高級英語第一冊修辭匯總

1、Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar .1. (Onomatopoeia) : is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.擬聲法它是指用詞語模擬客觀事物的聲音，以增強講話或文字的實際音感。1) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.2) the squeaking and rumbling of t

2、he grinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2.Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using“as” or “l(fā)ike ” .1) the heat and glare

3、 of a big open square2) in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.3) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.4) It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,3. Alliteration : is the use of several words in

4、close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) th read their way among thethrongs of people (Para. 1)2) make anoint of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, loude

5、r, etc1) a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)2) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)3) goods of every conceivable kind are sold4) as the burnished copper catches the light on numberable lamps and braziers5) . takes you .hundreds even thousands of years6) .with the dust of centuries5. Antithesis : is t

6、he setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.1) ainy apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with ahuge leather bellows 2) whichtowers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels.6. Personification : a figure of speech

7、in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.1) as the burnished coppecatchesthe light of (Para.5)2) where camels liedisdainfully chewing their hay3) a fairyland of dancing flashes (metaphor and personification)4) The Middle Eastern bazaar t

8、akes you.5) the beam groan . and protestingLesson 2 Hiroshima the" Liveliest “ City in Japan1.Metaphor:暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一種修辭，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示二者之間的相似之處。1) .

9、 And secondly, because I had alump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.2) . I was agacrushed by the thought 3) . At last thetermezzo came to an end and 4) .- when the meaning of these last wordsnk in, jolting me

10、5) as the fastest train in the worsiipped to a stop6) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactHiroshima-people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb2.Synecdoche:提喻A figure of speechin which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part (as the la

11、w for police officer ), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).舉隅法，提喻法：一種修辭方法，以局部代表整體(如用手 代表 水手)，以整 體代表局部(如用法律代表警官)，以特殊代表一般(如用直柄剃刀代表殺 人者)，以一般代表特殊(如用賊代

12、表扒手),或用原材料代表用該材料制造 的東西(如用鋼代表劍)1)The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers. little old Japan : traditional Japanese houses2. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .3. Metonymy:換喻A figur

13、e of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington ” for “theUnited States government" or of "the sword for "military power ” .換喻，轉(zhuǎn)喻：一種一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭 方法，如用華盛頓”代替 美政府”或用 劍”代替 軍事力量”1)the very

14、symbol of the incessant struggle betwee nhe kimono and the miniskirt.the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture4. Irony :反語The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反語：用詞語

15、表達與它們的字面意思相異或相反的用法，以達到幽默和諷刺的效果。1) congratulate myself on the good fortune that my 川ness has brought me.2) Hiroshimathe “l(fā)iveliest city/,in Japan5. Climax:A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.層進法：在不斷增強的修辭力度或強度中使用的一系列陳述和方法1)No one talks about it any mo

16、re, and no one wants to, especially the people who were born here or who lived through it.6. Anti-climax:漸降A(chǔ)nti-climax, as used in the text, states one' thoughts in a descending order ofsignificance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised

17、or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors, who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironically heard“oystend. " in the漸降表述概念的方式是使意義強烈的語言按照步步降低的語氣順序排列，語勢由 強而弱，語氣由重到輕，有此達到取笑、諷刺或是喜劇的效果。1). “seldomhas a city gained su

18、ch world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its oysters.7. Sarcasm 諷刺 is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.Hiroshimathe " liveliest “ City in Japan (hyperbole)If you want to write this ci

19、ty, do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan, even if (hyperbole)8. Simile 明喻 is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the wordsas or like1)Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them 9.Hyp

20、erbole:1)where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.1. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to

21、 the others.10.Alliteration: I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. "Rhetorical question: Was I not at the scene of the crime?Unit 3 Ships in the DesertI.Personification1)Where there should have been gentle blue-green waveslapping against the side of the ship,

22、there was nothing but hot dry sand.2.Hyperbole1)the population explosion3.Metaphor1)another ghostly image2)theseghosts in the sky4.Metonymy1) the relationship between the two superpowers (Para. 23)2) there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of Nor

23、th America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .5.Metaphor1) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?6.Alliteration1)Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to creatfast pasturefor fast-food beef Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama1.1 ronic “Maggie

24、' s brain is like an elephant ' s” . Wangero said ,laughing .2.Simile:1) “Mama： Wangero said swasta bird . “can I have these old quilts? ” 2)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chinlike a kinky mule tail 3)the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that

