高考英語閱讀理解試題(有答案和解析)含解析

1、高考英語閱讀理解試題（有答案和解析）含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus ( 章魚)called Octavia, and a seal named Lidia at the Smithsonians National Zoo in Washington, D.C. Rather than real animals, they are actually artworks made out of plastic trash from the ocean.These artworks are pa

2、rt of a traveling exhibit called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. The Washed Ashore project, led by the artist called Pozzi, works to raise awareness about plastic pollution in Earths oceans.More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the worlds oceans today. Most of the plastic is garbage fro

3、m towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds, and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and smaller pieces.Thousands of sea animals die each year

4、from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year, millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues, by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean.The Washed Ashore project is working to stop that from happe

5、ning. Since 2010, Washed Ashore volunteers have collected 38,000 pounds of plastic trash from more than 300 miles of beaches. They helped Pozzi create more than 60 artworks of sea creatures harmed by plastic pollution.These artworks are a powerful reminder of our personal role and global responsibil

6、ity in preserving biodiversity ( 生物多樣性 )on land and in the sea, says Dennis Kelly, director of the National Zoo.(1) What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonians National Zoo?A. To let people know about animals in the ocean. B. To introduce one way of recycling plastic trash.C. To wa

7、rn people of plastic pollution in the ocean. “D. To show Pozzis great gift for creating artworks.(2) According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean?A. Garbage from towns and cities.B. Trash left on beaches by people.C. Plastic bags broken up by waves.D. Litter created

8、 by human activities.(3) The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that .A. plastic pollution will be more serious in the ocean B. more and more artworks of sea creatures will be madeC. the Washed Ashore project has made great achievements D. volunteers can solve the ocean pollution successfully by

9、2050(4) Whats Dennis Kellys attitude towards the artworks?A. Worried.B. Supportive.C. Doubtful.D. Unconcerned.(5) What would be the best title for the text?A. Turning Trash into ArtB. Working for Washed AshoreC. Collecting Plastic TrashD. Stopping Environmental Pollution【答案】(1) C D(6) C(7) BA【解析】【分析

10、】本文是一篇記敘文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋動(dòng)物，來提醒全球的人們?nèi)ケＷo(hù)海洋，禁止人們朝海洋扔垃圾。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的These artworks are a powerful reminder of ourpersonal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea. 可知這 些藝術(shù)品展示了人們?cè)诤Ｑ笊锒鄻有员Ｗo(hù)中的個(gè)人作用。即：警醒人民注意海洋中的塑 料污染。故選Co(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的More than 315billion pound

11、s of plastic litter theworlds oceans,today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches.可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人類活動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的垃圾。故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中所列的數(shù)字信息可以證明：該項(xiàng)目最近幾年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成績(jī)(已有 3800噸垃圾被清理)。故選Co(4)考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Theseartworks are a powerful reminder

12、of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea. 其中關(guān) 鍵信息 “powerful reminder”可知這些藝術(shù)品是人們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)海洋中所起作用的有力證明，故 選Bo(5)考查主旨大意。本文是通過把海洋中的塑料垃圾變成藝術(shù)品以喚醒人們的海洋保護(hù)意 識(shí)。故選Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱 讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。2 .閱讀理解Do you li

13、ke my dress? She asked of a passing stranger. My mommy made it just for me. She said with a tear in her eye.Well, I think its very pretty, so, why are you crying?With a tremble in her voice the little girl answered. After mommy made me this dress, she hadto go away.Well, now, said the lady, with a l

14、ittle girl like you waiting for her, Im sure shell be right back.No Maam, you dont understand, said the child through her tears, my daddy said shes up in heaven now with Grandfather.The woman realized what the child meant, and why she was crying. Kneeling down she gently gathered the child into her

15、arms and together they cried for the mommy that was gone. As the woman intended to go, the little girl grabbed her sleeve, pointing to a spot on her dress, saying,Here is where my mommy kissed my dress, and here, pointing to another spot, and here is another kiss, and here, and here. Mommy said that

16、 she put all those kisses on my dress so that I would have her kisses whenever I cry.Then the lady realized that she wasnt just looking at a dress, she was looking at a mother who knew that she was going away and would not be there to kiss away the hurts that she knew her daughter would get. So she

17、took all the love she had for her little girl and put them into this dress. She no longer saw a little girl in a simple dress. She saw a child wrapped in her mothers love.(1) Why did the little girl cry when she showed her dress to the stranger?A. Because she didnt think the dress was beautiful enou

