e results of Dr.Carter's research. C. The purpose of Dr.Carter's research. D. The significance of Dr.Carter's research.2 According to the research ， which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A Those that have more experience.B Those that can avoid potential risks.C Th

9、ose that like to work independently.D Those that feel anxious about learning.3 Which best illustrates the“ mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C Some baboons observe others but don't follow

10、them.D Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.4 Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through .A storing informationB learning from each otherC understanding different peopleD travelling between social groups答案：【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇科普說明文。劍橋大學(xué)的一些研究人員通過對狒狒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響

11、狒狒學(xué)習(xí)成效的因素不是它們的智力，而是其性格以及對學(xué)習(xí)的渴望程度。這一研究結(jié)果也適用于人類社會：如果我們不善于與他人溝通或太膽怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么會阻礙以社會學(xué)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)的文化的形成。1 A 解析：推理判斷題。第一段描述了研究人員如何開展這一研究的具體細(xì)節(jié)：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一個盒子里，有些狒狒有機(jī)會觀看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任務(wù)的，而另外一些狒狒則不得不自學(xué)完成任務(wù)，因此選 A 項“卡特博士研究的設(shè)計”，而非研究的“結(jié)果”“目的”或“重要性”。2 D 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中 The braver baboons learnt ， but the shy ones

12、did not learn.及第三段中 The anxious individuals learnt.while those who wererelaxed did not.這些對實驗的描述可知D項"那些渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒”符合題意。3 C 解析：推理判斷題。該詞所在上文，即第二、三段提到在觀察了別的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒學(xué)到本領(lǐng)，而害羞的狒狒學(xué)了卻不像別的狒狒那樣去做；再根據(jù)betweencollecting social information and using it可知與“收集”和“使用”對應(yīng)的是“觀察別人但不跟著做”，即 C項。意為“研究結(jié)果可能會影4 B 解析：細(xì)節(jié)

13、理解題。最后一段首句 The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.響我們?nèi)绾卫斫馍鐣幕男纬?，該文化的形成是通過社會學(xué)習(xí)獲得的"。換言之，作者認(rèn) 為我們的文化是通過 social learning而形成白與 B項“互相學(xué)習(xí)”相呼應(yīng)，而非“儲存信息” “理解不同的人”或“在社會群體間傳播”。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B C D）中，選出最佳選項?！?016高考訓(xùn)練】Teachers say the digit

14、al age has had a good influenceand a not-so-goodinfluenceon this generation of American teenagers. More than 2000 teachers tookan online survey. Three-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a “ mostly positive " effect on their students ' research habit

15、s and skills. But 64 percent said the technologies “ do more to distract（使分心、）studentsthan to help them academically. " And 87 percent agreed that these technologies arecreating an “ easily distracted generation with short attention spans.”The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the Nation

16、al Writing Project. JudyBuchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of thereport. Ms. Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster. " Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some ofthe learning exciting

17、 and engaging. Young people favor these tools. The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content, and not just sort of _ _ _ _ _ "consumers.But one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacy.They trust too much of the information they find on the In

18、ternet. Judy says thesestudents haven' t devel oped the skills to determine the quality of online information."It ' s something that really has to be taught and paid attention to, because ina world in which things happen quickly, you do need to step back, reflect and analyze the informa

19、tion you have. ”Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online. Teachers say the result is a reduction -3 -in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers. They say students are overly dependent

20、 on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries.Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for studentsto copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities.1 The text mainly tells us.A. digital tools bring about benefits and prob

21、lems B. the Internet is playing a key roleC. teachers encourage using digital toolsD. all the students use digitaltools2 Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?A. d B / C/ D (5( d=Para 1,(2= Para 2,(3=Para 3,(4= Para 4,=Para 5)3 The underlined sentence in the third paragraph pro

22、bably means.A. students do not have the right digital toolsB. students do not always have access to the InternetC. students can ' t judge online information properlyD. students haven ' t the ability to adjust themselves4 Some students don ' t tend to work hard because.A. they can copy ot

23、hers ' work without being punishedB. printed books and libraries around aren ' t enoughC. the Internet can ' t make students concentrateD. they can get answer on the Internet quickly參考答案1 4、accd閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（ A、B C D）中，選出最佳選項。 【2016高考訓(xùn)練】People have wondered for a long time how their

24、personalities and behaviour are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain chara

25、cteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy

26、（ 爭論）is often conveniently referred to as“nature and nurture ".Those who support the “nature " side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, ch

27、aracteristics and behaviour is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts （本能）.Proponents of the anurture " theory, or, as they are often called, behaviourists

28、, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviourist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviourists ' view of the human being is quite mechani

29、stic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli （刺激）as the basis of theirbehaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads s

30、ome “nature " proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviourists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and

31、that, as a result, they -5 -do not develop the same responses that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. In fact, it isquite likely that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is c

32、ertain.1 This passage is mainly concerned with .A. relation between personality and behaviourB. relation between behaviour and environmentC. different accounts of patterns of human behaviourD. different theories of the formation of human personality and behaviour.2 The underlined word “ proponents ”

33、 in Paragraph 2 means .A. teachersB. advisorsC. advocatesD. judges3 What s the author s purpose in writing the passage?A. To call our attention to the changes of human behaviour.B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behaviour.D. To

34、present an argument in the field of social science.參考答案1 3 、 DCD閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、日C D）中，選出最佳選項。【 2016 高考訓(xùn)練】When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and headfor safety But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straightfor the center of the stor

35、m These people are willing to risk being killed by floodsor 100-Kilometer- an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up“ Storm chasing （ 追逐 ） ” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby ， especiallyin the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between Marcha

36、nd July A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to l,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waitsfor it to developAlthough anyone can do it , storm chasing is extremely dangerous . The power of a big storm can throw a cow into

37、the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Stormchasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If youare a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm - chasing vacations during the storm season .Even then , storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. &

38、quot; Storm chasing,and all you get is blueis 95 % driving , " says Daniel Lynch , who spends most of his summer storm-chasing . " Sometimes youCan sit around for hours waiting for something to happen sky and a few light showers.,“says JasperIt is the greatest showHowever , for storm chase

39、rs , it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm , it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your lifeMorley . " Every sto rm is an example of the power of nature on Earth .1. For storm chasing , the first thing storm chasers do is to.A. head straight for the center of the storm

40、 B. get into the car for safetyC. wait patiently for the storm to develop D. collect information about a coming storm2. Beginners of storm chasing are advised A . not to drive in a heavy rain B. to do it in an organized wayC . not to get too close to a storm D. to spend more time on it in summer3. B

41、y sayi ng “it is all worth it" in the last paragraph ,the author means thatA. storm chasing costs a lot of money B. storm chasing is worth hours of waitingC . efforts in storm chasing are well paid D . a storm presents the greatestshowon Earth4. What can we learn from the text?A . Sometimes sto

42、rm chasers get nothing but disappointmentB . Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.C . Storm chasing is becoming popular around the worldD Storm chasing is only fit for young people參考答案、 DBCA閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、日C D）中，選出最佳選項?！?2016 高考訓(xùn)練】The first tape recorder didn t use tape. It used long thin wire. It was invented in 1900 by Valdermar Poulsen. In 1930, German scientists invented the tape we use today. Back then the tape was on big rolls. In 1964 the Philips company in Holland invented the cassette. It s pretty much a holder for the tape. People use cassettes all over the world.