25、 erupted like bubbles in lye.4) It is like an extended living room5)My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)6)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)3.Metaphor:1)After I tripped ove門t two or three times he told me2)You didn ' even have to look close to see where handspushing the

26、 dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood3)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?4) showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pin k ski

27、rt and red blouse 4.Rhetorical question1) A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?2) Who ever knew Johnson with a quick tongue?3) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?4) Why don' t y

28、ou do a dance around the ashes5) “Why don' t you take one or two of the others?” I asked.5.Exaggeration1)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)2)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toeLesson 5 Speech on Hitler ' s Invasion of the

29、 U. S. S. R.1. Periodic sentences:Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense (懸念).The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end；周旬 (掉尾句)：主句或謂語在句末的句子，有兩種句型：一：修飾語(尤其是狀語) 在句首的簡單句；二：從句在前主句在后的復(fù)合句。圓

30、周句的安排把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一個詞時句子的結(jié)構(gòu)才完整。1) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragediesflashes away.2) Any man or state who fights on against Nazidomwill have our aid . (p.80)3) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia he is woefully mistaken.4) When I awoken on the morning of S

31、unday, the 22, the news invasion of Russia.2. Rhetorical question (interrogation)Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.1) but can you doubt what our policy will be?3. parallel structure1) We will never

32、parleyWe will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang2) we shall fight him by landwe shall fight him by seawe shall fight him in the air.3) behind all this glarebehind all this storm I see 4) I see the Russian soldiers standingI see them guarding I see the ten thousand villages I see advancin

33、g upon 5) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.6)Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experienceet us redouble our exertions 7)that is our policy and that is our declaration8) The past, with its

34、 crimes, its follies, and its tragedies .9) where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.4. InversionA change in normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before its subjecta) From this

35、nothing will turn usnothing P. 805. RepetitionThe repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness or balance to a sentence1)We have but oneaim and one single, irrevocableourpose.2)He has so longthrived and prospered3)We will never parley, we will never negotiate- - 4) the return o

36、f the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector5) From this nothing will turn us nothing.6) That is our policy and that is our declaration6. simileA figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in “ How like the winter

37、 hath my absence been or “ So are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespea re).明喻：一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進行比較，通常在由like或as引 導(dǎo)的短語中，如我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或 你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”(莎士比亞)1) plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts7. metaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates on

38、e thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一種修辭，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示二者之間的相 似之處。1) I see the Russian soldiers standing on ththreshold of their native land threshold refers to the threshold of their nation.2) Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that sm

39、all group of ( Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers towar fire.Storm: strong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitlera ssault on theother countries.3) launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind4) - delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey (the Russian soldi

40、ers).5) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.6) We are resolved to destroy Hitler and evervestige of the Nazi regime.7) we have rid the earth of his shadow (influence ) and liberated its peoples from his yoke(control).(8) this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.9) But all this fades a

41、way before thespectacle which is now unfolding10) The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination8. alliterationThe repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in頭韻：在一組詞的開頭或重讀音節(jié)

42、中對相同輔音或不同元音的重復(fù)。如："on scrolls of silver snowy sentences"叫物逸騎e股句子'的卷軸上"哈特 克蘭)1) just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men andfree peoples in every quarter of the globe.2) I also see the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hu

43、n soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.3) Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.4) its clanking , heel clicking (Onomatopoeia& alliteration)9. PersonificationA figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities

44、 or are represented as possessing human form1 )I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, stilsmarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.10. hyperboleA figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I

45、could sleep for a yearor This book weighs a ton夸張法：一種比喻，使用夸張來強調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或 這書有一噸重中1) If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.)2) I see the ten thousand villages 11.Antithesisl兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相似但是意思相反的平行

46、從句便是對偶句)1) Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.12.Assonance1)plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.2)We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determinatio

47、n and resources.13. Litotes (double negative)(語輕意重法，間接肯定法)A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite direction.1)I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay .14. allusion 典故Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the

48、 arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down inthe House of Rimmon.Lesson 101. Metaphor:1) No one,. that may case would snowball into.2) .our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere.3) The street .sprouted with .4) He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.5) .champion had not scorched the infidels.6) after the preliminary sparring over legalities7) Now Darrow s