18、gh. B. Because her mom abandoned her after she made the dress.C. Because her mom passed away and she cant see her any more.“D. Because her mom lefthome to travel with her grandfather.(2) Mom put the spots on her daughters dress to.A. ensure that her daughter could remember her B. kiss her whenever s

19、he criesC. make her look more beautiful and lovely D. help her daughter carry through difficult times (3) It could be inferred from the passage that.A. the woman was deeply touched by what the mom had done B. the mom was cruel enough to leave her daughter behindC. the little girl didnt care about he

20、r mom any longer D. the mom kissed the skirt here and there to comfort her daughter(4) Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. A kind woman. B. A lovely girl. C. Not a simple dress. D. A great mom. 【答案】(1) CD(3) A(4) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個(gè)女人遇到一個(gè)搭訕的孩子，她的母親已經(jīng)死去，卻給孩子留下的一份特殊的禮物：一

21、條充滿著愛的裙子。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的my daddy said shes up in heaven now withGrandfather可知，小女孩的母親已經(jīng)去世了。故選C。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Mommysaid that she put all those kisses on mydress so that I would have her kisses whenever I cry. 可知，媽媽為了幫助孩子度過人生中會(huì) 哭的時(shí)候，即可以引申為度過難關(guān)。故選 D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的Then the lady realized that s

22、he wasnt just look ing ata dress, she was looking at a mother who knew that she was going away and would not be there to kiss away the hurts that she knew her daughter would get. So she took all the love she had for her little girl and put them into this dress. 可知，女人深感裙子里蘊(yùn)含的深意，并為之感動(dòng)。故選Ao(4)考查主旨大意。本文

23、從頭到尾都圍繞小女孩身上的裙子而展開，并且結(jié)尾處進(jìn)行裙子 意義的深化。故選 Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3 閱讀理解Coral reefs （珊瑚礁） are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter andhabitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients a

24、s well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime coral bleaching （白化現(xiàn)象） events that damage their health, causing fish and other s

25、ea species toabandon them.In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of co

26、ral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the cr

27、ackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when theyre looking for a place to settle, said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were

28、found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. These returning fish, are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage were seeing on ma

29、ny coral reefs around the world, said lead author, Tim Gordon.（ 1 ） What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?A.Diverse species.B.Noise pollution.C.Fishing industry.D.Climbing temperatures.（ 2） What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?A.Removing damaged coral reefs.B.Using loudspea

30、kers to keep fish away.C.Building new homes for sea species.D.Playing certain sounds to appeal to fish.（ 3） Why are Steve Simpsons words quoted?A.To provide some findings of the study.B.To show the progress of the experiment.C.To explain reasons for the new approach.D.To give another solution to the

31、 problem.（ 4） What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.The attempts are in vain.B.Natural recovery is impossible.C.Initial success has been achieved.D.The coral reefs have returned to normal.【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 5） D（ 6） C（ 7） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的平均水溫上升導(dǎo)致了更頻繁、更長(zhǎng)期的珊瑚白化事件，而為了恢復(fù)這一脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，科學(xué)家們?cè)谑軗p的珊瑚礁

32、附近使用水下擴(kuò)音器，讓珊瑚聽起來更健康，從而能夠吸引魚類。作者解釋了采用這一方法的 原因以及這一新方法獲得了初步成功。（ 1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ However,the rise in average water temperatures dueto climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime u coral bleaching events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them. 然而，由于氣候

33、變化 ” 導(dǎo)致的平均水溫上升導(dǎo)致了更頻繁、更長(zhǎng)期的珊瑚白化事件，損害了它們的健康，導(dǎo)致魚類和其他海洋物種拋棄它們，可知，氣溫攀升是導(dǎo)致珊瑚白化現(xiàn)象的原因。故選D。（ 2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ Inorder to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientistsfrom the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and a

34、ttract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. 為了恢復(fù)這一脆弱的生”態(tài)系統(tǒng)，來自英國(guó)和澳大利亞的科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，他們?cè)谑軗p的珊瑚礁附近使用水下擴(kuò)音器，讓它們聽起來更健康，吸引魚類，這可能會(huì)啟動(dòng)珊瑚礁的自然恢復(fù)過程及其依賴的生命形式，可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用播放某些聲音來吸引魚的方法來恢復(fù)珊瑚礁。故選D。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ Healthycoral reefs are remarkably n

35、oisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. 健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵雜的”地方 蝦的噼啪聲和魚的呼嚕呼嚕聲，可知，引用Steve Simpson 的話是為了解釋采用這一新方法的原因。故選C。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts ofdead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places w

