高中語法之定語從句講解

1、定語從句定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分一朵漂亮的花a beautiful flower定義：復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句先行詞：被從句修的名詞或代詞（有時(shí)可以是句子）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞作用：連接定語從句；指代先行詞；在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分（主賓表定狀）that 人、物 主賓表（做賓可?。㏕he girl that we saw yesterday was Jim（賓）s sister.A plane is a machine that can fly.（主）which 物主賓表（做賓可省，作介詞賓語不可省）They planted some trees which didn' t ne

2、ed much water.在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不用which的情況：先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)。如 all, little , few, none,anything , something, everything, nothing 等Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序 數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the first two -storey bus that runs in our city.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)Guilin is the most beautiful city或被形容詞

3、最高級(jí)修飾who 人 主賓表（做賓可?。㏕here is a girl who wants to see you.（主）whom 人 賓表（做動(dòng)賓可省，作介詞賓語不可?。㏕he old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker.你昨天見到的那位老人是位思想家。whose 人、物，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格， 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為 "the名詞+ of which/whom "和"of which/whom 關(guān)系代詞 + the+名詞”的形式。This is the scientist whose name is

4、 known all over the country.This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.This is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country.Please pass me the bookwhose cover is green.fPlease pass me the bookhe cover of which is green.Please pass me the bookof which the cov

5、er is green.時(shí)。that I have ever visited.關(guān)系副詞先行詞被the only, thevery, the right 等修飾時(shí)。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍 巾。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?when先行詞是time, day, week, year等時(shí)間類名詞，在從句中作時(shí) 間狀語可由介詞+which替代注意：當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的time

6、, day等或表示地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu):I can not forget the day when (on which) I first saw you.1.從句缺少主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which或that,where先行詞是 place, street, house, city, country 等地點(diǎn)類名詞，或2.從句缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語，才能用when或where。一些抽象意義的名詞，如point, case, position, condition,situation0在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，可由介詞 +which替代I still rememb

7、er the day (which/that) we spent together in thecity.This is the house where (in which) they lived a week ago.先行詞為時(shí)間，從句缺賓語why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason,在句中作原因狀語I can not forget the day when (on which) I first saw you.可由for which代替先行詞為時(shí)間類名詞，從句缺時(shí)間狀語The reason why (for which) I don' trust him is that he

8、often tells lies.介詞+關(guān)系代詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，指人用 whom,指物用which,無其他選擇介詞的選擇方法可以總結(jié)為：乙先、二動(dòng)、三意義、四特殊一先，即先看先行詞，介詞往往和先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配時(shí)間常和on, in, by搭配；地點(diǎn)常用on, in, at;原因用for；方式用in, by, with二動(dòng)，即看從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配選擇合適的介詞。三意義：通過判斷主句表達(dá)的全部意義來確定合適的介詞四特殊：介詞of常用于表示部分的詞語+ of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)1.不定代詞 all, both, none, neither, either, some, a

9、ny +of +關(guān)系代 詞Do you remember the day on which (when) you joined us?There isn ' t a single person to whom she can turn for help.This is the house in which (where) the inventor lived.(lived in the house)He is the person of whom everyone has heard.他是那位所有人都聽說過的人。(hear of聽說)He was educated at a local

10、 high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.(動(dòng)作先后順序，after)1. The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors2. There are sixty students in our class, twenty of whom are girls.3. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,2 .數(shù)詞（含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+關(guān)系代詞80% of which

11、 are sold abroad.3 .數(shù)詞 + 名詞 +of + 關(guān)系代詞4. There are sixty students, two boys of whom are my friends.4 .the+最高級(jí) /比較級(jí) +of + 關(guān)系代詞5. There are two rooms, the smaller of which is my study room.5 .表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several, enough, half, a 6.There are sixty students, most of whom are from China.qu

12、arter+of +關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)一： who 和 whomwho可取代whom在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可省略。 但如果whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提前只能用whom。This is the pilot （who/whom ） I bought a camera for.=This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.這個(gè)就是我給他買照相機(jī)的飛行員?？键c(diǎn)三：occasion,period做先行詞，并在從句中做時(shí)間狀語occasion, period等作先行詞時(shí)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞when。There are occasions

13、when one must yield.There are occasions on which one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。（時(shí)間狀語）考點(diǎn)二：如何區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么成分：如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語表語，用關(guān)系代詞；如果作定語，就用 whose；如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞?？键c(diǎn)四：先行詞為the way,并在從句中作方式狀語當(dāng)先行詞為the way時(shí)，并在從句中作方式狀語，從句用 that 或in which,或省略不用。如果作主賓表，則正常使用關(guān)系詞。We admire the way he so

14、lved the problem.We admire the way that he solved the problem.We admire the way in which he solved the problem.We admire the way that/which he suggested.（在從句中作賓語）考點(diǎn)五：使用非限制性定語從句應(yīng)注意的問題考點(diǎn)六：as固定搭配考點(diǎn)七：as和which指代整句時(shí)的區(qū)別as is said above 如上所述as is known to all 眾所周知as has been said before如前所說as is often the c

15、ase情況常常如此as has been pointed out正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣as often happens這種情況常常發(fā)生在非限制性定語從句中，as 和which可指代整句。1 . as位置靈活;which只可置于主句的之后。2 .as意為 芷如，就象”；which意為 這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。1. The room hasn ' t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.1 .非限制性定語從句不用that引導(dǎo)。I am fond of the novel , which you bought for me.2 .非限制性

16、定語從句不用why引導(dǎo)，而用for whichI have told him the reason, for which I missed the bus.3 .非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，這 時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。He is shallow , which is known to us all in our company.他很膚淺，我們公司的人都知道。（先行詞為主句的內(nèi)容）2. As we had expected,he wasas is already mentioned above 1ate again.就跟上邊所提到的那樣as you can see就跟你

17、看到的那樣考點(diǎn)八對(duì)比定語從句所修飾詞名詞，代詞，或者整個(gè)主句A plane is a machine that can fly.He is shallow , which is known to us all in our company.功能作用對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾，The news that my mom told me is true.引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系詞：替代先行詞，連接主從句，在從句中做主賓表定狀，作從句的動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)可省略I have a idea (that) you may need.(that替代先行詞a idea連接主從句，在從句中作賓語)that關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主賓表，有時(shí)可用wh

18、ich替代The news (that) my mom told me is true.同位語從句idea、fact、news、hope、belief、suggestion、proposal、word、thought doubt、truth、possibility > promise、order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞Word came that he had been abroad.對(duì)從句前的抽象名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，屬于名詞性從句The news that our team has won the game is true.引導(dǎo)詞：分為連接詞，連接代詞，連接副詞。連接主從句，比定從多了 how, what , whether, ifI have no idea what has happened to him.(what連接代詞，連接主從句，在從句中作主語)連接詞，只起連接作用，無意義，不充當(dāng)成分，不可省，不能用which 替代 The news that our team