36、here no sounds were played. 通過使用擴(kuò)音器來模仿這些聲音，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)部分死去的珊瑚礁比沒有聲音的地 ”方能吸引兩倍多的魚，可推知這一新方法初步取得了成功。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4 閱讀理解They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so many children was that he was confid

37、ent anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a success.Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions or motion study, as Dad and Mother named it.Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could de

38、termine how we could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket money put forward an offer saying what he would do the job for. The lowest bidder got the contract(合約).Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write and Dad

39、 expected his children to start writing at a young age was required to sign their names on the charts in the morning after he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process charts aga

40、in after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth. Mother wanted to have a place on the charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was concerned prayers were voluntary.It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the effi

41、ciency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven. He even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so doing he could cut sev

42、enteen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two razors, but he finally gave that up.“I can save fort-four seconds, he complained, “ but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat. It wasnt the injured throat that really bothered hliiwas the two min

43、utes.(1) Why was the authors house considered a sort of school?A. It had a team of twelve children there. B. The children were taught how to work well in it.C. The parents could teach their children better at home. D. The parents could have the childrens daily activities recorded.(2) What is the pur

44、pose of signing the charts?A. To help to do things efficiently.B. To manage the big family effectively.C. To look after the children better.D. To remind the children to obey the rules.(3) What did the father complain about one morning?A. He should have given up shaving.B. His bleeding throat bothere

45、d him.C. He couldnt shave with two razors.D. He failed to cut short his shaving time.(4) We can we infer from the text?A. The kids had to bid for everything they wanted.B. The author took pride in his fathersmanagement.C. The couple were always troubled by their children. D. The fathers work was to

46、teach the children at home.【答案】(1) BA(5) D(6) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者父親有一套嚴(yán)格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。（ 1 ）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ Ourhouse at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort ofschool for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions or motion study, as Dad and Mother named it. 可知，作者的家被認(rèn)為是一種學(xué)校是因?yàn)楹⒆觽儽唤虒?dǎo)如

47、何在里面工 ” 作得很好。故選B。（ 2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home oron the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. 可知，簽署圖表的目的是為了幫助我們有效”地做事。故選A。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ I can save fo-rtfyour seconds, he complained, but Iwasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my

48、throat. It wasnt the injured throatthat really bothered him. It was the two minutes. 可知，父親抱怨他沒能縮短他的剃須時(shí)間?！惫蔬xD。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home oron the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top do

49、wn, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to- bottom took seven. 可知，作者以他父親的管理而自豪。故選 ”B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的 邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，選出正確答案。5 閱讀理解The Mokoko tribe （部落） lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides,separated by a great

50、 cliff （ 懸崖 ）, were like night and day. The good side was watered by rivers and was filled with trees and abundant food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any water or plants, and wild beasts crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to

51、 the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.Along the edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a skinny but strong tree grew, with which they could build two poles. There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles

52、. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didnt dare to. They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.But into that tribe were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts. One day,

53、they decided to take up the poles. Nobody stopped them, but everyone did try to discourage them, trying to present how dangerous the jumping was, using a thousand explanations.And what if what they say is true? wondered the young Naru.Dont worry. I am a bit scared too, but it doesnt look so difficul

54、t, replied Ariki, ever determined.But if it goes wrong, it will be a terrible end, continued Naru, undecided.Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely wont work out well either.Youre right. Lets do it tomorrow.And on the next day, Naru and Ariki jumped to

55、the good side of the island. When taking up the poles, while feeling their desire, the fear hardly allowed them to breathe. And while flying through the air, helpless and without support, they felt that something must have gone wrong and death awaited them. But when they landed on the other side, th

56、ey thought the jump really hadnt been so bad after all.(1) What situation were the Mokoko faced with?A. They lived a difficult life without fearing the beasts. B. They suffered a lot due to the terrible environment.C. They had easy access to the good side. D. They were surrounded by trees and rivers

57、.(2) How did the chief and doctor feel when they were chosen?A. Frightened.B. Energetic.C. Desperate.D. Satisfied.(3) Whats the tribe members reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the poles?A. The members desired to follow their steps. B. The members tried to prevent the behaviour.C. The me

58、mbers convinced them of the danger. D. The members encouraged them to have a try.(4) What can we infer about Naru and Ariki?A. They overcame difficulty with courage and determination. B. They felt relaxed in the whole process of making the jump.C. They never doubted the difficulty in making the jump. D. They hesitated to make the jump over and ov